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Topic: Literature of Romania

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	Literature of Romania - Definition, explanation
		Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
		The culture of Romania was heavily influenced by Byzantine Orthodoxy, which was brought via the Slavs, so the earliest traslations into Romanian were from Slavonic religious texts of the 15th century.
		The 18th century in the Romanian lands was dominated by the Ottoman Empire, which decided not to allow Romanian rulers in Wallachia and Moldavia and to use Greek merchants of Istanbul, called phanariotes.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/li/literature_of_romania.php (964 words)

	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Romania is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary and Serbia in the west and Bulgaria to the south.
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a US $547547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
		Romania was invited by the European Union in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/r/ro/romania.html (981 words)

	Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the Moldavian domnitor Alexander John Cuza.
		Romania was granted in October 2004 the much desired 'functional market economy' status by EU officials, and is expected to join the EU in January 2007.
		Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and it is expected that this, along with increased foreign investment, will boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romania (4181 words)

	MSN Encarta - Romania
		About 43 percent of land in Romania is cultivated for crops or used for orchards, and the soils in most parts of the country are fertile.
		Romania also holds a wealth of mineral deposits, particularly petroleum, natural gas, salt, hard coal, lignite (brown coal), iron ore, copper, bauxite, chromium, manganese, lead, and zinc.
		Before World War II (1939-1945), Romania was largely a nation of farmers, with more than three-quarters of the population living in isolated rural villages.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559516_2/Romania.html (716 words)

	Literature of Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
		The first book that was printed in Romania was a Slavonic religious book in 1508, and the first one printed in the Romanian language was a catechism of Deacon Coresi in 1559.
		Born in Romania, Tristan Tzara, a French poet and essayist, is the founder of Dada, a nihilistic revolutionary movement in the arts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Literature_of_Romania (1275 words)

	Romania : RO
		Romania : RO Romania : RO Romania : RO Romania (formerly sometimes spelled Rumania and Roumania) is a country in southeastern Europe.
		The modern Romania was born when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1859, and became independent in 1881.
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a US $547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
	www.freearchive.info /ro/ro.html (962 words)

	Romania
		The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
		Union of Tranylvania with Romania was ratified in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.
		Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and this, along with increased foreign investment, is expected to boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Romania (1999 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The average gross wage per month in Romania is 6,721,855 lei as of July 2003, an increase of 3.8% over the previous month.
		The official language is Romanian, a Latin language member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which are also called Romanic, and are spoken by about 670 million people in many parts of the world, but mainly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
		Romania is the only Eastern Bloc country where a Romance language is dominant (Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria have small isolated pockets which are generally dying out).
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/r/ro/romania.html (870 words)

	[No title]
		Romania is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary and Serbia in the west and
		Romania was granted in October 2004 the much desired 'functional market economy' status by EU officials, with some reserves - especially related to aspects mentioned in the paragraph above.
		In Dobrogea, the region lying on the shore of the Black Sea, there is a small Muslim minority (of Turkish and Tatar ethnicity), a remnant of the Ottoman colonization of that province in the past.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Romania (1096 words)

	Romania - Gurupedia
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a
		The average gross wage per month in Romania is 8,065,813 lei as of January 2004, an increase of a significant 7.8% over the previous month.
		Latin language member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which are also called Romanic, and are spoken by about 670 million people in many parts of the world, but mainly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
	www.gurupedia.com /r/ro/romania.htm (873 words)

	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first two would be under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, but with internal autonomy, the third at first belonged to Hungary, also having a large autonomy, then to Austria-Hungary.
		Parts of Romania were incorporated by the Soviet Union in 1940, mostly comprising the present-day country of Moldova.
		Romania is the only Eastern Bloc country where a Romance language is spoken.
	usapedia.com /r/romania.html (858 words)

	Romania › News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Pechenegs, the Cumans and Uzes were also mentioned by historic chronicles on the territory of Romania until the founding of the Valachian principalities of Wallachia by Basarab I, and Moldavia by Dragos during the 14th century.
		At the end of the WW I which brought the disintegration of the empires of Russia and Austro-Hungary and the rise of Bolshevism in Hungary and Russia, Transylvania and Bessarabia opted for a Union with the Romanian Kingdom in 1918.
		Romania was granted in October 2004 the much desired 'functional market economy' status by EU officials.
	www.romanian.eu.com (1795 words)

