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Topic: List of political parties in Egypt

	List of political parties in Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Political parties have firstly been formed as secret societies that were followed by formation of political groups.
		In January 1953, an enactment was adopted on disbanding the political parties and adoption of the one-party rule.
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt (749 words)

	List of political parties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of political parties around the world in the form of a table including links to the lists of political parties in the countries and entities listed in the list of countries, showing which party system is dominant in each country.
		A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections.
		Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_political_parties (257 words)

	Egypt Approves Election Law That Critics Say Favors Mubarak - New York Times
		He surprised Egypt by announcing in February that the field should be open to multiple candidates, and he further fed expectations for real change when he said in an unusual series of television interviews in late April that he would be perfectly happy to win just 60 percent of the vote.
		All recognized parties established more than a year ago are given an automatic entry into the presidential race this year, but most of their leaders are elderly and not very well known.
		Mohamed Kamal, a Cairo University political science professor and a member of the ruling party's policy committee, argued that the constitutional change was aimed at stimulating competing parties in Egypt.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/05/10/international/africa/10cnd-egypt.html?ex=1273377600&en=4d6f1966992f0349&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (1046 words)

	homepage\Africa
		Egypt became an outcast of the Arab world for its recognition of the State of Israel and Sadat was assassinated by his own troops.
		This narrow valley houses 99% of the population of Egypt.
		Egypt also controls the Sinai Peninsula, which is the land bridge between Africa and Asia and juxtaposes Egypt with Israel.
	www.list.org /~mdoyle/Africa.html (2658 words)

	Challenges and Prospects of Political Liberalization in Egypt - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
		Political parties, when legalized, are highly restricted in their activities.
		The legal framework for NGOs in Egypt is governed by Law No. 84 of 2002, which requires civic associations to register with the Ministry of Social Affairs and opens the possibility of political manipulation by granting the Ministry the right to disband by administrative decree any association deemed to be performing illegal activities.
		Although the party system is fundamentally established and shows a moderate degree of fragmentation, the NDP dominates it with its strong hold over the legislative and the executive branches.
	www.carnegieendowment.org /publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=16809 (1922 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Egypt \| Political wastelands
		UNFC, a coalition of 11 political parties and groups, includes the liberal Wafd, the leftist Tagammu and Nasserist parties, the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood and the Islamist Labour Party, frozen by the government several years ago.
		As the legal opposition parties attempt to come to terms with their losses, spokesperson for Kifaya George Ishaaq insists he is not in the least surprised by the results so far.
		Political parties had already decided on their candidates and it [the Front] was a decision taken from above.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/771/eg9.htm (1341 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Egypt \| Will they run?
		Members of opposition parties also give a long list of impediments, ranging from a serious shortage in funds and human resources to a serious lack of political freedoms and the need for more details on the mechanisms by which the dramatic move announced by Mubarak on Saturday is to be put into effect.
		"Under the current emergency law, political parties are not allowed to hold any public meetings except in the limited space of their headquarters and under the watchful eye of anti-riot police, the sight of which scares away a lot of an already limited audience," complained Hamed Mahmoud, deputy head of the Nasserist Party.
		He contends that "it is too early to say that no opposition party will present a candidate: the decision surprised many people and political party leaders are naturally unprepared." He added that major opposition parties had been campaigning for the amendment of the Constitution.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/732/eg7.htm (1203 words)

	Commentary on the law of political parties
		Nor was there much evidence of new parties based around popular or grass-roots movements; on the whole they represented elements of Yemen's existing political elite - either the establishment elite or those sections of the elite that for one reason or another had become excluded from the establishment.
		The political equation was not changed by them; the elements were all familiar, their strengths and weaknesses understood, even if some of the party names were new.
		Some of the smaller parties detected a more sinister motive, arguing that the registration process (and the subsequent supervision of their finances and internal organisation proposed by the law) was unnecessarily intrusive.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/gov/bwpol.htm (4484 words)

	homepage\North Africa
		Egypt is in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip.
		The capital of Egypt is Cairo, the largest city in Africa and in the Middle East.
		Egypt and Sudan dispute a boundary of barren territory known as the Halaib Triangle.
	www.list.org /~mdoyle/Africa.htm (2530 words)

	The Head Heeb: Lebanese politics for beginners, part 2
		No single party controls more than ten percent of the legislature, parties as a whole have never accounted for more than 30 percent, and the allegiances of most members of parliament are based on personal or sectarian rather than ideological ties.
		Such blocs differ from true political parties, however, in that they are generally not ideologically based, exist in only a single district or group of adjacent districts, and last only for the duration of the campaign.
		Henchag is the party of the Armenian left and the Ramgavar is a third force and the "party of the intellectuals," but all three parties tend to interpret their ideology loosely and support the incumbent government.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/027750.html (9645 words)

