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Topic: Literary movement

	Sturm und Drang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The movement was also distinguished by the intensity with which it developed the theme of youthful genius in rebellion against accepted standards and by its enthusiasm for nature.
		The greatest figure of the movement was Goethe, who wrote its first major drama, Götz von Berlichingen (1773), and its most sensational and representative novel, Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (The Sorrows of Young Werther, 1774).
		The movement was also paralleled in music of the period, resulting in stormy minor key writing, chromatic harmonies, and a return to some of the contrapuntal writing which had been abandoned at the end of the Baroque era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sturm_und_Drang (357 words)

	Russian Formalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Russian Formalism, a movement of literary criticism and interpretation, emerged in Russia during the second decade of the twentieth century and remained active until about 1930.
		Shklovskii, for instance, remained predominantly concerned with literary theory (the laws of expenditure and economy in poetic language, general laws of plots and general laws of perception) rather than with linguistics, while Eikhenbaum and Tynianov are best known for their work as literary historians.
		Rejecting the subjectivism of nineteenth-century literary scholarship, the Formalists insisted that the study of literature be approached by means of a scientific and objective methodology.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/russian_formalism.html (2755 words)

	Untitled
		What was new about the proletarian literary movement was its emphasis on political and social relations; and in approaching this movement the critics, it is true, discussed the connection between art and politics and between art and society.
		The "literary movement" droned these beliefs into its members with the result that instead of revolutionary writing-which may mean a thousand and one things depending upon time, place, and individual bias-an internationally unif orm literature was created whose main service was the carrying out of party assignments.
		Everything within its orbit, including the proletarian literary movement, which separates it from other reformist and left-bourgeois tendencies in being done away with in order to expedite the "building of a democratic front." That the political party which fathered proletarian literature should now be devouring it is no cause for astonishment.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA01/White/anthology/rahv.html (2238 words)

	AllRefer.com - transcendentalism, American literary and philosophical movement (American Literature) - Encyclopedia
		It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world.
		The movement began with the occasional meetings of a group of friends in Boston and Concord to discuss philosophy, literature, and religion.
		Primarily a movement seeking a new spiritual and intellectual vitality, transcendentalism had a great impact on American literature, not only on the writings of the group's members, but on such diverse authors as Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/trnscdntl1.html (512 words)

	"On Books: Movements" by Norman Spinrad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are and have been all sorts of literary movements, and of course the phenomenon is hardly confined to speculative fiction.
		For the first time, speculative fiction had a literary movement that sought to relate the literature to what was going on in the macroculture on the one hand, and sought to bring its speculative vision to the great world outside its ghetto walls on the other.
		The New Wave Movement was born during the Countercultural Revolution of the 1960s, which itself became heavily enmeshed in the politics of the Viet Nam War.
	www.asimovs.com /_issue_0210_11/onbooks.shtml (3895 words)

	Black Arts Movement
		Umbra, which produced Umbra Magazine, was the first post-civil rights Black literary group to make an impact as radical in the sense of establishing their own voice distinct from, and sometimes at odds with, the prevailing white literary establishment.
		That Umbra was primarily poetry- and performance-oriented established a significant and classic characteristic of the movement's aesthetics.
		Although some of his opinions are controversial (note that in the movement controversy was normal), Redmond's era by era and city by city cataloging of literary collectives as well as individual writers offers an invaluable service in detailing the movement's national scope.
	authors.aalbc.com /blackartsmovement.htm (3669 words)

	Kano Online - Articles
		This is for a number of reasons the most important of which this new literary movement has earned Hausa language the position of the fastest growing literary language in Africa in a time when Arabic and Kiswahili are becoming increasingly important contenders as Africa’s lingua franca.
		The new literary movement which was and still is dominated by youth has contributed in no small measure in increasing literacy level among Hausa speakers particularly women.
		The leading writers in the movement have also indicated their interest and willingness to improve the literary and production quality of their works as we entre the 21st century.
	www.kanoonline.com /publications/pr_articles_hausa_literary_movement.html (1659 words)