	Romanian literature — FactMonster.com
		The mainspring of this movement was Ion Eliade (1802–72), known as Radulescu, and its outcome was a dictionary of the Romanian language produced (1871–76) by August Laurianu et al., in which all words of non-Latin origin were eliminated.
		In 1860 Latin replaced Cyrillic as the official Romanian alphabet (the church used the Cyrillic until 1890); 1860 thus marks the beginning of modern Romanian literature.
		Some significant younger writers are the novelists Zaharia Stancu, Marin Preda, Titus Popovici, and Norman Manea and the poets Veronica Porumbacu, Alexandu Jar, and Maria Banusi.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0842308.html (468 words)

	LITERATURE OF ROMANIA FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian_language.
		After achieving national unity in 1918, Romanian literature entered what can be called a golden_age, characterized by the development of the Romanian novel.
		George_Calinescu is another complex personality or the Romanian literature: novelist, play writer, poet, literary critic and historian, essayist, journalist.
	www.witwib.com /Literature_of_Romania (1159 words)

	Romanian literature on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mainspring of this movement was Ion Eliade (1802-72), known as Radulescu, and its outcome was a dictionary of the Romanian language produced (1871-76) by August Laurianu et al., in which all words of non-Latin origin were eliminated.
		Other outstanding names in drama are Ion Luca Caragiale, a master of the comedy of manners; Ronetti Roman (1853-1908), author of the tragedy Manasse (1900), dealing with the conflict of Jews and Christians in Romania; Victor Eftimiu, who experimented with poetic drama; and Lucian Blaga.
		Poetry flourished after Titu Maiorescu (1840-1917) founded (1867) the cosmopolitan journal Convorbiri literare [literary conversations] at Jassy in Moldavia, and soon began to publish the lyrics of Mihail Eminescu.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/romnilit.asp (758 words)

	Adventist Review: Inside Communist Romania
		Realizing the need for religious literature in Romania, he dedicated himself with enthusiasm and full energy to the worthy cause, even while fully aware of the consequences.
		The only copies of Ellen White’s books in existence in Romania at that time were translations that had been produced in the archaic language of the 1920s and 1930s.
		Missionary meetings were organized in different parts of Romania, and lay missionaries have been paid to go from house to house distributing Adventist literature and giving Bible studies.
	www.adventistreview.org /2001-1524/story1.html (2356 words)

	Philatelic Literature on Romania
		It was not until the 1930's that a convincing analysis of the sheet size was given, and not until 1962 that the first stamps used in the town of Husi were reported.
		The result is a compilation of published philatelic and non-philatelic works related to the postage stamps of and the postal service in Romania, and more questions than I can handle in a lifetime.
		Romania: Forgeries of the Bulls Head Issues of the Principality of Moldavia.
	www.cse.psu.edu /~dheller/post/bib.html (6261 words)

	Romania - IYPY - London Book Fair - Literature - British Council - Arts
		As the business was a start-up, at the beginning he was in charge of almost everything: editing, printing, sales and marketing.
		Cristian presently manages Amaltea, supervising the sales and marketing dept. and the financial dept. The company is oriented in self-help and motivational books, medical books, fantasy and science-fiction, and is ranked among the first 20 publishers in Romania.
		Personally he is mostly oriented in developing and promoting the new books series.Cristian was elected to the Board of the Romanian Publishers’ Association and currently he holds the position of Treasurer.
	www.britishcouncil.org /arts-literature-londonbookfair2005-romania.htmarts-literature-londonbookfair2005-romania (298 words)

	Words Without Borders: OCTOBER 2004
		At the crossroads between East and West, past and present, brutality and romance, lies the verdant cultural landscape of Romania.
		In poetry, Mariana Marin, Romania's Sylvia Plath, confronts her Karenina complex, and Marta Petreu conflates the all-consuming fires of love and death.
		Translator Julian Semilian deserves special thanks for his work in a language that is among the least-known in the Romance family.
	www.wordswithoutborders.org /front.php?date=OCTOBER+2004 (226 words)

