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Topic: List of rivers of Africa

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	Africa - MSN Encarta
		Central Africa consists of Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and Zambia.
		Africa is surrounded by oceans and seas: the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on the east, the Red Sea on the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea on the north.
		Africa generally consists of a series of flat and gently undulating plateaus occurring at different levels, broken by a few mountainous areas and by the rift valleys of East Africa.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572628/Africa.html (1229 words)

	The Congo Expedition: Africa's Environment in Crisis by Gordy Slack
		Africa is the oldest continent on Earth, having remained in place since the breakup of Pangaea 200 million years ago.
		Areas of greatest crisis are the Guinean forest block of West Africa and the coastal forests that extend down the eastern shores of the Gulf of Guinea.
		Africa's most abundant gorilla is the western lowland gorilla, (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), which lives in the forests with population estimates ranging from 35,000 to 100,000.
	diglib1.amnh.org /articles/Africa/Africa_environment.html (1744 words)

	AFRICA.Arena \| PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Africa's land mass is made up of a simple tectonic plate (some geographers attempt to separate the Rift Valley system from the rest of the continent).
		The rivers are not effective as transportation routes due to the existence of a large amount of rapids and cataracts.
		Africa linked to Asia by an isthmus that was cut into a canal in 1869 (Africa's location between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and its great latitudinal extent constituted a barrier to trade between Europe and Asia).
	web.1asphost.com /siyanbola/Africa/afrmap6.htm (2701 words)

	International Rivers Network: South Africa
		Although Africa’s great rivers are considered "under–dammed" by global standards, the continent’s large dams (more than 1,270 at last count) have consistently been built at the expense of rural communities, who have sacrificed their lands and livelihoods to them yet reaped few benefits.
		Africa’s dams have done considerable social, environmental and economic damage, often with complete disregard for the human rights of dam–affected communities, and have left a trail of "development–induced poverty" in their wake.
		Another case of an unfair allocation of risks and benefits was the proposed Epupa Dam on the Kunene River in Namibia; there, IRN joined forces with local grassroots groups and Himba tribal people to reveal flaws with the project’s EIA, and the huge environmental, economic and social impacts that project would bring.
	www.irn.org /programs/safrica (647 words)

	African Maps \| Map Africa
		Africa Megaflyover is a 2004 account by Michael Fay of the conservation impact of human activity on various parts of Africa.
		Has a map of Africa in the early 1900s showing colonial possessions, a map of the Maji Maji rebellion 1905-1906, boundaries of the former Biafra (Nigeria), Southern Africa 1968-1975, the Chad civil war mid to late 1980s, Sudan civil war 1983.
		Africa is larger than the former Soviet Union yet conventional maps seems to indicate otherwise.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/map.html (6059 words)

	An MBendi Profile: Africa - Overview
		The economic powerhouse of Africa south of the Sahara Desert is South Africa.
		The eastern region of Africa is home to the great wildlife reserves of the Serengeti plains and the Rift Valley lake system which stretch across the countries of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.
		Off the east coast of Africa is the island republic of the Comores, and Madagascar, the world's third largest island with an area of 587,041 square kilometres.
	www.mbendi.co.za /land/af/p0005.htm (1814 words)

	Antique Maps of Africa and South Africa
		One branch of this river has its source in a lake almost within sight of the Atlantic, and another, southern branch is noted as being the Niger.
		A wonderfully decorative map of Africa by Willem (Guilielmus) Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638), the progenitor of the famous Blaeu cartographic firm of Amsterdam.
		The coast of Africa, which was quite well known by the Dutch at this time-as demonstrated by the accurate shape of the continent, is filled with details of bays, capes, rivers and the like.
	www.philaprintshop.com /africa.html (2154 words)

	Salon Travel \| Out of Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I list a few of these here, despite their length, to show you how powerful such an opening is.
		On another level, Africa is being described as it always has been by Westerners, as a dark, unfathomable place that swallows what is human.
		Elspeth Huxley admits in "Four Guineas" (1954) that the "most illuminating" way to travel in Africa is by bus and bicycle but that for reasons of "haste and comfort" she traveled by car and plane instead.
	www.salon.com /travel/feature/1999/07/28/africa/index1.html (1193 words)

	2006 IUCN Red List – Photo Gallery
		The species is listed as Endangered based on its small range area (extent of occurrence less than 5,000 km²), and habitat that is severely fragmented and declining due to clearance of scrub and woodlands, and agricultural encroachment.
		Only three subpopulations are known and much of the habitat of the topotypical subpopulation (currently listed as Critically Endangered) has been dramatically altered and degraded as a result of urbanization and high-density housing developments along the Bronberg Ridge in Tshwane (Pretoria).
		Currently listed as Vulnerable because the species has a very restricted range and it will be vulnerable to any degradation of its habitat, for example through the spread of invasive species.
	www.iucnredlist.org /info/gallery2006.html (1925 words)

