
	Where results make sense

Topic: Lithic flake

Related Topics

Lithic core

Lithic reduction

Stone tool

Lithic analysis

Grinding slab

Chert

Axe

Franz Boas

Chalcedony

Water

	Lithic flake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In archaeology, a lithic flake is a thin, sharp fragment of stone that results from the process of lithic reduction.
		When a flake is detached from its parent core by either method, a portion of the cone of force caused by the detachment blow is detached with it, leaving a distinctive bulb of applied force on the flake and a corresponding flake scar on the core.
		Primary cortex flakes are those whose dorsal surfaces are entirely covered with cortex; secondary cortex flakes have at least a trace of cortex on the dorsal surface; and tertiary (interior) flakes lack cortex, having derived entirely from the interior of the core.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithic_flake (770 words)

	Lithics Glossary
		Flake Scar A scare that remains on a flaked artifact resulting from the removal of a flake during the manufacture of the artifact.
		Flaking, Oblique Transverse A unique flaking style in which the removal of flakes from a blade face results in long diagonal parallel flake scars which extend from one side of the blade across the blade face to the other side of the blade.
		Flaking, Secondary Following the primary flaking, this flaking technique was applied to remove medium-sized pressure or percussion flakes in shaping the blade and basal edges, forming notches or producing serrations.
	members.aol.com /artgumbus/glossary.html (7645 words)

	Eraillure
		In lithic analysis (a subdivision of archaeology), an eraillure is a small secondary flake removed from a lithic flake's bulb of force, which is a lump left on the dorsal surface of a flake after it is detached from a core of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction.
		The mechanics of eraillure formation are related to the propagation of a Hertzian cone[?] of force through the cryptocrystalline matrix of the stone, but the particulars are poorly understood.
		Eraillures form only when a hammerstone is used for lithic reduction, and then only occasionally; use of soft hammer[?] fabricators made from bone, antler, and wood produce different flake characteristics.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/er/Eraillure.html (109 words)

	[No title]
		A platform rejuvenation tablet (or core rejuvenation flake) is the result of the process by which the exhausted or ruined core platform would be removed as a tabular flake thereby establishing a new platform (Crabtree 1982,, 50).
		A flake from a polished axe is a flake which has retained a portion of the surface of an intentionally polished tool on part or all of its dorsal surface.
		These flakes can be the result of damage to a polished axe or can occur from the reduction of the damaged tool (for example, when it is used as a core to extract the remaining usable raw material).
	www.hf.uio.no /iakh/forskning/sarc/iakh/lithic/debitage.html (1837 words)

	Chipped Stone Tools
		A flake is a piece of lithic material intentionally made with distinguishing feautures such as a definite inner and outer surface, and a location where force was applied to it to separate it from the original raw material.
		Unimarginal flakes are flakes with clear dorsal and ventral surfaces, and edge modification.
		Bimarginal flakes are flakes with clear dorsal and ventral surfaces, and edge modification.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/anthropology/w_edge/stonetools.htm (264 words)

	THE FLAKE--Stepchild of Lithic Analysis
		By convention we say a flake is removed from the not-flake in the sense a baby is removed from its mother.
		It is determined by the surface topology of the not-flake prior to the removal of the flake (Pelcin 1996:284).
		In 2004, I wrote the paper, "The Lithic Containers of the Archaeological Record", in which I argued that in lithic-rich regions the discarded bifaces, blade cores, and Levallois cores were the by-product of flake extraction.
	www.ele.net /flake/flake.htm (3193 words)

	Mesa vs Folsom Lithic Technologies
		This effort is responsible for the variation between the lithic technologies of Mesa and Folsom and, in fact, these two technologies represent the extremes of a lithic technology continuum that is graduated in effort.
		In addition to making routine flakes to use during their stay at the source, which is the same behavior as the Mesa people, they also prepared lithic material for transport into and through the lithic-poor regions.
		When the Folsom people moved away from the lithic source, they now relied on the bifaces that were created at the lithic source for their flakes.
	www.ele.net /mesa_folsom/mesa_fol.htm (4213 words)

	Flake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		fish flake, a platform made from dried timber where fish (predominantly cod-fish) can be cured in the sun.
		a Lithic flake, a fragment of stone found in archaeology.
		Flake (rat) is a character in The Deptford Mouselets
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flake (191 words)

	GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN LITHIC ANALYSIS
		Sometimes the eraillure flake adheres to the core in the bulbar scar.
		The eraillure flake is convex/concave (like a meniscus lens), has no distinct features on the "dorsal face", but may contain compression rings on the bulbar face.
		FLAKED PIECE: A chipped artefact which cannot be classified as a flake, core, or retouched flake.
	arts.anu.edu.au /arcworld/resources/stonegloss/gloss.htm (2803 words)

	Mount Rainier National Park: Environment, Prehistory & Archaeology (Appendix B) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Flakes with a biface edge platform or with multiple dorsal flake scars, often with longitudinal flake scar ridges.
		A flat nodule or large flake that was flaked on one or two faces but the edge is not contiguous-early stage biface.
		Retouch is identified as patterned flaking with flake scars 3 mm or greater.
	www.nps.gov /mora/ncrd/archaeology/appb.htm (1314 words)

	-- artefact & environmental: the lithic material --
		The flint becomes opaque on finer flakes and is of a good quality with few flaws or fossils.
		Regardless of function the invasive pressure flaked retouch suggests a date from the later Neolithic or early Bronze Age.
		One is a squat flake with battered edges (Find no. 992); the second is the proximal end of a narrow blade (Find no. 993).
	www.archaeologicalplanningconsultancy.co.uk /mono/001/rep_lithics.html (2267 words)

	glossary
		Blade: a long, thin, and parallel-sided stone flake*, usually removed from a carefully prepared core, often by means of a punch.
		Lithic: of or pertaining to stone, as in lithic* technology or lithic artifacts.
		Pressure flaking: a stone-working technique in which thin flakes* or blades are removed from a core or artifact by applying pressure with an antler, bone, or wood flaker.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mmoss/GLOSSARY.HTM (3630 words)

	STONE TOOLS
		Lithic artifacts are particularly common in Layer II (more than 90 % of all quantity) but are also present in Layers III and IV.
		The dorsal surfaces of the flakes normally have flake scars which are usually struck from the same direction as the flake itself and show serial knapping of flakes.
		A multiple burin is present, manufactured on a large flake with an edge retouched ventral face.
	www.dmanisi.org.ge /Lithics.htm (258 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for flake
		Tapioca is sold in flake or flour form and as the pellet pearl tapioca.
		The effect of lab-made flakes on physical and mechanical property variability of laboratory flakeboard.
		Mechanism of aluminum flake orientation in metallic topcoats.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=flake (692 words)

	Dept of Anthropology \| LITHIC
		Lithic Technology I, a broad survey of the fundamental concepts of lithic technology, including mechanical properties of tool stone; lithic heat treatment; prehistoric quarrying and mining strategies; elementary concepts of flaking stone; flake-core technologies; bipolar reduction; sequent-flake reduction strategies; pressure flaking; fluting; weaponry; specialized tool production; and the functioning of lithic technological systems.
		Lithic Technology II, intensive study of blade-core technologies throughout the world; drilling of, and with, stone; production of soft-stone implements; axe industries; abrading tools; and the quarrying and production of millstones.
		Lithic Analysis, devoted primarily to the analysis and interpretation of debitage assemblages and of lithic economic systems.
	anthropology.ucr.edu /lithic/courses.html (115 words)

	Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center: The Process of Archaeology: Lab Analysis: Lithic Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Lithic analysis might sort artifacts into different kinds of stone tools, such as knives, points, drills.
		Flakes have very sharp edges and were often used as cutting tools.
		Each flake will have a bulb of percussion at the place where the flake was hit.
	www.uwlax.edu /MVAC/ProcessArch/ProcessArch/lab_lithic.html (674 words)

	Thetford Forest Archaeology - Lithics - Prehistoric Struck Flints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the early 20th century, the Brecks were a favourite hunting ground for the collectors of prehistoric flint tools, who promoted the district as one of the richest sources of Stone Age artefacts in Eastern England, and as a centre of late prehistoric (8,300 BC to AD 40) activity.
		However, in the majority of cases, it is the flakes themselves that are removed from the core, that are intended to be used or altered into tools - such as knives, arrowheads, scrapers, or just as sharp edges.
		These flakes may be suggesting an earlier exploitation of the district, perhaps during the Later Mesolithic or Earlier Neolithic.
	spamandchips.net /archaeology/lithic.htm (1332 words)

