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Topic: Literature of China

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	Comparative Literature in China
		The establishing of comparative literature as a field of study at National Tsinghua University (Beijing) in the 1920s is probably one of the most important events in the early history of comparative literature in China.
		Obviously, the political exclusion of comparative literature was a consequence of Mao’s cultural policy and an extension of the establishment of political uniformity in the domain of literary studies.
		The crisis of comparative literature that has been a cause of concern for scholars in China in recent years registers, in fact, a deeper level of crisis that is also the crisis of the ideological and political foundation of comparative literature -- its conviction in the existence of the universality of literary values.
	clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu /clcweb00-4/zhou&tong00.html (5422 words)

	China - Traditional Literature
		China has a wealth of classical literature, both poetry and prose, dating from the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770-221 B.C.) and including the Classics attributed to Confucius.
		By 1932 it had adopted the Soviet doctrine of socialist realism, that is, the insistence that art must concentrate on contemporary events in a realistic way, exposing the ills of nonsocialist society and promoting the glorious future under communism.
		Authors were permitted to write about contemporary China, as well as other times during China's modern period--as long as it was accomplished with the desired socialist revolutionary realism.
	countrystudies.us /china/73.htm (1408 words)

	CREATING INTEPRETIVE POSSIBILITIES WITH LITERATURE
		China was a highly-developed cultural civilization that defied easy conversion and any change seemed to have to take place from within rather than from outside.
		Since the prevailing theme of modern Chinese literature was the struggle for national survival in the global context of colonization, Western authors and their works were chosen on the basis of their social criticalness, political subversiveness and moral standards.
		China is developing a postmodern and postcolonial vocabulary of her own, which is enabling her to interpret and speak wisely and eloquently about the past, present and future of the multilayered reality of human experiences in the coming millennium of global integration.
	www.langandlit.ualberta.ca /archives/vol22papers/yangsheng.htm (4073 words)

	CNN.com - Red fades to gray - Mar 27, 2006
		Writer Mian Mian's response to her book of titillating tales of sex and drugs being banned across mainland China was simpler: Remain in Shanghai and continue the lifestyle that earned her the reputation as China's literary wild child, writing on once-taboo topics and promoting Shanghai's local music scene.
		The novel is loosely based on her life as a rebellious teen drug user in Shanghai and on the streets of Shenzhen, a gritty, bustling metropolis in southern China resting on the other side of the border from Hong Kong.
		China's government censors labeled Mian the "poster child for spiritual pollution" in the country.
	edition.cnn.com /2006/SHOWBIZ/books/03/23/china.authors (944 words)

	China, Nuclear Weapons, and Arms Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		China has been largely overlooked in the global nuclear equation—for too long, argue the authors of this new Council report.
		The authors then elaborate a preliminary agenda for exploring with China the requirements of strategic stability in the emerging era and of testing Beijing’s intention to continue some form of restraint in the years ahead.
		China, Nuclear Weapons, and Arms Control offers the kind of reasoned analysis and intellectual honesty that is essential if new challenges are to be dealt with in ways that secure U.S. interests.
	www.brookings.edu /press/books/clientpr/cfr/china_nuclearweapons.htm (259 words)

	Chinese Literature
		According to the 1989 census, their number in China was estimated to be about 7 million.
		Outside China they live in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Burma, due to migrations starting in the 18th century, and also in the United States, French Guyana and Australia, as a result of recent migrations in the aftermath of the Indochinese wars.
		The early literature, which began as an oral tradition, depicted a love of nature and man and held that man was a part of nature.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /ChineseLit (1084 words)

	esamskriti- China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The school of Buddhism that prevailed in China as the Kosa school was later absorbed into the Fa Hsiang School.
		The vast literature preserved in Chinese consisting of translations from the original Indian Buddhist works in Sanskrit amply testify to the study of Sanskrit during the first millennium a.d.
		It appears that Prakrit was also known in China in the early centuries of the Christian era and is supposed to have played an important role in the propagation of Buddhism in the country.
	www.esamskriti.com /html/new_inside.asp?cat_name=cultphil&sid=9007&count1=1&cid=539 (1535 words)

	Chinese Literature forum opened! - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		Chinese Literature is one of the most important pillars of chinese culture (along with history and philosophy).
		China History Forum is hosted on a AMD Opteron Server managed by MicfoGroup.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=8898 (332 words)

	China Arts and Literature
		An exciting archaeological find was made in 1974, when peasants digging a well uncovered the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the emperor who first united the warring states of ancient China in 221 BC.
		Buried with him was a life sized army of terracotta statues, each one different and armed with real weapons.
		His work was banned in China for political reasons.
	www.cp-pc.ca /english/china/arts.html (412 words)

	CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		China Faces the New Industrial Revolution China science policy paper 'China Faces the New Industrial Revolution: Achievement and Uncertainty in the Search for Research and Innovation Strategies' by Richard P. Suttmeier, Professor of Political Science, University of Oregon, and Cong Cao, Research Associate, Center for Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Oregon.
		China and the United States: from hostility to engagement "[C]ritical documentation on key aspects of the U.S.-Chinese relationship, with a focus on the years 1969 to the present."
		China Research and Resource Centre "Universities Service Centre, which located in the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is a world famous China Research and Resource centre.
	link.lanic.utexas.edu /asnic/countries/china (1509 words)

	Chinese Literature (China)
		Ancient literature is a precious cultural heritage of China's several thousand years of civilization.
		Records of the Historian, written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, is respected as a model of biographical literature, and The Peacock Flies to the Southeast represents the magnificent yuefu folk songs.
		The founding of New China in 1949 serves as a signpost for the beginning of contemporary Chinese literature.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/china/literature.htm (766 words)

	China, Chinese Literature & Philosophy : contemporary : bajin
		In September, 1953, Ba was elected vice-chairman of China Writers' Association while working as chief editor of Shanghai-based literary magazines of "Literary and Art Monthly", "Harvest" and "Shanghai Literature".
		Back to work from ten years of Cultural Revolution turmoil in China, Ba worked as chairman of China Writers' Association, vice-chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and vice-chairman of CPPCC Shanghai Municipal Committee from 1977 to 1983.
		Ba Jin is one of the few writers in China who live not on government pay but on royalties from their works.
	www.chinesecultureonline.org /literature.jsp?catName=contemporary¢erName=bajin (857 words)

	Researching China
		China and Europe: 1500-2000 and Beyond: From 1000-1500, China led the world in economic development.
		The China WWW Virtual Library, maintained by Sinological Institute, Leiden University, with support from the Institute of Chinese Studies, Heidelberg University, the Berlin State Library, and the German Research Foundation.
		China Dimensions: a site with a variety of socioeconomic data, including Geographic Information System (GIS) databases that cover the administrative regions of China and socioeconomic data to track China's economic growth, population increases, and environmental change.
	www2.warwick.ac.uk /fac/arts/ctccs/staff/chan/china (1159 words)

	Language & Literature - China Gateway
		One endless source of confusion for anyone who reads about China in another language is how to render the sounds of Chinese words in a recognizable form.
		Access to classical and modern Chinese literature – for both the casual and the scholarly reader – has suddenly become far easier with the availability of e-texts in various formats.
		As its name suggests, hardly restricted to literature, but a vast clearinghouse with full-text links; bibliographies for author and media studies; image banks and more.
	www.bc.edu /research/chinagateway/culthist/langlit.html (968 words)

	Chinese Literature
		Classical literature refers to the earliest period and covers works from three thousands years ago to the late Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), and is a virtually unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes.
		Contemporary literature embraces the works from the late Qing Dynasty to the May Fourth Movement of 1919 (a patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism).
		Modern literature spanned the period from 1919 to the foundation of modern China in 1949 and took on a new vigor, despite the fact that Chinese was in the throws of checkered and complicated times.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/literature.htm (614 words)

	Learn About China
		Ancient China Daily Life - learn what it was like to live in China in ancient times - includes family life, who's who in the dynasty structure, religion, farming, houses, education, jobs, clothes, etc. plus links to other sites about ancient China.
		China: Dim Sum - A Connection to Chinese-American Culture - Lesson plans and activities along with information and printable handouts.
		China 5K: Timeline of the History of China - photos and information about culture, art, education, science, and government of China - organized by dynasty.
	www.kent.k12.wa.us /KSD/DE/research/china (417 words)

	Ming China: Ming Literature
		At the top, literature and literary style had become moribund, fossilized by the insistence by the scholars on a rigid style and adherence to the Chinese classics.
		In the areas, then, of classical Chinese literary forms, such as essays, philosophy, and poetry, all written in Classical Chinese, Chinese literature during the Ming is generally stultified and conservative.
		Innovations in paper manufacture made paper cheaper, and the Ming period is characterized by the phenomenal growth of printers all throughout the empire.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/MING/LIT.HTM (1077 words)

	Antioch Missions - Chinese Church Support Ministries : China Christian Literature
		It is used by pastors in China as a handbook for discipling the many new believers.
		We are also open to literature 'joint ventures' with individuals or churches assisting us in producing literature for China.
		If you are interested in helping to carry these books into China for our brothers and sisters there, please read the page describing the work of the Courier Teams and request our leaflet on Courier Teams.
	www.am-ccsm.org /litforchina.htm (1209 words)

	China Booklist
		The literature about China is so vast, and I’ve read so little of it, that I can only offer a very idiosyncratic selection.
		Hansen does seem to have an agenda, which apparently is to show that China was not the hermetically sealed, introverted entity she is popularly imagined to have been.
		He opened the talk by saying: “The main question we have to ask about modern Chinese literature is: Why is none of it much good?” I am not sufficiently well-read to say whether or not this is a fair judgment; but it sure is a very common one among the experts.
	www.olimu.com /Notes/ChinaBooklist.htm (1485 words)

