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Topic: List of rulers of Brandenburg

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	Brandenburg-Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brandenburg-Prussia was a state formed in 1618 when the Duchy of Prussia came under the control of the House of Hohenzollern, who also were the rulers of Brandenburg.
		Anna, daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia, married Margrave John Sigismund of Brandenburg, who was granted the right of succession to the Duchy of Prussia, on his father-in-law's death in 1618.
		By this the Duchy of Prussia came under the rule of the Electors of Brandenburg, but the duchy continued to be a fief under the Polish Crown till 1657.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia (326 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		A list of geographical names in rulers' titles might not be a list of their actual possessions.
		The rulers of the European monarchies, which appeared in the 19th and the 20th centuries (Greece, Belgium, Serbia, Rumania, Bulgaria and Albania, etc.) had only one, the Short, form of their titles.
		In 1870 all the German rulers but the Emperor of Austria, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the Prince of Liechtenstein, recognized the King of Prussia as the German Emperor.
	www.geocities.com /eurprin (1562 words)

	List of rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of the rulers of the Margravate of Brandenburg, of the Kingdom of Prussia, which developed out of it, and of the Republic of Prussia.
		Margraves of Brandenburg and Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, 1323/1356-1701
		Kings in Prussia, Margraves of Brandenburg, and Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, 1701-1772
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Kings_of_Prussia (260 words)

	Prussia
		With the exception of Prussia, all of Brandenburg's lands were a part of the Holy Roman Empire, by this time under the all but hereditary nominal rule of the House of Habsburg.
		In 1740, Frederick II (more commonly known as Frederick the Great) came to the throne and invaded Silesia, a province of Austria which was in turmoil after the death of the Emperor Charles VI.
		The invasion was the first shot of the War of the Austrian Succession (Silesia was to have passed to the rulers of Brandenburg on the extinction of its Piast dynasty according to a bilateral arrangement of 1537, subsequently vetoed by the Emperor Ferdinand I).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pr/Prussia.html (2293 words)

	Albert I of Brandenburg - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1128 his brother-in-law, Henry II, who was margrave of a small area on the Elbe called the Saxon Northern March, died, and Albert, disappointed at not receiving this fief himself, attacked Udo, the heir, and was consequently deprived of Lusatia by Lothar.
		Taking the title "Margrave of Brandenburg", he pressed the "crusade" against the Wends, extended the area of his mark, encouraged German migration, established bishoprics under his protection, and so became the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157, which his heirs—the Ascanians—held until the line died out in 1320.
		A feud with Henry's son, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, was interrupted, in 1158, by a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and in 1162 Albert accompanied the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to Italy, where he distinguished himself at the storming of Milan.
	albertiofbrandenburg.quickseek.com (564 words)

	About The church, Catholic and Early Christian, Information about Pope John Paul II and Benedict XVI
		With this object in view he put forward the principle of royal supremacy, according to which the king or prince was to be recognised as the head of the church in his own territories, and the source of all spiritual jurisdiction.
		The attitude of the three ecclesiastical electors in 1455, the complaints of the clergy in 1479, and the list of /Gravamina/ presented to Maximilian in 1510 were harbingers of the revolution that was to come.
		As a secular ruler he would have stood incomparably higher than any of the contemporary sovereigns of Europe, but he was out of place considerably as the head of a great religious organisation.
	aboutthechurch.com /page2.php (16820 words)

	The Last years of the Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		List of the Reigning Houses and Rulers in 1792-1815
		By the provision of the Final Recess of the Imperial Deputation (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss) (February 1803) the secular rulers, which have the status of Imperial Estate, were compensated with the secularized ecclesiastical territories and territories of the Imperial free cities.
		The restored rulers, both princes and - the Counts, were to receive at least the same status as Imperial and Imperial Circle estates they had as owners the lost territories.
	www.geocities.com /vrozn/last.html (1104 words)

	PageR.html
		List And Brief History of the German States, Grand Duchies, Principalities, etc before 1806 continued......
		The rulers were Princes von Reuss who were Lutherans.
		From 1816 to 1952 it was a Lankreis in Brandenburg......
	www.remmick.org /Remmick.German.Facts/PageR.html (1110 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
		A skeleton for history of rulers, with maps and genealogies, provides a perspective of time and space, and on real individuals whom we know about, that is otherwise hard to obtain.
		The arrangement of these lists thus follows Bryce's principle of universalist ideology, centering on Rome but extending to similar to ideas outside of the Roman world.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (3021 words)

	Pretenders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Regnal Chronologies website is a compilation of rulers who actually governed the states listed, or, at least were officially the Heads of Government, albeit under a regency or combatting opposition from a rebel.
		By later Russian succession laws, the list from Daniel could plausibly be argued as the legitimate successors to that vast family, albeit the fact that there are a number of younger branches of the Ruriks still in existence.
		She was the effective ruler of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden until her death in 1412.
	www.hostkingdom.net /pretends.html (6464 words)

