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Topic: List of unsolved problems

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Unsolved problems in mathematics

Unsolved problems in cognitive science

Complexity classes P and NP

Unsolved problems in biology

Unsolved problems in physics

List of reference tables

Unsolved problems in governance

Generalized star height problem

Lists of articles by category

Galaxy rotation problem

Quantum computer

Unsolved problems in neuroscience

Problem of induction

Unsolved problems in Egyptology

Accretion disc

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	2007 Joint Meeting
		For all of these reasons, a series of morning sessions on the topic of unsolved problems and unmet needs were held at the 2006 ISMRM Meeting in Seattle.
		Objectives: Unsolved problems and unmet needs will again be addressed at the 2007 ISMRM meeting in Berlin, this time in one afternoon session.
		Since unsolved problems may often be controversial, the sessions will also be an opportunity for lively and reasoned debate.
	www.ismrm.org /07/UnsolvedProblems.htm (867 words)

	List of reference tables
		List of standards topics (these could easily be cross-referenced under other relevant categories as well)
		List of size, measurement and conversions topics[?] (these could easily be cross-referenced under other relevant categories as well)
		List of abbeys and priories: Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/Lists.html (444 words)

	Scalp Problems
		Unsolved problems in physics 3: utstanding problems in physics.
		Unsolved problems in mathematics 1: currently ''' List of unsolved problems unsolved problems in mathematics '''.
		List of unsolved problems 2: This is a list of lists of '''unsolved problems ''' in various subjects: 4: * Unsolved problems in mathematics 5: * Unsolved problems in physics 6: * Unsolved problems in chemistry 7: * Unsolved problems in biology
	www.lottery-news.net /dust12788-scalp_problems.html (557 words)

	Top Scientific Visualization Research Problems - Feature Story - Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute
		Perhaps the most famous list of unsolved problems is David Hilbert’s list of 23 problems that he proposed in 1900.
		While I believe Hibbard’s list to be an important beginning—and while I also note that some of the items in Sutherland’s original 1966 list are still unsolved and reappear on my list—I also believe it is important to refresh these lists regularly and to add new viewpoints with regard to visualization research problems and issues.
		To be clear, the items on my list are not all "problems"; some are possible "directions" (such as items 8 and 10) and some pertain to "best practices" (such as items 1 and 2).
	www.sci.utah.edu /stories/2005/spr_visproblems.html (3627 words)

	Generation5 Forum - unsolved problems in AI
		You said unsolved problems but here is unlimited unsolved problems actually this is not a programing language this is concepts.
		Anyway, if you like to know what are the unsolved problems, takw a general AI book and read it from beginning to end.
		Yes MKAI there are lots of problems that could be solved by AI, but be cautious because they would need to be productive and represent some costs savings to be useful.
	www.generation5.org /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=140 (743 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - List of holy grails
		Many scientific problems once considered holy grails have now been conquered, most strikingly the sequencing of the human genome which has in turn inspired new quests of equally daunting magnitude.
		Some quests such as achieving a room temperature superconductor are sustained efforts that inch tantalizingly closer with each new result, while other quests await a shocking bolt from the blue.
		The following is a list of (predicted) inventions or discoveries that are considered "holy grails", arranged by scientific field.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=List_of_holy_grails (348 words)

	Open Problems :: Research
		An open problem is a problem that can be formally stated and for which a solution is known to exist but which has not yet been solved.
		Millennium Prize Problems - The seven problems proposed by the Clay Mathematics Institute: P versus NP; Hodge Conjecture; Poincaré Conjecture; Riemann Hypothesis; Yang-Mills Existence and Mass Gap; Navier-Stokes Existence and Smoothness; Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture.
		Unsolved Problem of the Week Archive - A list of unsolved problems published by MathPro Press during 1995.
	science.gourt.com /Math/Research/Open-Problems.html (257 words)

	[No title]
		Newsgroups: sci.math Subject: Re: Hilbert's problems Date: 7 Jan 1995 06:18:33 GMT Here is a brief list of 22 of David Hilbert's 23 problems, apparently first published in 1901 (sorry for the omission, but my source apparently has a rather large typo--one problem is flat out missing).
		The basic list was extracted from "The Harper Collins Dictionary of Mathematics", and I've added details and explanations where possible based on reference materials at hand.
		I assume that "variational problem" refers to problems in the calculus of variations based on their highlighting of the phrase, which leads back to the calculus of variations only.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/95/hilb.list (2197 words)

	Unsolved problems in physics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of some of the unsolved problems in physics.
		Some of these problems are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining some observed phenomenon or experimental result.
		List of links to unsolved problems in physics, prizes and research.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unsolved_problems_in_physics (1190 words)

	Digg - List of All Unsolved Problems
		This list doesn't even mention the problem of coming up with an exhaustive list of all unsolved problems.
		The problem raises fundamental issues in epistemology and the philosophy of mind, and was widely discussed after Locke included it in the second edition of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
		Oddly enough, the philosophical problem "The problem of evil" is perhaps the worlds most obvious non-problem- yet it seems to crop up in just about every philosophical discussion of spirituality.
	www.digg.com /offbeat_news/List_of_All_Unsolved_Problems (1772 words)