	Kate Chopin: Literary Movements of Time
		The movement sought to treat the commonplace truthfully and used characters from everyday life.
		A deeper, more pessimistic, literary movement called Naturalism grew out of Realism and stressed the uncaring aspect of nature and the genetic, biological destiny of man. Naturalists believed that man's instinctual, basic drives dominated their actions and could not be evaded.
		In the end, despite her developments into selfhood, the only escape from her biological destiny as a woman in society, possessed, sexual, and ruled, is death.
	www.vcu.edu /engweb/eng384/katemove.htm (1197 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The romantic movement typically asserts the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status of imagination and fancy, the human need for emotional outlets, a rejection of civilized corruption, and a desire to return to natural primitivism and escape the spiritual destruction of urban life.
		First, it refers generally to any artistic or literary portrayal of life in a faithful, accurate manner, unclouded by false ideals, literary conventions, or misplaced aesthetic glorification and beautification of the world.
		Note that the earlier literary movement known as naturalism is often used as a precursor and antonym for realism, even though both literary movements share many similarities.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~beadling/250spring2004/documents/Romanticismvsrealism.doc (726 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Acmeism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Russian poetic movement established in St Petersburg in 1913, which flourished until the early 1920s and was associated with the journal Apollon.
		The leaders and theoreticians of this movement were Nikolay Gumilyov (1886–1921) and Sergey Gorodetsky (1884–1967), and the movement’s poets included Anna Akhmatova (1888–1966) and Osip Mandel’shtam (1891–1938).
		The primary links between this literary movement and art were forged through Gumilyov and his relationship with Natal’ya Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov.
	www.artnet.com /library/00/0003/T000352.ASP (177 words)

	Dadaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Formal Definition: A western European artistic and literary movement (1916-23) that sought the discovery of authentic reality through the abolition of traditional culture and aesthetic forms.
		Dada was an art movement that was ostrasized from the world of art as it swept through the world like war sweeping thoughout nations.
		Art historians who are professionally trained to analyze the styles of art movements and periods have been continually baffled by the contradictions and complexities Dadaism poses twoards itself.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Dadaism/dadaism.html (248 words)

	dawahare mfa bio
		He demonstrates that confronted with the Depression, mass movements, and the escalation of fascism around the world, many proletarian writers re-evaluate and adapt the modernist aesthetics of the previous decades and, in the process, create a proletarian modernism sensitive to the conditions of workers, women, and minorities.
		Writing within those tempestuous years of economic depression and war, authors from the Harlem Renaissance and the Proletarian Literary Movement, who daily experienced the immediacy of basic political issues in numerous ways, found common cause with ideologies and movements that spoke to their own desires for social equality, validity, and political participation.
		He offers courses that integrate canonical and noncanonical texts and endeavor to establish the historical and socio-political contexts in which literary works were produced (as well as the current contexts for their continued and/or renewed reception).
	www.csuchico.edu /engl/mfa/facultybios/Dawaharebio.html (806 words)

	Sturm und Drang -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		German literary movement of the latter half of the 18th century characterized by a revolt against what the writers saw as the Enlightenment cult of rationalism and the sterile imitation of French literature.
		The German novelist and dramatist Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger was representative of the German literary movement known as Sturm und Drang.
		In fact, the movement, which was based on a revolt against rationalism in favor of emotionalism, took its name from Klinger's play Der Wirrwarr, oder Sturm und Drang (1776; Confusion, or Storm and Stress).
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9379759 (648 words)

	This is the Surrealism Page. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The surrealists claimed as their literary forebears a long line of writers, outstanding among whom is the Comte de Lautréamont, author of the lengthy and complicated work Les chants de Maldoror (1868-1870).
		The movement spread all over the world and flourished in America during World War II (1939-1945), when André Breton was living in New York City.
		An American offshoot of the surrealist movement is the group of artists known as the magic realists, under the leadership of the painter Paul Cadmus.
	www.connect.net /ron/surreal.html (811 words)

