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Topic: List of planetary probes

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Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander

Unmanned space mission

List of manned spacecraft

Rosetta space probe

Neptune Orbiter

Beagle 2

Phoenix (spacecraft)

Project Constellation

Mars Direct

Voyager 2

Galileo probe

Mars (planet)

Crew Exploration Vehicle

New Horizons

Mars Science Laboratory

	Space probe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sakigake probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
		Suisei probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
		Venus Express - ESA probe to be sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_probe (393 words)

	Planetary Probes
		The earliest probes were experimental, which we learnt from and used to plan the later probes.
		The early probes did not carry very sophisticated equipment, the more recent probes have had more sophisticated equipment, so we have learnt more about the planets from the recent probes than from the earlier ones.
		The probes in this presentation are not the only planetary probes, they are only the US probes.
	www.geocities.com /planetaryprobes (218 words)

	Space FAQ 08/13 - Planetary Probe History
		MARINER 2 became the first successful probe to flyby Venus in December of 1962, and it returned information which confirmed that Venus is a very hot (800 degrees Fahrenheit, now revised to 900 degrees F.) world with a cloud-covered atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide (sulfuric acid was later confirmed in 1978).
		All five probes of the series, launched from 1966 to 1967, were essentially successful in their missions.
		EUROPEAN PLANETARY MISSIONS GIOTTO was launched by an Ariane-1 by ESA on July 2 1985, and approached within 540 km +/- 40 km of the nucleus of comet Halley on March 13, 1986.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/space/probe (3705 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars: Past Missions to Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Korabl 13 broke apart in Earth orbit during a burn to transfer the probe to a Mars trajectory.
		The probes were to fall to the surface, hitting the ground at speeds of 160-200 meters/second.
		Their heat shields would shatter on impact and the probes would penetrate the ground by as much as a meter, depending on the composition of the soil.
	www.planetary.org /mars/missions-past.html (2776 words)

	CHAPTER 5: PLANETARY GEOLOGY: Manual of Remote Sensing
		Planetary geology is the study of surface and interior processes on solid objects in the solar system: planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and rings.
		Planetary geology includes an assessment of the past state of the solar system, for example as preserved in the ancient, scarred surfaces of objects like the Moon and asteroids, or in the enigmatic polar layered deposits on Mars.
		Geologic histories of planetary surfaces are often documented in the form of geologic maps (compiled at various scales dependent on the available data and detail to be illustrated) which portray the three-dimensional surface units that comprise a planetary surface and indicate their relative stratigraphic positions.
	marswatch.tn.cornell.edu /rsm.html (18132 words)

	Learn more about List of themed timelines in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Other lists can be found at List of reference tables.
		You may also want to refer to the general historical timeline which has entries for each millennium, century, decade and year.
		List of timelines from across the web of things that never were
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_themed_timelines.html (277 words)

	Viktor's Home Page: Deep Space Probes
		Planetary probes have a specific mission: to explore the surface or vicinity of a planet in the Solar System.
		Other probes are studying the Solar System, or are on their way towards non-planetary targets.
		Probes located near these positions remain at a fixed position relative to both the Earth and the Sun.
	www.vttoth.com /probes/probes.asp (634 words)

	Planetary Society Calls For Vigorous Mars exploration Program
		The Planetary Society supports a vigorous Mars exploration program and has funded an instrument -- the Mars Microphone -- which will fly aboard the upcoming Mars Polar Lander mission and record sounds from the surface of another planet for the first time.
		The lander will be the first probe to explore the planet's polar region area (the South pole) which may contain evidence of the planet's climate history preserved in the permanently frozen terrain.
		The probes are part of NASA's New Millennium Program, which develops and validates advanced technologies for future space missions.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars98-98e.html (852 words)