	ISMRM 14th Scientific Meeting & Exhibition
		The submission deadline and procedure for these "unsolved problems" abstracts is separate from those of the regular ISMRM abstracts.
		We are pleased to announce a new initiative to be launched at the 2006 ISMRM meeting in Seattle, to highlight unsolved problems and unmet needs in magnetic resonance.
		Online submissions on important problems and needs will be solicited, and approximately ten of these submissions will be selected for presentation over the course of four mornings.
	www.ismrm.org /06/UnsolvedCall06.htm (827 words)

	Open problem Information
		An open problem is a problem that can be formally stated and for which a solution is known to exist but which has not yet been solved.
		It is common in graduate schools to point out open problems to students.
		However, Fermat's last theorem and the Four color theorem are two notable open problems that have been closed or solved by faculty members, as they would have more expertise and resources than students.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Open_problem (103 words)

	13 things that do not make sense - space - 19 March 2005 - New Scientist Space
		This "horizon problem" is a big headache for cosmologists, so big that they have come up with some pretty wild solutions.
		A variation in the speed of light could also solve the horizon problem - but this too is impotent in the face of the question "why?" In scientific terms, the uniform temperature of the background radiation remains an anomaly.
		But to get to the bottom of the problem what scientists really need is a mission designed specifically to test unusual gravitational effects in the outer reaches of the solar system.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/space/mg18524911.600 (4157 words)

	The Math Forum - Math Library - Problems/Puzzles
		Informal notes by Kevin Brown: an elementary list of unsolved problems - elementary because no special background is required to understand them, and "unsolved" because Brown doesn't know the answers, they've been posted on the newsgroup sci.math, and no one has answered them.
		Each problem has a symbol indicating the stage, which tells you how little or how much mathematics you need to know to solve the problem but is no indication of its difficulty.
		Problems in algebra, geometry, conversion, cryptarithm, "mean," trigonometry, and a mixture of all, many with comments and solutions, from a course given in the Dept. of Mathematics Education at the University of Georgia.
	mathforum.org /library/selected_sites/problems_puzzles.high.html (1914 words)

	Unsolved Problems in OR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Unsolved Problems in OR Unsolved Problems in OR This page contains a list of open problems that I find intriguing.
		But these are problems that are easy to state and understand, but whose solution has defied the efforts of good researchers over a number of years.
		Most of these problems are in the realm of stochastic optimization.
	www.statslab.cam.ac.uk /~rrw1/research/unsolved.html (129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1900, David Hilbert produced a list of 23 unsolved problems in mathematics that he thought would shape the future century of mathematics.
		And, because these problems were on his list, they did profoundly affect mathematics during the next century.
		Its aim is to provide some historical and philosophical commentary about the role of Hilbert's famous problems in mathematics and science and then to explain two of the most intriguing (and popular) Millennium Problems to a general scientific audience.
	php.aaas.org /meetings/MPE_01.php?detail=807 (210 words)

	Hilbert's Problems -- from Wolfram MathWorld
		In particular, the problems presented by Hilbert were 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 19, 21, and 22 (Derbyshire 2004, p.
		Furthermore, the final list of 23 problems omitted one additional problem on proof theory (Thiele 2001).
		Hilbert's problems were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathematics.
	mathworld.wolfram.com /HilbertsProblems.html (932 words)

	AAA Lecture November 3 on Liquid
		Claiming that physics is in a crisis because the five big physics problems scientists were grappling with 30 years ago remain unsolved, Lee Smolin, theoretical physicist at the Perimeter Institute in Canada, said in a September 25 Hayden lecture, "It's unprecedented...
		First on Smolin's list of unsolved problems in the thorny one of unifying quantum theory with gravity.
		While quantum mechanics is concerned with atoms, radiation and elementary particles, Smolin said Einstein viewed gravity as as "aspect of the geometry of space and time, and that geometry is made up of relationships that are ever-changing and dynamical," dealing with such cosmological phenomena as the Big Bang, expanding universe, fl holes and gravity waves.
	www.aaa.org /aaaeye0611art1.htm (549 words)

	List of unsolved problems in Egyptology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The following are unsolved problems in Egyptology and modern knowledge of ancient Egypt.
		The items are in the form of a list of unsolved problems and includes a list of ancient Egypt mysteries.
		Furthermore, there are internal problems of overall cohesion of various dynasties and there are problems reconciling the Egyptian civilization with other concurrent civilizations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unsolved_problems_in_Egyptology (1018 words)

	Unsolved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Unsolved Problem 13: (Rational Distances to the Vertices of a Square)
		Unsolved Problem 26: (Inscribing a Square in a Curve)
		Unsolved Problem 27: (Factorial that are one less than a Square)
	mcraefamily.com /MathHelp/PuzzleUnsolved.htm (1888 words)