	F&P Russian Literature of the 20th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The history of Russian literary Symbolism may be traced to two separate literary circles, each arising almost simultaneously in Moscow and St. Petersburg, respectively.
		By 1903 Bryusov had practically become the literary chief of the entire publishing house and began preparing the organization of a magazine devoted exclusively to Symbolist material, in an effort to unite all practitioners of "the new art".
		Neither of these poets was affiliated with any literary group nor did either one of them participate in the literary programs of the time.
	www.fplib.org /literature/20century.html(opt,graphics,mac,english,,new) (1231 words)

	german (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I, as one of the foremost German literary figures of the eighteenth century, felt a certain responsibility to set both Schiller and all scholars of German literature straight on this question by elucidating several historical reasons why I see a time difference on the classical movements of France and Germany.
		Another possible reason why the German classical movement came so late after the French, I believe, is that our literary movement was in part a response to the French movement.
		One can also argue that a national literary movement would reinforce a national identity by establishing nationally known authors, writing in their native language.
	ils.unc.edu /inls70_F98/Assn1/Cunningham-german.html (1391 words)

	Beat movement -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco's North Beach, Los Angeles' Venice West, and New York City's Greenwich Village.
		The beat movement, a social and literary experiment, originated in the bohemian artists' colonies around San Francisco, Calif., and Greenwich Village in New York City in the late 1950s.
		The U.S. poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti was one of the founders of the beat movement in San Francisco in the mid-1950s.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9013954?tocId=9013954 (737 words)

	Courses
		Literary Movements: Courses described as "Literary Movements" focus on a single period or school of literature, such as Romanticism, Modernism, or Postmodernism.
		These courses examine the emergence, development, and dissemination of the philosophical tenets and literary techniques associated with a given literary movement, and they try to demonstrate the impact of a literary movement on the literature and thought of the present day.
		By investigating the relationship between specific literary works and theoretical paradigms that explain the significance and meaning of these works, students develop new ways of understanding literature and its relationship to life.
	www.williams.edu /CFLang/depts/complit/courses.htm (674 words)

	The Gate of Darkness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It would not be true to say that this important literary critic from Taiwan had no sympathy for the spirit that drove these writers to participate in the Communist revolution.
		However, his agenda is clear nonetheless: he aims to expose the deep conflicts between the writers' own ideas and aspirations and the constraints placed on them by the ideology and policies of the Communist Party.
		While Hsia clearly holds the deepest respect for certain individuals within the movement (notably Lu Xun, Ding Ling and Mao Dun), the authors he discusses in these essays were not selected for their literary talents.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/hsia.htm (625 words)

	Terrence Holt Submission
		Narrative Medicine, Negative Capability, and Me Last fall, the critical, educational and literary movement known as “Narrative Medicine” received the definitive stamp of public recognition when it was the subject of feature coverage both in the New York Times and on National Public Radio’s Morning Edition.
		And it was as a response to this that the movement known as Narrative Medicine arose.
		As such, the movement announced a principled rejection of what it held to be an impossible and irresponsible claim to objectivity: in the complex, highly-charged political and social currents of the time, such a claim could only mask either self-delusion or a hidden agenda.
	web.english.ufl.edu /pnm/tholt.html (3322 words)

	Vietnam Bibliography - Do^`i Mo(+i or Renovation Literature
		Before the movement for renewal became official and was given a name, significant developments were already taking place in literature and the arts.
		The Party's repression of this movement in 1960 meant that until around 1980 published criticism of life under communist rule was "sporadic or shrouded in metaphor" (173).
		No information is provided on the literary or historical context of the Vietnamese works--only short biographical sketches of the authors--but there is no better collection in English of post-war fiction by Vietnamese.
	www.yale.edu /seas/bibliography/chapters/chap11.html (4685 words)