	WHAT IS TRUTH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Everyone on the public list was allowing his name and address.
		According to this citation, Brandenburg does not believe what any one else ever taught is important, but then in the "press release" attempts to attach himself to Cedarholm." I don’t have to attempt to attach myself to Dr. Cedarholm.
		In Mark 1, Mark encapsulates the work of the Lord Jesus Christ as: "Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel" (vv.
	www.kentbrandenburg.blogspot.com (8742 words)

	Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Brandenburg, Rügen and Vorpommern were ethnic Slavic lands till late 11th century.
		Poland was left without a separate ruler (even a foreign one) during the last period of Russian domination, when even the grandduchy status was abolished; before that the Russian czar accumulated the title of Grandduke of Poland, entiled to the referred arms.
		However, the Russian imperial CoA did show the polish ineschuteon (placed on the top of the dexter wing of the eagle, which may substantiate this claim: Though Poland was not administratively autonomous from other parts of the russian empire, the czar did retain the title and the arms in use.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/pl.html (2718 words)

	Index Ca-Ce
		In the late 1960s Cabral was the de facto ruler of the parts of Portuguese Guinea not occupied by army units from Portugal.
		February 1883), ruler (Vunivalu) of Bau (1852-74), president of the General Assembly of the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti (1865-67), king of Bau (1867-69) and of Viti (1871-74).
		On the other hand, the Iron Guard, an equally anti-Semitic and conspiratorial body guilty of a long list of political assassinations, seemed almost certain to be returned in such a strength as to entitle it to office.
	www.rulers.org /indexc1.html (19006 words)

	Ezion-Geber's Home Page - Preussen Gloria - Prussia, the Attributes of the Prussian Soul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I furthermore guarantee that if you were to write down a list of what it is to be "Prussian", as you have been educated by the liberal media, that it will be divorced from the truth by at least 80%.
		And such was Prussia, in the early days, a little Protestant island in a huge Catholic sea, it is understandable that its rulers would resort to poltical expediency to ensure it survival...
		A considerable French colony grew up in Brandenburg and as a result of which names like La Motte-Fouqué, Fontane and Le Coq Devrient came to occupy an honourable place in the annals of Prussia.
	www.nccg.org /ezion_geber/preussen4.html (594 words)

	To Tell the Truth? The East German Literary Debate. Probe the predicament GDR authors currently face. By Monica Munn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The list ranges from "A"—for the Apothekenmuseum (Apothecary Museum) in Heidelberg—to "Z" for the Zinnfigurenmuseum (Tin Figures Museum) in Kulmbach.
		In 1524, the dukes of Brandenburg and Thuringia decided to draw a border along the Tannbach brook that runs through the hamlet.
		Although nowadays Mödlareuth burghers can again visit their friends and relatives on either side of the line with ease, a 700-meter-long section of the wall was preserved, and to it were added other elements of East German border fortifications—a restored watchtower, guard bunkers, the wire mesh fence, death strip, and alarm systems.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1996/9604_02.html (5380 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - The Brandenburg Virus
		Brandenburg was but a small territory in those days, surrounded by dozens of other lands, all with rulers determined to extend their domains at the expense of their neighbors.
		Since Brandenburg had only a few warships, Friedrich decided not to participate actively in the war, and had only to fight off an abortive Burgundian invasion of Mecklenburg in 1436.
		It was increasingly clear that a small nation such as Magdeburg could not long maintain its independence surrounded by larger states with ambitious rulers, and so Johann of Magdeburg agreed to the incorporation of his lands into Brandenburg.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=132946 (5457 words)

	Chatter - Chicago Coin Club - November, 2002
		In order for the ruler's subjects to accomplish this, they would have to go to the potentate or his representatives, and exchange pure specie at full weight for the slightly lighter coins.
		One of the largest expenditures for a ruler was his military activity, from the labor for construction of fortifications, timber for war-galleys, to the support of of a standing army, meaning mercenaries.
		So I'm claiming the original incentive might have been the rulers to make some profit from the use of coins, but the people who got the ball rolling in a real way were the upper classes and merchants.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /chatter/2002/Nov (6950 words)

	Palace Wittelsbach
		Welcome to Palace Wittelsbach, a website dedicated to the family that ruled Bavaria from 1180 until 1918 as dukes, electors and kings while a second branch of the family served as dukes and/or electorial princes in both the Rhine and Upper Palatinates from 1214 until 1777.
		In that year the bavarian line died out which left Karl Theodor the ruler of both the Electorate of Bavaria and the Duchy of Julich-Berg with it's capitol in Dusseldorf.
		In addition, Sweden (twice), Hungary, Greece, Norway, Brandenburg, Bohemia, Holland, Tyrol, Denmark, Cologne and Salzburg (among others) have all had a Wittelsbach monarch at some time and point in their history.
	groups.msn.com /PalaceWittelsbach (284 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The small portion in the Czech is joined with Moravia to form the Moravian-Silesian Region of that country while the Görlitz now is a part of the German of Saxony.
		In the 9th and 10th centuries the later called Silesia was subject to the Moravian and then Bohemian rulers of the neighbouring area covered today's Czech Republic to the south.
		In 1537 the rulers of Brandenburg and Silesia concluded an inheritance treaty it was vetoed by the emperor Ferdinand I
	www.freeglossary.com /Silesia (1830 words)

