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Topic: List of volcanic eruption deaths

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	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanic Activity Reports \| SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eruptions at Kilauea originate primarily from the summit caldera or along one of the lengthy E and SW rift zones that extend from the caldera to the sea.
		Historical eruptions have consisted of smaller tephra eruptions and emission of numerous natrocarbonatitic lava flows on the floor of the summit crater.
		Long-term small-to-moderate ash eruptions beginning in that year were later accompanied by lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows that forced evacuation of the southern half of the island and ultimately destroyed the capital city of Plymouth, causing major social and economic disruption.
	www.volcano.si.edu /reports/usgs (3349 words)

	[No title]
		The eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 started with a relatively small volcanic earthquake that caused collapse of the north side of the volcano because it was oversteepened and therefore unstable.
		Magma is molten rock containing dissolved gases that are released to the atmosphere during an eruption and while the magma lies close to the surface from hydrothermal systems.
		An rare case of mass deaths by volcanic gases in 1986 at Lake Nyos, in Cameroon, West Africa.
	volcanology.geol.ucsb.edu /hazards.htm (1323 words)

	Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Volcanic cones are usually smaller features composed of loose ash and cinder, with occasional masses of stone which have been tossed violently into the air by the eruptive forces (and are thus called ejecta).
		Volcanic eruptions may inject an aerosol of particles and chemicals in the Earth's atmosphere.
		Volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/V/Volcano.htm (3484 words)

	List of volcanic eruption deaths - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(Redirected from List of famous volcanic eruption deaths)
		List of famous people who died due to volcanic eruption
		Category: ‪Lists of people by cause of death‬
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_famous_volcanic_eruption_deaths (62 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A volcanic eruption can be devastating for the local wildlife, as well as the human population.
		In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io See the list of geological features on Io for a list of named volcanoes on the moon.
		However, it is known that an eruption usually follows movement of magma upwards into the solid layer (the earth's crust) beneath a volcano and occupying a magma chamber.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Volcano (3735 words)

	Research Profile \| Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cameron and other volcanologists are also trying to predict volcanic eruptions from their many warning signs: an alteration in gas outputs, a change in water chemistry, swarms of earthquakes, or the flanks of a volcano inflating.
		Because gas is the fuel that drives eruptions, volcanic rocks with high water or carbon dioxide contents are evidence of an explosive eruption, while those with very little water likely erupted as a passive lava flow.
		These interactions may lead to multiple volcanic eruptions in some parts of the world and multiple earthquakes in other areas as the stress in the Earth's crust is being redistributed.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/Grad_Sch/Publications/ResearchProfile/featured3.html (2900 words)

	Lists of people by cause of death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is an index of lists of people who died, by cause of death, in alphabetical order of cause.
		List of horse accidents (deaths and serious injuries)
		List of professional cyclists who died during a race
	hallencyclopedia.com /Lists_of_people_by_cause_of_death (364 words)

	Caribbean-ALPA - Volcano Article
		Dangerous volcanic eruptions, such as that of Guagua Pichincha in Ecuador on October 7, 1999, pose a serious threat to aircraft operating in the vicinity of the ash plume.
		Following the eruption of Mount Redoubt, aviation industry members, meteorologists and volcano scientists held an international conference in Seattle WA in July 1991 to determine what volcanic information was needed and how it could be distributed to airline operators.
		Volcanic dust may fill the flightdeck, and there is the possibility of a loss of pressurization.
	www.caribbeanalpa.com /notices/volcano_article.html (2374 words)

	Volcanic Hazards
		This perception of a volcanic eruption is a common one and is probably due in part to pictures seen on television or in books of the beautiful lava flows and lava fountains in Hawai'i.
		Volcanic eruptions can be placed into two general categories: those that are explosive, such as at Mount St. Helens, and those that are effusive, such as in Hawai'i.
		The reason behind this increase is not due to increased volcanism, but due, instead, to an increase in the amount of people populating the flanks of active volcanoes and valley areas near those volcanoes (Tilling, 1991 and Hall, 1991).
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/hazards/primer (1009 words)

	Mysite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		continental), leading to a volcanic centre that is not obviously connected with a plate margin.
		Large, explosive volcanic eruptions inject water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF) and ash (pulverized rock and pumice) into the stratosphere to heights of 10-20 miles above the Earth's surface.
		Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), witnessed eruptions of Aetna and
	volcanoes.cogia.net /bobcms/modules/news (3590 words)