	Emerging Water Management Issues
		West Africa has a number of lakes and reservoirs and many rivers and wetlands; descriptive accounts of the region can be found, for example, in Beadle (1981).
		Although the rivers have seasonal pulses of floodwater, most of them have been impounded to form reservoir-type rivers, including 18 projects in the Senegal basin, over 40 in the Niger basin, 20 in the Volta basin, and over 50 in the Chad basin.
		Participants were asked to list the threats to each of their sites and then to rank them in order of importance; overall they ranked changes in water regime as the most important threat in all their sites.
	www.aaas.org /international/africa/ewmi/gordon.htm (2083 words)

	Ivory Coast ( Cote-d'Ivoire ), Travel Guide
		The Republic of the Ivory Coast, on the south coast of the western bulge of Africa, is bordered to the north by Mali and Burkina Faso, to the east by Ghana, to the south the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean and to the west by Liberia and Guinea.
		Except for the prolongation of the Guinea Highlands in the northwest (from Man to Odienne), with peaks rising to 4000 and 5,000ft, the most part the Ivory Coast is vast plateau, tilted gently towards the Atlantic.
		It is drained by four major rivers running roughly parallel from north to south, the Cavally (on the Liberian frontier), Sassandra, Bandama and Comoe.
	www.africaguide.com /country/ivoryc/index.htm (274 words)

	homepage\theory
		Mackinder developed a "pivot area" which was the northern and interior parts of the Eurasian continent where the rivers flow to the Arctic or to salt seas and lakes.
		He believed that with the advent of railroads, this area would be pivotal as it would be easy to defend and hard to conquer.
		Later, he called the pivot area the "Heartland" and devised his famous Heartland Theory: "He who controls the Heartland controls the World Island (Eurasia and Africa); He who controls the World Island, controls the world." Mackinder anticipated that Germany would be a threat to controlling the resources of Eastern Europe and the Heartland.
	www.list.org /~mdoyle/theory.html (1575 words)

	Djenne, Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Djenné, the oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa is situated on the floodlands of the Niger and Bani rivers, 354 kilometers (220 miles) southwest of Timbuktu.
		The city thrived because of its direct connection by river with Timbuktu and from its situation at the head of trade routes leading to gold and salt mines.
		Its use of local materials, such as mud and palm wood, its incorporation of traditional architectural styles, and its adaptation to the hot climate of West Africa are expressions of its elegant connection to the local environment.
	www.sacredsites.com /africa/mali/djenne.html (937 words)

	Travel Guide to Cameroon (Cameroun) - Africa
		The southern region extends from the 226 mile coastline eastward to the Middle Congo Basin between the southern frontier and the Sanaga River.
		The central region extends from the Sanaga River northward to the Benue River and includes the Adamawa Plateau, at elevations of 2,500 ft to 4,500 ft. This is a transitional area where forest gives way to savanna.
		The west is dominated by forested mountains with peaks reaching above 8,000 ft. Of the two main rivers, the Benue is navigable several months during the year, and the Sanaga is not navigable.
	www.africaguide.com /country/cameroon/index.htm (241 words)

	The Black Commentator - The real U.S policy in Africa - Issue 50
		United States policy towards sub-Saharan Africa has been consistent since August of 1960, when President Eisenhower ordered his national security team to arrange the assassination of Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba.
		U.S. policy in Africa is anything but “incoherent.” Rather, too many of us have “looked away” from the clear pattern of U.S. behavior and intent — a ferocious, bipartisan determination to arrest African development at every opportunity and by all possible means — including the death of millions.
		Uganda’s list of “proxy” Congolese ethnic armies reaches into every corner of Ituri province, where “combatantshave slaughtered some five thousand civilians in the last year because of their ethnic affiliation,” according to a Human Rights Watch report.
	www.blackcommentator.com /50/50_cover_africa.html (2152 words)

	PBS - Bill Moyers Reports: Earth on Edge - Freshwater Ecosystems
		All of South Africa draws its water from rivers that flow out of just a few mountain ranges.
		Sparse rainfall on the mountains used to be channeled through rivers and streams to the lowlands.
		But when the colonists arrived, preferring the forested landscapes of home, they planted non-native trees, mostly pine and eucalyptus, which have now invaded the mountainous regions and are soaking up billions of gallons of water that once filled streambeds.
	www.pbs.org /earthonedge/ecosystems/freshwater.html (228 words)

	Maps and Map terms
		The blank maps of Africa and Asia are for you to print out to help you study.
		The plain blank maps show the current political boundaries of countries in Africa and Asia, and so help you to see how imperialism has long political legacies in the world.
		The blank map of Africa in 1914 is the map found on p.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c016003d/Assignments/MapsMapTerms/MapsandMapterms.htm (319 words)