	The literary thug.
		It’s story, of a woman named Ceile’s growth from a victimized young girl to a wise, strong and moral sage, with a separation from her sister, grotesque male abuse, lesbianism and a reunion with her sister in between, is emotionally stirring but flawed.
		There are also the usual Reed literary accoutrements, themes he constantly referrers to, juvenile neurotic outbursts which thrill his now primary audience of neurotic brothers, but turn off the rest of the literary world.
		It also speaks to the tragic irony of the movement itself, that for all the sound and fury it's members exhorted about racial purity, idealizing flness and a "pure" racial eden, actual success, courage and expressions of humanity that African Americans accomplished were met with disdain and scorn by them.
	theliterarythug.blogspot.com (5824 words)

	The Inception of the Abbey Theater
		This movement was part of a general movement of the eighteenth century beginning in the British Isles with the nations of England, Scotland, Whales and Brittany, and spreading to Germany and France, two nations connected through the Arthurian legends (Hunt, 11).
		The dramatic literary movement was continued through the developments of literary playwrights such as W.B. Yeats, J. Synge, and Lady Gregory.
		They were involved from the very start of the movement, moved by an interest in the theater, but even more by the national cause they fought to maintain.
	www.usna.edu /EnglishDept/ilv/abbey.htm (1833 words)

	A BRIEF HISTORY OF LITERARY THEORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the disciplines of literary criticism and hermeneutics (when hermeneutics principally referred to the methods and rules of interpretation) it was originally assumed that meaning resided with the author.
		Indeed much traditional literary criticism has held this view in one form or another."Footnote15 With New Criticism we find the ascendancy of a more text-focused hermeneutic where the author's intention, even if it could be discerned, is irrelevant to the work at hand.
		As with the neo-orthodox movement occurring in Germany, the meaning of the text is something that is not to be located in the past.
	www.xenos.org /essays/litthry3.htm (2330 words)

	Protest and Experiment in the Literature of the Beat Generation
		When speaking about the Beats two constituents of their movement are to be taken into consideration – their social activity that provoked and stimulated youth protest movements of the 60s and their literary experiments that helped to create a specific subculture – underground subculture, that is still in demand.
		The principle of nakedness proclaimed by Kerouac as the basic one of literary theory, shocked the public, and they were mostly treated as a scandalous phenomenon – accentuated eroticism of some scenes, anarchistic revelations, drugs and other indecencies overshadowed the writer’s true originality and talent.
		His literary portrait was so compelling that he became a worshipped idol for the generations of youngsters to come.
	www.faculty.fairfield.edu /faculty/hodgson/RussiaDiversity/LastYear/Thebeats.htm (3389 words)

	Introduction to Modern Literary Theory
		A literary movement that started in the late 1920s and 1930s and originated in reaction to traditional criticism that new critics saw as largely concerned with matters extraneous to the text, e.g., with the biography or psychology of the author or the work's relationship to literary history.
		These linguistic movements began in the 1920s, were suppressed by the Soviets in the 1930s, moved to Czechoslovakia and were continued by members of the Prague Linguistic Circle (including Roman Jakobson, Jan Mukarovsky, and René Wellek).
		In contrast, it views literary language as self-focused: its function is not to make extrinsic references, but to draw attention to its own "formal" features--that is, to interrelationships among the linguistic signs themselves.
	www.kristisiegel.com /theory.htm (5967 words)

	pARadOXisM - the last vanguard, especially in literature and art, of second millennium
		PARADOXISM is an avant-garde movement in literature, art, philosophy, science, based on excessive use of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, parables, odds, paradoxes in creations.
		Paradoxism = paradox+ism, means the theory and school of using paradoxes in literary and artistic creation.
		However, the Paradoxist Movement is neither nihilism, nor disparity.
	www.geocities.com /charlestle/paradoxism.html (975 words)

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