	Gourmet Food Shop >> Taste of Romania: Its Cookery and Glimpses of Its History, Folklore, Art, Literature, and ...
		Since I left Romania at 15 (over 18 years ago), it's nice to remember some of the Romanian cooking I grew up with.
		Interspersed throughout the book are short history lessons about Romania, fairy tales, and poetry, as well as Klepper's comments explaining the cooking culture.
		Comment: Somehow, everyone in Romania seems to believe that their heaviest food is also the tastiest.
	www.advancingwomen.com /gourmetfoodshop/?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=0781807662 (907 words)

	Stanfords Travel Writing & Other Literature for Romania
		There is something about the art of travel writing that seems to bring out the very best in the most skilful practitioners.
		Winds of Sorrow is an eclectic collection of essays compiled by Alan Ogden during his travels around Transylvania in northern Romania between 1998 and 2004.
		Like her journey from Dunkirk to Delhi (the account of which resulted in her first book Full Tilt), the first desire to go to Transylvania...
	www.stanfords.co.uk /go/romania/travel-writing-other-literature (214 words)

	Romanian literature (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(1852) marked a first effort to counteract the strong French influence on Romanian literature.
		(1900), dealing with the conflict of Jews and Christians in Romania; Victor Eftimiu, who experimented with poetic drama; and Lucian Blaga.
		Literature festival begins in Romanian seaside resort (AP Worldstream)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0842308.html (554 words)

	DefendAmerica News - Article
		Valentin stated that although Romania was unified in 1918 it still was under the control of the “Iron Curtain of communism” until the fall of communism in Europe in 1989; thereafter, re-establishing its democracy.
		“To preserve and improve its democratic evolution, Romania has only one objective - to be part of the Euro Atlantic Security structure and part of Europe,” Valentin added.
		Reiterating Cojocar’s words, the host of the event shared time with each coalition partner explaining Romania’s history and showing them some of the finer locations in the country through books, computer images and postcards.
	www.defendamerica.mil /articles/dec2003/a120303b.html (409 words)

	Taste of Romania: Its Cookery and Glimpses of Its History, Folklore, Art, Literature, and Poetry (New Hippocrene ...
		Taste of Romania: Its Cookery and Glimpses of Its History, Folklore, Art, Literature, and Poetry (New Hippocrene Original Cookbooks): Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data
		Taste of Romania: Its Cookery and Glimpses of Its History, Folklore, Art, Literature, and Poetry (New Hippocrene Original Cookbooks)
		Over 140 recipes, including the specialty dishes of Romania's top chefs, are intermingled with fables, poetry, illustrations, and photos.
	www.halloween.com /halloween-books/free.php?in=us&asin=0781807662 (262 words)

	AllRefer.com - Romanian literature (Miscellaneous European Literature) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Miscellaneous European Literature > Romanian literature
		In 1541 a catechism in Romanian was issued at Sibiu, and from 1560 liturgical works were published in Romanian to meet the needs of the local Calvinist Church.
		Some significant younger writers are the novelists Zaharia Stancu, Marin Preda, and Titus Popovici, and the poets Veronica Porumbacu, Alexandu Jar, and Maria Banusi.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Romnilit.html (644 words)

	Language and Literature: Romania: Selected Internet Resources (Portals to the World, Library of Congress)
		These web sites provide information and links relating to the Romanian language and literature, including learning aides and dictionaries.
		For information pertaining to the many minority languages spoken in Romania, consult Ethnic Minorities in Romania.
		For information pertaining to ethnic Romanian groups outside Romania and their dialects, such as Meglenoromanian, see Society: The Romanian Diaspora.
	loc.gov /rr/international/european/romania/resources/ro-language.html (282 words)

	Queen Marie of Romania, Papers
		Marie was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria and married Ferdinand of Romania in 1893.
		Marie, who became Queen of the Romanians in 1914, was popular among the Romanian public and served as a nurse during World War I. Queen Marie had six children of which Princess Ileana was fifth, being born in 1909.
		Balcic was located in southern Romania on the Black Sea and was a residence of Queen Marie.
	speccoll.library.kent.edu /women/queen.html (7750 words)

	Civic Heraldry literature
		Not all the information from the literature mentioned below has been added to the site yet.
		If you require information from one of the sources below, please mail me.
		Not really heraldic literature, but all municipal arms are shown in the book.
	www.ngw.nl /literatu.htm (5534 words)

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