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	Listeria monocytogenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, in the division Firmicutes, named for Joseph Lister.
		monocytogenes in at least 37 mammalian species, both domesticated and feral, as well as in at least 17 species of birds and possibly in some species of fish and shellfish.
		monocytogenes has been associated with such foods as raw milk, supposedly pasteurized fluid milk, cheeses (particularly soft-ripened varieties), ice cream, raw vegetables, fermented raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats (of all types), and raw and smoked fish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes (559 words)

	Encyclopedia: Listeria monocytogenes
		Listeria monocytogenes are facultative anaerobic non-sporing Gram-positive motile rods that are catalase positive.
		When listeria meningitis occurs, the overall mortality may be as high as 70%; from septicaemia 50%, from perinatal/neonatal infections greater than 80% in the foetus.
		monocytogenes was traced to the cheese factory where raw milk was added to the pasteurised cheese as it was believed that it enhanced the flavour of the cheese.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Listeria-monocytogenes (1750 words)

	Listeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Listeria is a bacterial genus containing six species.
		This genus of Gram positive bacilli is typified by Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of Listeriosis.
		Listeria ivanovii is a pathogen of ruminants, and can infect mouse in the laboratory, although it is only rarely the cause of human disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Listeria (101 words)

	Listeria
		Until about 1960, Listeria monocytogenes was thought to be associated almost exclusively with infections in animals, and less frequently in humans.
		Listeria monocytogenes is reportedly carried in the intestinal tract of 5-10% of the human population without any apparent symptoms of disease.
		Listeria monocytogenes multiplies not only extracellularly but also intracellularly, within macrophages after phagocytosis, or within parenchymal cells which are entered by induced phagocytosis.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Listeria.html (1975 words)

	Listeria Bacteria Outbreaks, News, Resources and Legal Information
		Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) is a pathogenic (disease-causing) bacterium that is food borne and causes an illness called listeriosis
		It is estimated that Listeria causes approximately 1,600 cases of listeriosis annually, resulting in 415 deaths.
		Listeria is found in grazing areas, stale water supplies, and poorly prepared animal feed.
	www.about-listeria.com (319 words)

	Listeria monocytogenes
		monocytogenes are facultative anaerobic rods of 0.4 by 1 to 1.5 um that do not form spores, have no capsule, and are motile at 10 to 25 degrees Celcius.
		The discovery of Listeria microorganisms was in 1924, at Cambridge University by E. Murray, R. Webb, and M. Swann after they isolated it as the etiological agent of a septicemic disease affecting rabbits and guinea pigs (1).
		Occur singly, or in short chains or the cells may be arranged at an angle to each other to give V forms or in groups lying parallel along the long axis (2).
	www.nmpdr.org /index.php?id=54 (303 words)

	FDA/CFSAN BAM - Listeria monocytogenes
		Putative listeria isolates on selective agars from standard or screen positive enrichments are purified on non-selective agar and confirmed by conventional identification tests or by a battery of such tests in kit form.
		Brochothrix, which is closely related phylogenetically to Listeria, is distinguishable from Listeria by its inability to grow at 35° C and by its lack of motility.
		Identification and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes by non-radioactive DNA probe colony hybridization.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~ebam/bam-10.html (5812 words)

	Highlight:Listeria steps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Life Cycle of Listeria monocytogenes The life cycle of the bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes is summarized in the image at the right (from Tilney and Portnoy 1989, J Cell Biol 109:1597-1608).
		The magnitude of the "wiggles" are inversely proportional to the size of the bacterium and to the viscosity of its environment.
		Listeria moves with monomer-sized steps (~5.4 nm) By high-resolution laser-tracking of bacteria in living host cells, we made a startling discovery.
	www.bme.jhu.edu /~skuo/emph_ListSteps.html (2242 words)

	Effect of Liquid Smoke Extracts on Frankfurters Inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes
		Listeria in which surviving cells recovered and grew to higher levels than were present initially within one week.
		Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive foodborne pathogen causing approximately 2,500 serious illnesses and 500 deaths in the
		Listeria on RTE meats, they are required to demonstrate validation of the process showing the reduction with inoculated pack studies.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /research/2004rr/20/20.htm (1289 words)

	Listeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Listeria is widely distributed throughout the environment, inhabiting soil, decaying vegetable matter, sewage, water, animal feed, fresh and frozen poultry, processed meats, raw milk, cheese, and humans.
		Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis.
		Listeria is capable of infecting macrophages, which acquire the pathogen through phagocytosis, or epithelial cells, which are infected when listeria induces cytoskeletal changes and plasma membrane extensions.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/gram-positive/listeria/listeria.htm (639 words)

	eMedicine - Listeria Monocytogenes : Article by Karen B Weinstein, MD, FACP
		Background: Listeria monocytogenes, although an uncommon cause of illness in the general population, is an important pathogen affecting pregnant patients, neonates, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals.
		Listeria also is a common veterinary pathogen, being associated with abortion and encephalitis in sheep and cattle.
		Listeria organisms are motile in wet mounts of CSF.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1312.htm (2560 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 16
		Listeria monocytogenes multiplies not only extracellularly but also intracellularly within macrophages after phagocytosis and even within parenchymal cells which are entered by induced phagocytosis.
		Because it multiplies intracellularly, L monocytogenes is largely protected against humoral immune factors such as antibodies, and the effective host response is cell- mediated, involving both lymphokines (especially interferon) produced by CD4+ (T-helper) cells and direct lysis of infected cells by CD8+ (cytotoxic) T lymphocytes.
		Listeria monocytogenes is implicated when monocytosis is observed in the peripheral blood as well as the cerebrospinal fluid.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch016.htm (2446 words)

	Research and Reviews: Meat, Special Circular 172-99, A Review of Listeria monocytogenes – A Pathogen That Likes ...
		The fact that Listeria monocytogenes can grow at refrigerated temperatures, which is often the technique that the meat industry uses to control pathogens, makes this microorganism a special problem for meat processors.
		Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for 98% of the human listerosis cases identified.
		Listeria is also moderately common in meat products, with about 0.5% beef jerky containing this microfile, about 1.3% large-diameter cooked sausage may contain Listeria, 2.3% of cooked poultry, 2.8% of corned beef and cooked roast beef, 4.2% of small-diameter cooked sausage, and 6% of ham slices and luncheon meat.
	ohioline.osu.edu /sc172/sc172_16.html (959 words)

	Cornell News: Listeria Persists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Listeria can cause listeriosis, a deadly disease that primarily affects pregnant women, newborn children, and adults with weakened immune systems.
		The foods in which Listeria was found included ready-to-eat delicatessen foods like ham, beef bologna, chicken, pastrami, roast beef and smoked fish.
		Of the seven food-processing plants where Listeria was found, three had persistent strains of the bacterium.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/July04/Listeria.bpf.html (505 words)

	Listeria Infections
		Listeria infections (known as listeriosis) are caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.
		Infection is rare, but when it does occur it most frequently affects pregnant women in their last trimester, newborns, and children and adults whose immunity is weakened by diseases such as cancer or AIDS.
		Listeria infections may create symptoms such as fever, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, difficulty breathing, and poor feeding.
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/listeria.html (495 words)

	Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes on Hotdogs Using Liquid Smoke Extracts
		Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen which is a frequent contaminant in the postprocessing areas where ready-to-eat (RTE) meats are manufactured.
		Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative, psychrotropic, intracellular bacterium which is pathogenic to humans and animals.
		monocytogenes is its ability to survive and grow in raw and RTE foods held under refrigeration temperatures and its ability to adhere and form biofilms on food contact surfaces that are resistant to sanitizers (Daeschel et al.1999).
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /research/2004rr/27/27.htm (1762 words)

	Diffchamb - Your specialist in food diagnostics
		Listeria is widely present in nature and has been isolated from rotting vegetation, soils, faeces and water.
		Its ingestion through the consumption of contaminated food may cause the disease listeriosis, which is of great concern to specific at-risk groups, including the elderly, pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune defence.
		Listeria monocytogenes is recognised as an important human pathogen, which may cause miscarriage, septicaemia, meningitis and death.
	www.diffchamb.com /website/Archive/Templates/standard.asp?iSecId=790 (138 words)