	Search Results for volcanic eruption - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The list of hazards associated with volcanic eruptions is long and varied: explosions, toxic gas clouds, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, avalanches, tsunamis, mudflows, and lava flows, as well as...
		In classification schemes based on character of eruption, volcanic activity and volcanic areas are commonly divided into six major types in order of increasing degree of explosiveness: (1) Icelandic,...
		Owing to the aphanitic texture of volcanic and hypabyssal rocks, their modes cannot be readily determined; consequently, a chemical classification is widely accepted and employed by most...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=volcanic+eruption (591 words)

	volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Image:Volcano q.jpgthumbright250pxA volcanic eruption can be devastating for the local [[wildlife, as well as the human population.]]
		Volcanism has been proposed as a mechanism for the replenishment of the dense atmosphere of the Saturnian moon Titan.
		Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), witnessed eruptions of Aetna and Stromboli, then visited the crater of Vesuvius and published his view of an Earth with a central fire connected to numerous others caused by the burning of sulphur, bitumen and coal.
	goc.subdomain.de /volcano (3441 words)

	AZGS Geologic Hazards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A list of consulting engineers in your area can be obtained from the American Society of Civil Engineering at 1-800-548-ASCE (2723)or the Arizona Consulting Engineeres Association, in Phoenix, at 1-800-982-5986..
		Eruptions in the Grand Canyon-Flagstaff region have occurred as recently as about one thousand years ago but there has been no sign of recent magma movement underneath the SFVF that would signal the beginning of a new phase of activity.
		The San Francisco Volcanic Field is considered by geologists to be active because eruptions have taken place less than a thousand years ago, practically yesterday in geologic terms.
	www.azgs.az.gov /hazards.htm (3663 words)

	Volcano Fatalities - John Seach
		Volcanic eruptions are not the most dangerous of natural disasters.
		The great eruption of Mt Etna in 1669 destroyed the city of Catania but no one was killed.
		The greatest role for volcanologists is not to predict eruptions but to foresee catastrophic events.
	www.volcanolive.com /fatalities.html (97 words)

	Volcano - All About All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earth's interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Stratovolcanoes or composite volcanoes are tall conical mountains composed of both lava flows and ejected material, which form the strata which give rise to the name.
		In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io [1] (http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/news/archive/eruption/).
	www.allaboutall.info /article/Volcano (3672 words)

	Armageddon Online - Disasters List, Natural Disasters and ManMade Disasters
		List of notable accidents and incidents on commercial aircraft
		This is a list of disasters involving objects in flight or near-flight.
		1990 onward, the list is exhaustive, including all air disasters killing 20 or more people.
	www.armageddononline.org /disasters_list.php (1351 words)

	Interesting: Rainstorms could trigger killer volcanic eruption (the most lethal >> Hypocrites.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption can be triggered by heavy rain, UK researchers have found.
		The Mount St Helens eruption on 18 May 1980, for example, sent a cloud of 520 million tonnes of ash 25 kilometres into the air.
		The build-up to an eruption is often easy to see months or years ahead, as magma pushing from below produces a visible dome on the side of the mountain.
	www.hypocrites.com /article8252.html (344 words)

	The world's top volcano websites
		Eventually, magma in the chamber is forced upwards and flows out across the planet surface as lava—or the rising magma can heat water in the surrounding landform and cause explosive discharges of steam; either this or escaping gases from the magma can produce forceful ejections of rocks, cinders, volcanic glass, and/or volcanic ash.
		A good example of this is the Great þjÃ³rsÃ¡rhraun (ThjÃ³rsÃ¡rhraun) lava flow which was produced by an eruptive fissure almost in the geographical center of Iceland roughly 8.000 years ago, and it flowed all the way down to the sea, a distance of 130 kilometers, and covered an area of 800 square km.
		For example, on May 13, 1991, 500 tons of sulfur dioxide were released from Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/volcano (2341 words)

	Death Toll Disasters-War-Accidents
		Apparent cause of death was loss of pressurization in the space craft during reentry into the earth's atmosphere.
		Columbia's China Floods page lists 500 K died in 1938 from floods on the Huang He River, The Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) page Top 25 Natural Disasters in China lists 500 K died in 1939 in Honan Province from the US Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA).
		At Matthew White's Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century: 30 Worst Atrocities of the 20th Century, Minor Atrocities of the Twentieth Century, Ninteenth Century Death Tolls, Highest percentages of national populations killed.
	www.geocities.com /dtmcbride/hist/disasters-war.html (5546 words)

