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	Classical Chinese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Literary Chinese written for a Japanese audience is known as Kanbun; for a Korean audience, it is known as Hanmun (in characters both are written as 漢文, meaning Chinese written language).
		Literary Chinese (文言文, Wényánwén, "Literary Writing", or more colloquially just 文言 Wényán) is the form of written Chinese used from the end of the Han Dynasty to the early 20th century when it was replaced by vernacular written Chinese (Baihua).
		Literary Chinese diverged more and more from Classical Chinese as the languages of China became more and more disparate and as the Classical written language became less and less representative of the spoken language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_Chinese (1696 words)

	Chinese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Chinese (T:上古漢語S:上古汉语P:Shànggǔ Hànyǔ), sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
		Chinese is first known to have been written in Latin characters by Western [[Christian missionaries of the 16th century, but may be written down by Western travelers of missionaries of earlier periods.
		Chinese morphology is strictly bound to a set number of syllables with a fairly rigid construction which are the morphemes, the smallest building blocks, of the language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_language (6439 words)

	Classical Chinese -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Literary Chinese written for a Japanese audience is known as (additional info and facts about Kanbun) Kanbun.
		Literary Chinese (文言文, (additional info and facts about py) py Wényánwén, "Literary Writing", or more colloquially just 文言 Wényán) is the form of written Chinese used from the end of the Han to pre-modernity and the replacement by vernacular written Chinese.
		Literary Chinese diverged from Classical as the languages of China became more and more disparate and as the Classical written language became less and less representative of the ((language) communication by word of mouth) spoken language.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/classical_chinese.htm (1532 words)

	An introduction to Chinese literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chinese literature may be divided into three major historical periods that roughly correspond to those of Western literary history: the classical period, from the 6th century BC through the 2nd century AD; the medieval period, from the 3rd century to the late 12th century; and the modern period, from the 13th century to the present.
		Stimulated by the literature of the West, Chinese writers, led by Hu Shi, started a literary revolution known as the Chinese Renaissance in an attempt to urge the written use of colloquial language and to heighten its status as a means of scholarly expression.
		During the first half of the 20th century Chinese writers used literature as a mirror to reflect the seamy side of life, as a weapon to combat the evils of society, and as a form of propaganda to spread the message of class struggle.
	www.china-on-site.com /literatu/intro.htm (2750 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Chinese Literature: Brief Guide
		Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters.
		This drama form won gradual support from literary figures, and in the 16th century the influential K'un school, which was to dominate the theater until the end of the 18th century, was formed.
		Lu Xun's literary activity began in 1918 when, at the urging of friends, he published a short story, "A Madman's Diary." The first Western-style short story written in Chinese, it was a satiric attack on the traditional Confucian culture of China.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinlit.html (3520 words)

	A Report on Modern Chinese Literary Studies in the English-Speaking World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The theoretical and ideological disagreement between the two was dramatized by their feisty 1963 written debates on the nature of Chinese literary modernity and the function of criticism.
		And to engage in modern Chinese literary criticism, one must make it one's own obligation to identify the aspects of Chinese literature whose “newness” cannot be couched in ready-made critical terms.
		Hence the genesis of the peculiar double-bind of Chinese literary modernity.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~asiactr/haq/200501/0501a003.htm (2705 words)

	UI Chinese Program -- Course Descriptions
		The purpose of this course is to lay a groundwork for the study of modern Chinese.
		This course is designed for the Chinese heritage learners: those with aural/oral fluency in Mandarin Chinese or in a non-Mandarin dialect (e.g., Cantonese, Hakka, or Southern Min).
		This course is designed to help students 1) to continue to improve their modern Chinese skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and 2) to develop the skill to read authentic texts related to the students' topics of interests.
	www.uiowa.edu /~chinese/crsdscr.htm (1829 words)

	Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The literature offerings, which may be taken as Chinese or literature courses, are designed to provide students with opportunities to read with critical insight all the major genres of Chinese literature in the historical, cultural, and theoretical contexts of the relevant texts.
		The Chinese House, a residence hall, is the center of extracurricular activities for students interested in Chinese culture.
		The course examines the growth of Chinese cinema in the hands of five "generations" of filmmakers and beyond, focusing on the development of aesthetics of Chinese film and the changing role of film as social commentary and cultural critique.
	web.reed.edu /academic/catalog/chin.html (1677 words)

	East Asian Languages and Cultures
		Courses in literary Chinese at the primary or secondary school level are not considered adequate preparation.
		This course explores Chinese fiction and prose of recent decades through two broad and intertwined concerns: the struggles of memory and forgetting, and the politics of representing gender, geographical, and cultural identities.
		Modern Chinese Literature: “Becoming Animal: Biocentric Modes in Modern Chinese Literature.”; The epochal impact of evolutionary thought on modern Chinese cultural and literary history is widely acknowledged, but the nature and repercussions of that impact seldom thoroughly questioned or explored.
	ls.berkeley.edu /departments/ealc/courses/fall03descriptions.htm (4483 words)

	Chinese and Japanese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At Grinnell, Chinese is an interdisciplinary major that explores the complex interaction between literary, philosophical, aesthetic, religious, political, and other important spheres of human life in China.
		A knowledge of Chinese is valuable for students contemplating graduate study or careers in government service or in businesses engaged in international trade.
		Literary and cinematic focus is on the complex and changing relationship of Chinese women to normative gender codes and conventions over the course of some 2,000 years.
	www.grinnell.edu /academic/ocatalog/courses/sinojapanese/txt (1061 words)