	Prevalence and Fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Raw Whole Milk in Farm Bulk Tanks and in ...
		Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4 b by use of low-frequency-cleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
		Study of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a dairy plant and characterization of the strains isolated.
		An outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 3a infections from butter in Finland.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/7/3366 (2996 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book: Listeria monocytogenes
		monocytogenes is unknown but is believed to vary with the strain and susceptibility of the victim.
		From cases contracted through raw or supposedly pasteurized milk, it is safe to assume that in susceptible persons, fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease.
		A Loci index for genome Listeria monocytogenes is available from GenBank.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap6.html (953 words)

	Neural Route of Cerebral Listeria monocytogenes Murine Infection: Role of Immune Response Mechanisms in Controling ...
		monocytogenes infection of trigeminal ganglia (TG) and nerves
		monocytogenes and cultured for 24 h in the presence of gentamicin.
		Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C from Listeria monocytogenes is an important virulence factor in murine cerebral listeriosis.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/2/1093 (3465 words)

	Listeriosis: One Tough Bug, HYG-5562-98
		Listeria are bacteria found frequently in the environment.
		One listeria species, Listeria monocytogenes, can cause the serious foodborne illness "listeriosis." Listeriosis is a bacterial infection.
		monocytogenes has been associated with such foods as raw milk, unpasteurized milk, cheeses (particularly soft-ripened varieties), ice cream, raw vegetables, raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats (all types), and raw and smoked fish.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/5000/5562.html (656 words)

	Alteration of Pulmonary Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEPs). II. Effects of DEPs on ...
		Indeed, in a previous study in which rats were infected with Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) by intratracheal instillation, we demonstrated that acute exposure to DEPs retarded bacterial clearance from the lung.
		Listeria is a ubiquitous species of gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium used in recent studies as a pulmonary infection model in rodents (Antonini et al.
		Weiskirch LM, Paterson Y. Listeria monocytogenes: a potent vaccine vector for neoplastic and infectious disease.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2003/5709/5709.html (6292 words)

	safefood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		monocytogenes grows under refrigeration temperatures from 1°C up to 44°C. It grows at pH values of between 4.6 and 9.6 and their minimum water activity value for growth is 0.90.
		monocytogenes is easily destroyed by heat and food poisoning outbreaks are relatively rare.
		monocytogenes was isolated from the stillbirth autopsies and a particular brand of paté.
	www.safefood.net.au /content.cfm?sid=469 (612 words)

	Theriot Lab Movies
		monocytogenes and because of this the tails appear to be phase-lucent rather than phase-dense.
		Listeria monocytogenes bactera moving in a cytoplasmic extract.
		MDCK cells which constitutively express green fluorescent protein fused with actin are infected with Listeria monocytogenes.
	cmgm.stanford.edu /theriot/movies.htm (1150 words)

	Listeriosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Listeria monocytogenes is a small rod shaped gram-positive bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment, in the soil, on plants and animals.
		Most of the bacteria will be killed by acid in the stomach, but the surviving bacteria invade the cells of the intestinal tract, going from cell to cell and thereby spreading the infection laterally.
		The Theriot Laboratory is studying how Listeria moves within cells, and results of this research may someday be used to generate vaccines or other means to prevent infection by Listeria.
	cmgm.stanford.edu /theriot/listeria.htm (351 words)

	Specific Identification of Listeria welshimeri and Listeria monocytogenes by PCR Assays Targeting a Gene Encoding a ...
		Alignment of the nucleotide sequence of the fbp gene of Listeria monocytogenes with the homologous DNA fragment of Listeria welshimeri.
		Serotyping and esterase typing for analysis of Listeria monocytogenes populations recovered from foodstuffs and from human patients with listeriosis in Belgium.
		RAPD analysis, serotyping, and esterase typing indicate that the population of Listeria monocytogenes strains recovered from cheese and from patients with listeriosis in Belgium are different.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/40/2/698 (2533 words)

	Preventing Listeria Contamination in Foods
		Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a harmful bacterium that can be found in a variety of foods.
		Listeriosis is an illness caused by eating foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water.
		Although listeria bacteria are killed with thorough cooking or by other heating methods, such as pasteurization, these tough bugs can grow in the refrigerator and survive in the freezer.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2004/104_bac.html (744 words)

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