	LAWSO 160 Keywords: Egypt: Present Political Regime (38)
		The present political regime of Egypt is outlined in the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, adopted in 1971 and amended in 1980, which proclaimed Egypt as a “democratic, socialist state”.
		Egypt’s political system is reflective of the United States’ system where separate branches of government exercise the executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
		Political parties must be approved by the government, since existing laws prohibit parties along class lines.
	home.earthlink.net /~garrickl/KEY_38.htm (554 words)

	From Plebiscite to Contest? Egypt.s Presidential Election: Appendix
		The Political Parties Court, a special court set up to hear appeals to the committee’s rulings, reversed the committee and granted recognition in eight cases.
		The parties represented in the current People’s Assembly are the NDP (404), al-Wafd (5), al-Tagammu` (6), Democratic Nasirist (1), and al-Ghad (6), along with thirty two independents, ten of whom are appointed by the president.
		Al-WafdParty, the leading nationalist party under the monarchy, was dissolved along with all other political parties by decree of the military junta that took power in 1952.
	hrw.org /backgrounder/mena/egypt0905/4.htm (504 words)

	Egypt - Amnesty International
		The authorities maintained bans on several political parties imposed in previous years and party newspapers remained suspended.
		Several relatives of political prisoners and political activists were detained in connection with the activities of their family members.
		The most common methods reported were electric shocks, beatings, suspension by the wrists or ankles and various forms of psychological torture, including death threats and threats of rape or sexual abuse of the detainee or a female relative.
	web.amnesty.org /report2003/Egy-summary-eng (2059 words)

	Iraqi political groupings and individuals
		For this purpose, presented a list of 4000 recruits to Pentagon officials, of whom 1000 were selected on 17Dec02 to be given military training in Hungary with the U.S. Army's European Command, to provide the basis of a new Iraqi national army.
		Campaigned for liberal democracy, political reform, land reform, progressive taxation and workers' rights, with limited engagement with international issues (though it did organise protests against the Portsmouth treaty, 1948); was part of the national front of 1957 (see ICP notes).
		As communist parties were persecuted, a number of leftists joined the party; in response, Chadirchi urged the party to model itself on the British Labour Party, to distinguish itself from Marxists and radical nationalists.
	middleeastreference.org.uk /iraqiopposition.html (11453 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - EGYPT: Year in Brief 2005 - Chronology of democratic events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This was considered a relatively radical move, breaking political taboos in Egypt.
		This was Egypt's first major public demonstration to call for an end to Mubarak's 24-year rule.
		Political parties must also be at least five years old to nominate candidates.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/2559/1/144 (765 words)

	Iraqi Political Coalitions in the Parliamentary Elections - Council on Foreign Relations
		The party lists are designed to ensure that one-quarter of the parliament's seats are filled by women.
		The UIA is led by two parties: the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), a cleric-led party with close ties to Iran, and the Dawa Party, an Islamist party led by Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari.
		The Iraqi Islamic Party, headed by Tariq al-Hashimi, is loosely associated with the Egypt’s fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood and was the sole Sunni group to participate in January’s elections.
	www.cfr.org /publication/9391/iraqi_political_coalitions_in_the_parliamentary_elections.html?breadcrumb=default (1717 words)

	The Myth of Global Conflict
		The two massacres have their differences: Rwanda in 199394 was a one-party state that had carried out mass indoctrination through absolute control of the mass media; Indonesia in 196566 was a politically fragmented state in which certain factions of the armed forces only gradually took control.
		Malaysian politicians constructed a multiethnic political coalition, which fostered ties between Chinese and Malay leaders and forced political candidates to seek the large middle electoral ground.
		See the penetrating political analyses by Susanne Hoeber Rudolph and Lloyd I. Rudolph in the New Republic, 22 March 1993 and 14 February 1994, and a historical and ethnographic study by Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/bowen.htm (4846 words)