	JPL Missions
		The mission is an intensive study of Saturn's rings, its moons and magnetosphere.
		In January 2005, the Huygens probe, which was aboard Cassini en route to Saturn, reached the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
		The Stardust spacecraft successfully flew through the cloud of dust that surrounds the nucleus of comet Wild-2 and gathered a sample of cometary material.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions (999 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars: A Mars Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Johannes Kepler uses data on Mars' orbit to discover his third law of planetary motion -- the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the body's mean distance from the Sun -- which he publishes in Harmonice mundi (The Harmony of the Worlds).
		NASA accepts The Planetary Society's Red Rover Goes To Mars project as an educational experiment to be carried on the proposed Mars Surveyor 2001.
		NASA accepts The Planetary Society's Red Rover Goes To Mars project as an educational experiment on the Mars Exploration Rover mission slated to launch in 2003.
	www.planetary.org /mars/timeline-big.html (9192 words)

	List of planetary probes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This list includes all individual planetary probes that have studied/were to/will study solar system objects:
		Venera 3 (Soviet Union, 1966) - failure - atmospheric probe
		Galileo Probe (NASA, 1995) - success - atmospheric probe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_planetary_probes (1772 words)

	JPL Past Missions
		Pioneer 4 successfully passed within 60,000 kilometers (37,300 miles) of the Moon and is now orbiting the Sun, the first U.S. spacecraft placed in solar orbit.
		The Ranger project of the 1960s was the first U.S. effort to launch probes directly toward the Moon.
		Upon arrival at Jupiter in December 1995, the Galileo spacecraft delivered a probe that descended into the giant planet's atmosphere.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past_missions.cfm (1066 words)

	GME Online Planet Jam: Space Probes Stage Launch Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft and its robotic probe landed on the red planet.
		Pioneer is a long-running series of U.S. space probes that have included three basic types of missions: lunar, solar/interplanetary, and planetary.
		The identical U.S. interplanetary probes Voyager 1 and 2 were designed to explore the outer, giant planets of the solar system and their satellites.
	gme.grolier.com /gme-ol/gme-jam/planets/probes/docs/probe.htm (426 words)

	Spacecraft
		Mars in 1965 and took the first close-up images of the Martian surface (22 in all) as it flew by the planet.
		Mariner 9, the sister probe to Mariner 8 which failed on launch, became the first craft to orbit Mars in 1971.
		First probe to return data from the surface of another planet (Venus) in 1970.
	www.nineplanets.org /spacecraft.html (3254 words)

	Society Fresh : Article 'Luna 12' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an Earth-orbiting platform and achieved lunar orbit on October 25, 1966.
		The following table is a partial list of artificial objects on the surface of the Moon.
		Luna program sample return mission; mass listed is for both ascent and descent stages, though only the descent stage was left on the moon Lander and rover weighed 1814 kg; the rest assumed to have decayed in orbit and impacted the moon Was ejected into lunar orbit in 1990, assumed to have decayed from orbit.
	www.society-fresh.net /DisplayArticle626982.html (1203 words)

	ESA Portal - ESA probes make prestigious Science top ten
		ESA’s planetary probes featured in the top 10 list of major scientific achievements of 2005, according to the prestigious US journal Science.
		The Huygens mission gained the runner-up position in the list, highlighting the advances made by robotic explorers in space.
		The number one spot in Science’s list was awarded jointly to several studies that looked at the intricate workings of evolution on Earth.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEM40K0VRHE_index_0.html (302 words)

	ch3-2
		Detection and protection of life in the solar system were the subjects of considerable debate and investigation during the decade (1959-1968) that preceded the selection of biology experiments for Viking.
		As biologists, they had as "much interest as the planetary astronomers in a thorough study of the meteorology, geochemistry, geophysics and topography of Mars." Whatever the ultimate outcome of the search for life, its full meaning would be understood only within the broader context.
		From the standpoint of the problem of the detection of life on extraterrestrial bodies, it may be pertinent to list and scrutinize closely the criteria most commonly attributed to [65] living systems.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4212/ch3-2.html (6712 words)

	Planetary Probes. (from Space Exploration) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		What was to be the year's premier planetary event became an embarrassing spell of silence as Mars Observer failed to check in after starting preparations to orbit Mars.
		The spacecraft's radio was shut down on August 21 to protect it while gas lines were opened and propellant tanks pressurized for the burn to insert the craft into orbit.
		Discusses national space policies and acts, major NASA spaceflight programs and planetary and lunar probes, satellite communications, development of weather and land monitoring satellites, and other space exploration projects.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-91170 (825 words)