	Albert of Prussia - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Born at Ansbach on May 16, 1490, he was intended for the church, and spent some time at the court of Hermann, elector of Cologne, who appointed him canon in his cathedral.
		Duke Albrecht's Titles (on his proclamation of 1561, Koenigsberg): Albrecht the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg, in Prussia, Stettin in Pomerania Duke of the Cassuben (Kashubs) and Wends, Burggrave of Nuremberg and Count of Ruegen etc.
		The Habsburg rulers of the Holy Roman Empire continued to claim the office of Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights as administrators of Prussia.
	albertofprussia.quickseek.com (1004 words)

	Germany Info: Culture & Life: History: Features: Prussia
		Perhaps less well known are the ideals of religious and ethnic tolerance and intellectual exchange furthered by early Prussian rulers such as Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620-1688), Frederick William I (1713-1740), and the ever-popular Frederick the Great (1740-1786).
		At the same time that the Prussian kings were building up military power, they also opened Prussia's borders to immigrants fleeing from religious persecution in other parts of Europe.
		He introduced a general civil code abolishing torture and establishing the principle that the crown would not interfere with matters of justice.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/culture/history/prussia.html (468 words)

	Hessen-Kassel Article
		Charles's chief claim to remembrance is that he was the first ruler to adopt the system of hiring his soldiers out to foreign powers as mercenaries, as a means of improving the national finances.
		Rulers: Joachim Ruhl, 1591-1606; Otto of Hesse-Cassel, 1606-1617; Wilhelm II of Hesse-Cassel, 1617-1627; Imperial Occupation, 1627-1631; Wilhelm II of Hesse-Cassel, 1631-1637; Hermann III of Hesse-Cassel, 1637-1648.
		The eldest son would henceforth inherit the entire landgraviate, it no longer could be divided amongst all the heirs.
	www.vondonop.org /hessen-kassel.html (1844 words)

	Central Europe (including Germany), 1600-1800 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Encouraged by the Habsburgs in their efforts to convert the largely Protestant Hungarian population, the Jesuits launch another program of artistic patronage in the 1740s, when they commission ceiling frescoes and altarpieces by Paul Troger (1698–1762), the most celebrated painter in Vienna at that time.
		Under his leadership, Prussian armies repeatedly triumph, leaving him in a position to challenge the authority of the Habsburg emperors to whom he is nominally subject.
		The much-diminished territory of Poland is divided among the rulers of Russia, Prussia, and the Habsburg empire after generations of constant warfare and government by ineffectual kings, many of them puppets of the stronger surrounding states.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/09/euwc/ht09euwc.htm (3677 words)

	XXX. INTERFERENCE WITH THE STRUCTURE OF PRICES: The Government and the Autonomy of the Market
		failure was in full agreement with the ideas held by the rulers and the masses.
		Rulers do not like to admit that their power is restricted by any laws other than those of physics and biology.
		It was an unbearable idea to those professors that their lofty idols, the Hohenzollern Electors of Brandenburg and Kings of Prussia, should have lacked omnipotence.
	www.mises.org /humanaction/chap30sec1.asp (2039 words)

	Scientific Revolution - Westfall Catalogue - SAM-T-U - Dr Robert A. Hatch
		The level was filled with alcohol and mounted on a stone ruler fitted with a viewing lens.
		Trulli appears here in the lists of papal physicians; because the prose accounts end with the early 17th century, there is no account of him in Marini.
		The Elector of Brandenburg offered him the position of Chancellor at the University of Halle with a salary of 3000 taler, trying not only to win him for Halle but also to obtain his potentially lucrative porcellain techniques.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/resource-ref-read/major-minor-ind/westfall-dsb/SAM-T-U.htm (16197 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It realy consisted of two distinct classes-- the rulers and the ruled.
		III No. 1 A list of lands and town and city lots, situated in the County of Kankakee and State of Illinois, upon which the taxes and special assessments for the year 1883, and back taxes for the year 1882, and previous years remain due and unpaid.
		Explanation of abbreviations--n stands for north, 3 for east, s for south, w for west, q for quarter, h for half, a for acres, rr for railroad, ex for except, cor for corner, pt for part, frl for fractional, r for road, SH for school house, cen for center, und for undivided, vil for village.
	www.kvgs.org /theakiki/tkkv3n2.txt (4364 words)

	Abridged List of Rulers: Europe \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The list that follows is meant as a complement to the Timeline of Art History, not as a comprehensive historical reference.
		The names of numerous princes who ruled smaller states are not to be found here, nor are the names of many pretenders, regents, and fully legitimate monarchs whose reigns were short or ambitions otherwise stifled.
		The abridged list includes above all those kings and queens whose rule affected the arts of Europe in important ways and whose names are most commonly raised in art historical discussion.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/euru/hd_euru.htm (461 words)

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