	China Destroys Sect's Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		These scenes on today's evening news in China showed the government's determination to wipe out the words of the leader of Falun Gong, a popular meditation group banned last week as a threat to communist rule.
		Until the ban, Falun Gong was one of many schools of qigong, a traditional practice that uses exercise, meditation and attempts to channel unseen forces to improve health.
		An official estimate said 70 million people in China practiced Falun Gong before the ban, but later government reports put the group's membership at 2 million.
	www.rickross.com /reference/fa_lun_gong/falun53.html (418 words)

	Literature - China / Taiwan - QuickTopic free message board hosting
		Mian Mian was one of the first writers to address China's underworld of drug addicts and social misfits as the country began in the 1980s to race away from decades of communist dystopia and headlong to full-blown commercialism and self-nihilism.
		Academics may point to the turbulent and confused history of Taiwanese literature to explain its lukewarm reception abroad.
		But others feel that the roots of the problem lay not with overseas readers concepts and ideas of what Taiwan is, but, instead, with the changing face of local reading habits.
	www.quicktopic.com /27/H/CrqiA4fhai8CY (441 words)

	Reading the Chinese Medical Literature from China Critically
		Although I believe it is impossible to really understand this system without reading the Chinese medical literature from China (preferably in Chinese), nevertheless, when reading this literature, it is extremely important not to accept everything written by a Chinese as equally valid or commendable.
		As I have written elsewhere and often, I believe that the system of Chinese medicine as taught at the major Chinese medical colleges in the People’s Republic of China is extremely dependent on the proper use of technical terms.
		While it is true that all three of the disease categories exemplified by these case histories are diseases which might be treated by astringing and securing, it is also important to note that loss of astringency and failure to secure is only one disease mechanism resulting in these three diseases.
	www.paradigm-pubs.com /paradigm/refs/flaws/rccrit.htm (2831 words)

	China's Linktone Launches Mobile Literature Channel
		Linktone Ltd., a provider of wireless value-added services (WVAS) to mobile phone users in China, announced that it has launched a mobile literature channel in China, called the "m-Novel" Channel.
		The first literature being published through this channel is a romantic story titled, Distance, written by Xuan Huang, a prominent new-generation novelist from Taiwan.
		Xuan Huang, a well-known writer, TV and radio host, and flash producer, is the creator of the Taiwanese flash character, "A-Kuei", a grade three student whose stories mirror part of the life of grown-ups.
	www.writenews.com /2004/120304_china_mobile_literature.htm (382 words)

	CHINA BOOKS: Literature: Modern Poetry & Prose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)*
		All evoke the colour and energy of life, for Lao She is also a connoisseur of the everyday with a keen appreciation of the concrete detail.
		It is in literature such as this that we see the work of a perceptive and critical eye dealing with a historic epoch, examining life with art and thereby striving to transform both.
		Pu Ning, acclaimed as ‘the Solzhenitsyn of China,’ is one of the most controversial, influential and admired writers in modern Chinese literature.
	www.chinabooks.com.au /generalcatalogue/litmod.htm (1952 words)

	China's Gao Wins Literature Nobel - CBS News
		He left China a year after and lives in Paris, the citation said.
		"In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses," the academy said in its citation.
		The literature award — usually the first — was the fifth and last Nobel prize unveiled in Stockholm this week.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2000/10/12/world/main240533.shtml (605 words)

	20th-Century Prose & Poetry: Politics and Literature in Modern China
		Contemporary writers often seem to divide into two camps, those who insist on a totally aesthetic reading of their works, and the politically engaged authors who believe that artists have a moral duty to address the problems of real life in their work.
		The question of how politics and literature related to each other was especially difficult for Chinese artists to confront, because literature had always played a political and social role in traditional Chinese society.
		He found it easier, in other words, to address ideological concerns in their own terms, rather than to risk having readers misunderstand his stories, finding "messages" he had not meant to send.
	newman.baruch.cuny.edu /digital/2000/c_n_c_old/c_10_20th_cent/politics.htm (685 words)

	China, Chinese Literature & Philosophy : :
		China, representing one of the earliest civilizations in the world, has a recorded history of about 5,000 years.
		During the long period of development, the industrious, courageous, and intelligent Chineses created rich traditions, cultures and histories, which are great contributions to all of mankind.
		Next chronicle briefs the history of China, while right column highlights the great Chinese classic literature, and great Chinese classic philosophers and their philosophies.
	www.chinesecultureonline.org /literature.jsp (176 words)

	China Says Nobel Literature Prize Discriminatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Nobel Literature Prize was "restricted to certain regions
		China has a population of 1.2 billion -- the world's largest -- and
		The commentary said the Nobel Literature Prize was awarded to
	www.tibet.ca /en/wtnarchive/1997/1/25_1.html (355 words)

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