	East Asian Languages and Literatures
		Students applying in Chinese are expected to have completed at least one year of literary Chinese.
		Issues include literary canon and traditions, feminine voice and allegory, the abandoned woman, women in exile, the dichotomy of yin and yang, gender and genre, body and sexuality, notions of love, aesthetics of illness, and the function of memory.
		The course explores the Chinese notion of literary models, of tradition and individuality, of cross-generic influences, and of the formation of canons.
	www.yale.edu /bulletin/html/grad/eastasialang.html (2345 words)

	Table of contents for An introduction to literary Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A Sketch of Literary Chinese 8 Part I: Texts to Introduce Basic Grammar 1.
		Issues in the Linguistic Aspects of Literary Chinese 257 1.
		Syntax and Phonology in Archaic Chinese 260 3.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0420/2004016243.html (263 words)

	East Asian Languages and Literatures
		Although the primary emphasis is on these East Asian subjects, the department welcomes applicants who are seeking to integrate their interests in Chinese or Japanese literature with interdisciplinary studies in such fields as history, history of art, linguistics, religious studies, comparative literature, film studies, literary theory and criticism, and the social sciences.
		In some cases, with the approval of the director of graduate studies, students in Chinese literature may substitute Japanese and students in Japanese literature may substitute Chinese (modern or literary Chinese) for a European language.
		Exploration of ways that Chinese writers have attempted to change society through writing; the relationships between realism, romanticism, and revolution; and the consequences of the Chinese Communist Party’s institutionalization of revolutionary literature.
	www.yale.edu /bulletin/html2003/030822.1.jcg.grad/eastasialang.html (2300 words)

	CR: CI/0080 (sec 1) Introduction to Literary Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chinese 80, Introduction to Literary Chinese, is designed to develop proficiency in the reading of literary Chinese.
		The only prerequisite is knowledge of modern Chinese, and a beginning of Classical Chinese learned in the Fall semester in Chinese 70.
		The course is a continuation of the introduction to Classical Chinese literature begun in Chinese 70.
	www.brown.edu /Students/Critical_Review/2001.2002.2/CI0080_1HES.html (273 words)

	CLAS - Art & Literature
		Modern Chinese poetry, which is written in vernacular Chinese rather than classical Chinese, became a literary genre only after the May Fourth Movement in 1919.
		At the back of every issue, "Tendency" includes a list of underground literary journals in China, as well as a chronology of recent happenings in the artistic world there - both of which are not to be found elsewhere.
		The fact that Bei Dao is the only one under the spotlight is really a result of the West's general disinterest in the Chinese literary world.
	www.sinologic.com /literature.html (864 words)

	UI Chinese Program
		The Chinese language program also offers a range of basic courses in classical and literary Chinese.
		First, they are intended to introduce advanced students of modern Chinese to those classical and literary structures and patterns which are apt to be encountered in the reading of modern Mandarin texts.
		Secondly, they prepare students in the Chinese program, as well as those from other departments, to use classical and literary Chinese as tools in their own work.
	www.uiowa.edu /~chinese/curgoal.htm (214 words)

	Chinese Orthodoxy on the Web
		There are many Chinese texts in Classical Chinese, but unless one is a Chinese scholar, most Chinese will find these of very limited use.
		At present there is an effort to produce revised Chinese texts, and many of these texts are being made available in Simplified Characters.
		In short, if you are looking for Chinese Orthodox material for some one you know, you need to take into account where they are from, and you need to ensure that you are getting texts that they will have a chance at understanding.
	pages.prodigy.net /frjohnwhiteford/chinese.htm (732 words)

	modern chinese literary studies general reference
		Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary (prepared by Rick Harbaugh)
		Chinese Academic Journals Bibliographic Database (Qinghua University) (searchable datatbase of 5800 journals from 1994 to the present, including the following literature journals, including most of the key literary studies journals; one can do a general searchs of all literary journals or searches of specific journals or even specific issues of journals)
		Chinese Periodicals in the Fung Ping Shan Library of the University of Hongkong.
	mclc.osu.edu /rc/ref.htm (2762 words)

	CR: CI/0080 (sec 1) Introduction to Literary Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Introduction to Literary Chinese," taught by Professor Hess, may be the perfect course for you.
		They were driven by their love of the material and their desire to read the classical Chinese works.
		If you find small class sizes appealing and are willing to put work into lots of translation, this is a rare opportunity for you to take an excellent course with an excellent professor.
	www.brown.edu /Students/Critical_Review/2000.2001.2/CI0080_1HES.html (310 words)

	Link, P.: The Uses of Literature: Life in the Socialist Chinese Literary System.
		Using the late 1970s and early 1980s as an entree to the workings of China's "socialist literary system," the author shows how that system held sway from 1950 until around 1990, when an encroaching market economy gradually but fundamentally changed it.
		In addition to providing a definitive overview of how the socialist Chinese literary system worked, Link offers comparisons to the similar system in the Soviet Union.
		In the final chapter, the book seeks to explain how the word "good" was used and understood when applied to literary works in such systems.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/6857.html (446 words)

	Chinese Literature Classics - Main Page
		[Chinese] - Chinese text in gif file: Can be viewed
		[GB] - Chinese text [GB] file: Must view with Chinese software able to read GB code
		Lao Zi [Lao Tze] DaoDeJing [Chinese / English / German]
	www.chinapage.com /classic1.html (86 words)

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