	Governments on the WWW: Political Parties
		Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) [Socialdemocratic Party of Austria]
		Srpska Stranka Republike Srpske [Serbian Party of the Serbian Republic]
		Hrvatska Seljacka Stranka Bosne i Hercegovine (HSS BiH) [Croatian Peasants Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina]
	www.gksoft.com /govt/en/parties.html (2433 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Guide to Iraqi political parties
		Mr Allawi's party, the Iraqi National Accord Movement, is joined by Hamid Musa's Iraqi Communist Party, the Iraqiyun party of former President Ghazi al-Yawer and National Assembly Speaker Hajim al-Hassani, and veteran politician Adnan al-Pachachi's Independent Democrats Grouping.
		The Iraqi Accord Front was founded by three Sunni parties: Mohsen Abd al-Hamid's Iraqi Islamic Party, the General Council for the People of Iraq led by senior Sunni cleric Adnan al-Dulaimi, and the Iraqi National Dialogue Council, a powerful bloc of Sunni parties headed by Khalaf al-Ulayyan.
		The Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc is led by Mishaan al-Juburi, the Sunni Arab head of the Homeland Party.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/4511450.stm (1421 words)

	US still urging reform in Egypt \| csmonitor.com
		But "the liberal parties have very limited inroads in society," says Samer Shehata, a professor of Arab studies at Georgetown University in Washington who is currently writing a book about last year's elections.
		"The political parties are not able for the most part to articulate their concerns in a way that resonates with the people," he adds, "while the Muslim Brotherhood on the other hand does that very well."
		Egypt's opposition still sees Mubarak as the greatest threat to democracy and says that as the Muslim Brotherhood comes out of the shadows it will begin to lose its appeal.
	www.csmonitor.com /2006/0223/p07s02-wome.html (937 words)

	International IDEA \| Possibilities for new Middle East political parties' initiative
		According to a visiting delegation of Members of Parliament from Jordan, these countries are at a suitable stage in their democratic development, and therefore will be relevant for IDEA to consider for in-depth national studies.
		IDEA's political party team suggested to the MPs that apart from a regional dialogue on political parties in the Middle East, a country based approach could be a supplementary option in generating comparative knowledge on political parties in the region.
		IDEA's Middle East political party initiative will build on IDEA's ‘Democracy in the Arab World’ project that oversaw the publication of three reports on political party, electoral processes and women participation in Egypt, Jordan and Yemen in 2005.
	www.idea.int /parties/pp_me_2006.cfm (413 words)

	Political Parties Page
		Socialist Party, USA - The party of labor leader Eugene V. Debs, and Norman Thomas, who was probably America's most prominent socialist, The Socialist Party today is at the forefront of the "new socialist" movement.
		Fatherland Party - Populist party, in coalition with the "All Russia" Party.
		Party of the Hungarian Coalition - Party for the minority Hungarian population.
	home.comcast.net /~nhprman/parties.htm (3424 words)

	Egypt - Education Links
		Notes on Egypt from the Department of State.
		A list of the Cabinet Ministers of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
		The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt
	www.mepc.org /resources_links/Egypt.asp (440 words)

	Political parties, and political groups worldwide
		List of political and non-profit organisations on the Internet, maintained by UC-Berkeley's Centre for Community Economic Research
		Third Parties '96 is a movement to build a new mainstream political party
		The Atlantica Party represents Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /parties.htm (1218 words)

	Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood May Be Model for Islam's Political Adaptation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It is an experiment watched closely not only in Egypt, which has been ruled by a succession of military leaders for more than 50 years, but also around the Middle East, where Islamic political groups are using the wedge of elections to enter mainstream politics.
		It promotes freedom of speech, which means an end to Egypt's quarter-century-old emergency laws that prohibit gatherings of more than five people and permit prosecutions on such vague grounds as besmirching the country's image.
		He pointed out that the group was cooperating with other political parties and pro-democracy movements to forge a strategy of street demonstrations and propaganda to promote reforms.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1572401/posts (3486 words)

	ASSR (Arab Social Science Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Directory lists the results of the last parliamentary elections.
		For a historical overview of political parties in Egypt, see Political Parties in Egypt over 100 Years Old- from Ministry of Information - State Information Center.
		For a list of political parties in the current government, for a list of other political parties in Egypt see The Worldwide Directory of Parties - by Wilfried Derksen.
	www.assr.org /vlibrary/egypt/politics.html (111 words)

	SNP / Treaty / Home - International Campaign to Ban Landmines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This is the list of the 40 countries that have not signed the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty as of 21 Nov 06.
		The 3 that have signed the treaty but not ratified are show in bold.
		These signatory states have made a political commitment to joining the treaty, and they have a legal obligation not to take actions that would violate the treaty.
	www.icbl.org /treaty/snp (92 words)

	Governments on the WWW: Egypt
		Consulate General of Egypt in San Francisco, United States of America
		Embassy of Egypt in Washington, United States of America
		The Political Reference Almanac (by Keynote Publishing Co.)
	www.gksoft.com /govt/en/eg.html (125 words)

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