	Planetary Probes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Click on a particular year (below) to acces directly the list of failures that occured in that year:
		(0 planetary probe in 3 missions = 0%)
		(7 planetary probes in 28 missions = 25%)
	www.sciencepresse.qc.ca /clafleur/Scfam-planetary.html (423 words)

	International Planetary Probe Workshop -- IPPW4
		The International Planetary Probe Workshop Series was established to bring together scientists, spacecraft engineers, technologists, and mission designers interested in the technological challenges and scientific opportunities involved in entry, descent and flight in these planetary atmospheres and scientific exploration of their atmospheres and surfaces.
		The Fourth Workshop (IPPW-4), to be held in Pasadena in June 2006, will build upon the accomplishments of the three earlier workshops - two held in Europe (Lisbon, Portugal, 2003 and Athens, Greece, 2005) and one in the USA (NASA Ames Research Center, 2004).
		For IPPW-4 we are expecting a continuing focus on Outer Planet probe missions as well as concepts for probe and aerial platform missions to Mars, Venus and Titan.
	ippw.jpl.nasa.gov (420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Their next major scientific discovery should be the location of the heliopause.
		JAPANESE PLANETARY MISSIONS SAKIGAKE (MS-T5) was launched from the Kagoshima Space Center by ISAS on January 8 1985, and approached Halley's Comet within about 7 million km on March 11, 1986.
		The spacecraft is carrying three instru- ments to measure interplanetary magnetic field/plasma waves/solar wind, all of which work normally now, so ISAS made an Earth swingby by Sakigake on January 8, 1992 into an orbit similar to the earth's.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-3/data/20_newsgroup/sci.space/59905 (3551 words)

	Amazon.com: The Depths of Space: The Story of the Pioneer Planetary Probes: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The interplanetary space probes Pioneer 10 and 11 are probably best remembered for the gold calling cards on their sides inscribed with a "We Are Here" map of the Earth and, most controversially, a naked man and woman.
		The book is a nice, concise and well-written history of the Pioneer program, from the early and unsuccessful probes flown by the military in the immediate post-Sputnik era to the trail-blazing missions to Jupiter, Saturn and Venus.
		But every failure was a learning experience and subsequent missions ventured to probe the sun, go beyond the asteroid belt, went on to Jupiter, Saturn, and finally out of the solar system and on to the stars.
	amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0309090504?v=glance (1476 words)

	FULL PUBLICATIONS LIST
		Veverka, M.C. Malin and J. Kissel, DEEP IMPACT: Exploration of the Mantle-Core Interface Region in a Cometary Nucleus, presented at The 28th Annual Meeting of the AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences, Tucson, AZ, October 23-26, 1996.
		Zharkov and B. Zhukov, Phobos: Spectrophotometry between 0.3 and 0.6 µm and IR-Radiometry, Planetary and Space Science, 39, 311-326, 1991.
		Plescia, Tectonic and volcanic evolution of dark terrain and its implications for the internal structure and evolution of Ganymede, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 10743-10768, 1990.
	www.planetary.brown.edu /planetary/publications_list/full_list.html (16465 words)

	Planetary Nebulae Symposium IAU209
		PN as probes of chemical evolution, as standard candles, and as tracers of dark matter in galaxies and clusters
		Check your name in the list of 187 registrants (as of Monday, 12-Nov-2001 16:56:09 EST).
		Or you may wish to check the list of 222 pre-registrants.
	www.ing.iac.es:8080 /~pleisy/Publications/COLLOQUES/IAU209 (507 words)

	Prospects for a Golden Age
		The dates of these periods of renaissance will be listed in a separate Appendix later in this article.
		It too is titled on its axis, making it as unconventional, radical and deviant as Uranus is. Pluto's dual nature (its Moon Charon is fully one quarter of its size) represents the mysterious power of inter-relationship at the heart of life.
		Planetary conjunctions are like new moons, and the cycles between conjunctions are like the phases of the Moon.
	www.california.com /~eameece/prospect.htm (6428 words)

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