	Africa - Tsetse Flies
		List some of the countries in Africa that are affected by the tsetse fly.
		Sleeping sickness is sometimes mistakenly considered to be a disease of the past, but its prevalence is actually increasing in many areas of Africa.
		This disease is called sleeping sickness because in the advanced stages, when the trypanosomes have invaded the central nervous system, the victim is mostly comotose and soon falls into a coma and dies.
	www.uen.org /utahlink/activities/view_activity.cgi?activity_id=3023 (688 words)

	International Rivers Network
		Please note that all lists are moderated and that we will not sell or pass on your e–mail address to anyone.
		This list provides information on issues of global significance relating to dams and alternatives to dams.Emails will include relevant articles, press releases, and action alerts.
		This list generates approximately one message per week from December through March, with occasional additional messages throughout the year.
	www.irn.org /index.php?id=sub/lists.html (371 words)

	Lesson Plans - Life on the Rivers of Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Using the Ganges, Yangtze, and Mekong as primary examples of Asian rivers, students will consider the immediate influence of the rivers in the lives of the people who live along them, as well as the larger influence of the rivers on the regions in which they exist.
		Ask students to find the source (or beginning) of each of the three rivers and then trace their paths to the mouths (where the river feeds into a body of water) on a map of Asia.
		Tell students that they will be creating their river scene by drawing the background of their river environment on the diorama, and they'll show how they live on the river by creating pop-up visuals which are glued to the base of the diorama.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /xpeditions/lessons/04/gk2/liferiver.html (1078 words)

	[No title]
		Mostly written while Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years on Robben Island by South Africa's apartheid regime.
		A sweeping narrative of European exploitation of Africa.
		As one who yearns to "contribute" to Africa in a positive way, this book has made me pause and do some serious soul-searching.
	www.sover.net /~philbin/africa_reading_list.htm (312 words)

	GORP - Africa - International Parks
		- This"place of dry water" is one of the great game viewing spots in Africa -- and much less trafficked than its cousins to the east and south.
		- all about South Africa's amazing national park and nature reserves, along with descriptions of some of the country's great hikes.
		- One of the hidden jewels of Africa, the Luangwa is big game country and renowned for walking safaris.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_national_park/intlpk_africa.htm (245 words)

	Africa Travel & Africa Vacation Discount Bookings
		Diverse Africa: Egypt and Kenya - 10 Nights/11 Days, US$ 1491/person:- This tour gives you two very different experiences of Africa: the Ancient civilization of Egypt and the classic African safari ….
		When we contacted ASTA regarding Africa Point, and were informed that the company was legitimate and had no negative reports, our initial concerns were resolved and we purchased our tour to Egypt through them that we will remember for a lifetime...
		See the wildlife East Africa is famed for, and the primates in particular.
	www.africapoint.com (579 words)

	Arn Information Page
		African Rivers Network (ARN) is a network that brings together African countries advocating for sustainable utilization of African water resources.
		The list is for discussion of dam related activities in the Africa region.
		This is also a hidden list, which means that the list of members is available only to the list administrator.
	lists.kabissa.org /mailman/listinfo/arn (1017 words)

	Africa Chapter 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You are to read the following profiles (Economy of Africa and Sub-Sahara Africa economic information), view the chart; take the virtual fieldtrip and write a 250 word summary on the economics and life of Africa.
		Look through the list and attempt to identify the 10 most common minerals and use this link to explain how they are used.
		From this link of minerals imported to the United States, list the minerals and the African countries that the United States imports the minerals from.
	www.weatherly.k12.pa.us /Geography/chapter14geo.htm (544 words)

	Amazon.com: Jah Son of Africa: Music: U-Roy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The album, "Jah Son of Africa" was the first reggae D.J. ina dub style record I ever purchased.
		I bought at record shack in Kingston in 1978, just as U-Roy launched his Stur-Gav sound system which was bringing the message of dread to the youth, dance hall by dance hall, all over the island.
		Two of those cuts "Tom Drunk" and "Africa For Africans" are standouts on an album where each selection is a stone cold reggae classic.
	www.amazon.com /Jah-Son-Africa-U-Roy/dp/B00004W1DU (988 words)

	Africa Environment and Conservation on the Internet
		Based in South Africa (branch in Namibia), environmental issues such as toxic waste dumping in South Africa, air polllution, nuclear reactors, gill nets, the Nigerian Ogoni struggle, animals rights, flouridation.
		As the gatekeeper to the Congo Basin, Cameroon is an important indicator for the future of the entire region." "Samuel Nguiffo, 33, directs the Center for Environment and Development (CED) in Cameroon's capital, Yaounde.
		It's Africa section covers: Country Environmental Data (statistics for each African country), watershed maps, the Central African Regional Program for the Environment, Abidjan: A Portrait of the African Urban Experience, On-Farm Landrace Conservation and Enhancement in Ethiopia, the Guesselbodi National Forest, Niger, and Nigeria's Community Banks.
	library.stanford.edu /africa/eco.html (7122 words)

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