	Amazon.com: Unsolved Problems in Geometry (Problem Books in Mathematics / Unsolved Problems in Intuitive Mathematics): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mathematicians and non-mathematicians alike have long been fascinated by geometrical problems, particularly those that are intuitive in the sense of being easy to state, perhaps with the aid of a simple diagram.
		The range of problems that fall under the geometric umbrella is extremely wide and some even have practical uses.
		Every problem is followed by a list of references, so if you wish to take a crack at it, you will have little difficulty in locating the work done to the date of publication.
	www.amazon.com /Unsolved-Problems-Geometry-Mathematics-Intuitive/dp/0387975063 (1082 words)

	SIGGRAPH 98 Keynote Address
		What's interesting about this list is he's again getting into the area not so much of how to do something at all but how to do something practically and fast, and, you know, in a production sort of environment rather than just showing feasibility only.
		But, these are problems that nobody had in their list and, maybe, it means that nobody thought they were worth solving, but, any event, let's march forward here.
		Problems with dealing with quantized pixels, when you have either eight or even as few as five bits per pixel, doing the arithmetic properly is important, but maybe not that important.
	www.siggraph.org /s98/conference/keynote/blinn.html (7365 words)

	Social Science Statistics Blog: The Poincaré Conjecture
		Of course it is unclear whether we have a David Hilbert-like figure to say "As long as a branch of science offers an abundance of problems, so is it alive" and then to go on and identify the 23 most important unsolved problems (the 1900 "Hilbert Challenge":).
		They would be problems about the infrastructure of how sociology thought about or studied problems, and not about problems in the social world itself.
		If you think of any problem that can be put in the list of such kind, do let me know!maybe I'll even join in composing such a list.
	www.iq.harvard.edu /blog/sss/archives/2006/08/the_poincare_co_1.shtml (862 words)

	perplexus.info :: forums
		I was looking at the list of unsolved problems and noticed that they are in no particular arranged order(at least none i noticed).
		I think that one use of the unsolved list is to give recent problems a good airing and thus a fair chance of being discussed and solved, so why not enhance this benefit by putting them at the top of the list?
		As an example, I think that Charlie's chess problem missed out (or rather we missed out on it) because it only spent a short time as 'Latest' during which no comments were posted, so nobody saw it on the 'New Comments' list.
	perplexus.info /forum.php?fid=5&tid=48 (524 words)

	List of open problems in computer science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		P is the class of problems whose solution can be found in polynomial time.
		NP is the class of problems whose solution can be found in polynomial time with a non-deterministic algorithm or, equivalently, whose solution can be deterministically verified in polynomial time.
		This problem is fundamentally equivalent to scheduling instructions in a superscalar computer, and to scheduling parallel tasks systems optimally in a multiprocessor with 3 processors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unsolved_problems_in_computer_science (591 words)

	Open Problems
		These are open problems that I've encountered in the course of my research.
		A name in brackets is the first person to describe the problem to me; this may not be original source of the problem.
		Problems in bold are described in more detail than the others, and are probably easier to understand without a lot of background knowledge.
	compgeom.cs.uiuc.edu /~jeffe/open (454 words)

	414298141056 Quarto Draws Suffice!
		This question was first posted on the Internet in early 1993, but was evidently just outside the range of a brute-force search on the typical personal computer at that time.
		Another interesting aspect of Ian's result is the comparison with a "probabilistic" estimate for the solution of the complete quarto problem.
		I also recieved other purported solutions to this problem, but most of them were clearly wrong.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath352.htm (1658 words)

	Unsolved Mysteries in 1D Constant Acceleration
		A list under construction of example problems which could use these solutions can be found here.
		If you come up with the first closed-form solutions seen (by us) for any of the (presently 10 of) 31 input combinations still in parentheses in our "remain to be found" tables here, we'll post your solution (if it is manageable), and credit you as well for sending it in.
		Hence the problem may have to be worked in that given kinematic, rather than in a kinematic of choice.
	newton.umsl.edu /~philf/unsolved.html (848 words)

	A List of Unsolved Problems in Physics for the 21st Century
		Some of them aren't even recognized currently as problems, and some are not appreciated as being problems as such, or otherwise as problems which Physics can address.
		The problem is that the statement P(E) = 1/2 allows for ANY outcome for a series or repeated trials of event E. A statement cannot be falsified by what it says is possible.
		The problem is that there is no such principle; and no occurrence of "Causality" exists at the foundation of any physical theory.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2000-08/msg0027202.html (3622 words)

	Unsolved Problems -- from Wolfram MathWorld
		proposed a list of 23 outstanding problems in mathematics (Hilbert's problems, a number of which have now been solved, but some of which remain open.
		Classic texts on unsolved problems in various areas of mathematics are Croft et al.
		Meschkowski, H. Unsolved and Unsolvable Problems in Geometry.
	mathworld.wolfram.com /UnsolvedProblems.html (471 words)

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