	Amazon.com: Krakatoa : The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883: Books: Simon Winchester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Winchester describes the eruption through the eyes of its survivors, and readers will be as horrified and mesmerized as eyewitnesses were as the death toll reached nearly 40,000 (almost all of whom died from tsunamis generated by the unimaginably strong shock waves of the eruption).
		The eruption actually began on Sunday the 26th, but no one was prepared for the incredible disaster of the next morning.
		In particular, his descriptions of the impact of the eruption on the rise of a more militant brand of Islam in Indonesia were particularly engaging, and eminently logical in spite of the seeming stretch.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0066212855?v=glance (3220 words)

	Lists of people by cause of death at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lists of people by cause of death at opensource encyclopedia
		List of famous deaths by accidental drug overdose
		Lists of people by cause of death in directory
	wiki.tatet.com /Lists_of_people_by_cause_of_death.html (139 words)

	Mount St. Helens still shrouded in secrets
		The massive 1980 eruption killed 57 people when it blew 1,300 feet off the volcano's top, devastating a vast landscape and spewing ash around the world.
		Before St. Helens' 1980 eruption, only a few U.S. scientists could find funding to study volcanoes, and most were focused on the lava-burping volcanoes of Hawaii.
		A major eruption on Rainier, or even a major quake that sets off a volcanic mudslide (known as a lahar) could endanger at least 100,000 people.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/224735_helenscience18.html (1480 words)

	What was the most destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Washington) was the most destructive in the history of the United States.
		Novarupta (Katmai) Volcano, Alaska, erupted considerably more material in 1912, but owing to the isolation and sparse population of the region affected, there were no human deaths and little property damage.
		In contrast, Mount St. Helens' eruption in a matter of hours caused loss of lives and widespread destruction of valuable property, primarily by the debris avalanche, the lateral blast, and the mudflows.
	interactive2.usgs.gov /faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=414 (149 words)

	[No title]
		It struck the vulnerable US Gulf Coast in August 2005 and brings the still-rising death count to over 1,000, which is serious but not remarkable for a major disaster.
		From Andrew the death toll was 'only' 26, but the property damage added up to (what was then) a staggering $25 billion.
		The most devastating earthquake in modern times was the famous 1976 Tangshan magnitude 8 event in China, whose toll varies between the official 255,000, and a possible 655,000.
	mnw.eas.slu.edu /hazards.html (845 words)

	Amazon.com: No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado del Ruiz: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In her presentation of the 1993 eruption of Galeras, another Colombian volcano, numerous interviews illuminate further human folly, and particularly Williams's pariah status among geologists.
		Her heroism during the Galeras eruption is very commendable, as was that of the other brave people who helped her save some lives with their quick charge into the crater during the eruption.
		The information provided about the politics and civil unrest concurrent with the volcanic eruptions and the effects on ability of the scientists to recieve funding, equipment and international help is VERY interesting.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060199202?v=glance (3663 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Information about recent global volcanic and earthquake activity is widely available on the internet.
		For the time interval, compile a list of all earthquakes greater than magnitude 5.5 (M5.5) and active volcanic eruptions.
		Global Map of Results: During the quarter, plot the earthquake and volcanic data onto a single world map (to be handed out in class).
	www.geo.umn.edu /courses/3003/assign.htm (272 words)

	Yellowstone Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The eruption of a super volcano "sooner or later" will chill the planet and threaten human civilization, British scientists warned.
		The volcanic activity is changing the shape of the island and ultimately changing the environmental make-up of its cold and windswept surface."
		During such eruptions, episodic changes in the level of activity can occur over days to months.
	www.lampholderpub.com /new_page_65.htm (3437 words)

	COG and COOP \| TPMCafe
		Not only that, the COG exercises did not bring a representative sample of the three branches to them.
		If you're going to have widespread deaths, death strikes equally and randomly across the partisan aisle and through all three branches of government.
		Whoever was responsible for bringing a random sample of "left behinders" to the exercises was asleep at the switch.
	www.tpmcafe.com /blog/nequals1/2007/may/04/cog_and_coop (750 words)

	Natural Disasters
		Europe and Asia, 1346-52: Bubonic plague or "fl death" (one third of the European population dead plus millions in Asia and North Africa for a total of 25 million)
		Colombia, 1985: eruption of Nevado del Ruiz (23,000 dead)
		Chernobyl, (1986): 70 dead (the Ukrainian government claims that it caused the death of "thousands" of people, but it never provided any evidence, and Russia accuses it of using those numbers to claim compensation - antinuclear activists use the numbers of the Ukrainian government to claim nuclear power is dangerous).
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/disaster.html (438 words)

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