	1999 Lithic - Summary and Future Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Identified from the sample of lithic material recovered during the 1999 field season was chert debitage mainly consisting of indeterminate flakes.
		A large percentage of these flakes were secondary indicating the possibility of a type of flake tool manufacturing method as opposed to full blown lithic production at Lamanai.
		Further comparison of Lamanai lithics with that of Colha and other surrounding centers should allow typological and chronological distinctions to be discerned regarding ancient Maya production and consumption-not only during the end of the Classic through the Postclassic-but also for earlier and later time periods.
	www.lamanai.org /archfiles/1999lithic/sumandresearch.htm (387 words)

	PreHistory Glossary and Dictionary
		The lithic industry is especially characterised by the Gravette point, a narrow elongated blade, one edge of which has been transformed into a back through continuous retouch.
		PRESSURE-FLAKING: Pressure flaking is the process of forming an artifact by removing surplus material in the form of chips and flakes by a pressing force rather than by percussion.
		TRANCHET AXE: A prehistoric stone tool with a sharp cutting edge produced when a flake is removed at right angles to the main axis which enables the axe to be resharpened as required.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Dictionary.html (1725 words)

	Arubo 1: Early Palaeolithic in Luzon
		Fox and Peralta’s determination of a secondary modification on 30% of all flaked artefacts could not be confirmed and even the distinction between artefact and geofact seemed to be problematic on a significant number of the findings.
		This blade-like flake is therefore rather elongated and also slightly laterally curved with one convex and one concave edge.
		Sergej Semenov, who perhaps deserves to be regarded as the initiator of Lithic Technology and Functional Analysis and who was a contemporary of Movius made it clear that the form of stone tools is induced by their function rather than their cultural association (Semenov 1964: 199-206).
	homepages.uni-tuebingen.de /alfred.pawlik/Arubian.htm (7969 words)

	Stone Age Artifacts Picture Gallery
		Their uniform flaking patterns are made with a manufacturing technique called flake-over-grinding, a lithic technology that has its roots in Predynastic Egypt and the Late Neolithic period in northern Europe.
		The Lithic Artists Guild's web site is located at www.lithicartistsguild.com The Lithic Artist's Guild's office phone number is 641 625 4180 and address, Lithic Artists Guild, P.O. Box 63, Pella, IA 50219.
		In ancient times, the preforms were produced by first percussion and pressure flaking them into shape, then they were were ground until most of the flake scars were removed.
	lithiccastinglab.com /gallerypage.htm (854 words)

	Uwharries Lithics Conference: Lee Novick
		Alternate flakes are identified in the archaeological record by the tabular edges and their flat platforms [Slide 10].
		Noncortical flakes are removed and these are usually large in size and they don't exhibit the curvature that you associate with a bifacial flake.
		The analyses of the flake and the platform are critical to interpretations of what the presence of the flake means with respect to the activities conducted at the site in the past.
	www.arch.dcr.state.nc.us /uwharrie/novick26am.html (4455 words)

	EXPERT SYSTEMS
		The use of rule based expert systems is a practical approach to lithic studies that bridges the gap between processual and post processual archaeology.
		Not only must the interpretations be consistent with use-wear analysis and lithic programs, but non-lithic material such as the faunal assemblage, environmental evidence and spatial information from the site and any chronological evidence.
		In the case of tool 33 this gives a non-cortical morphological flake that was made using a blade technology with soft hammer and is an end scraper
	www.hf.uio.no /iakh/forskning/sarc/iakh/lithic/expsys.html (2013 words)

	3D Knowledge: Acquisition, Representation and Analysis
		Current Limitations: Refitting lithic artifacts by manual trial and error is an accurate, but highly labor-intensive, method thatrequires the entire sample of artifacts to be present in a single lab, conditions not always possible given various antiquities restrictions.
		Conjoining flake scars on core and flake surfaces.
		Flakes are successively separated from the core resulting in matching flake
	3dk.asu.edu /research/lithic.html (133 words)

	Lithic Usewear Investigation Report
		In this study, the assemblage was largely composed of flakes struck from moderately-prepared cores.
		Occasionally, incidental lithic items, such as 'shatter' or 'core fragments' were produced; this is to be expected in any but the most rigidly-constrained lithic reduction strategy.
		Different raw materials, of course, in lithic technologies, have different properties, and such differences are often exploited by stone-tool-using peoples: on the Northwest Coast, for example, abraders may be made of pumiceous or tuffaceous rock, while blades may be of obsidian or chert, and net-sinkers of basalt (e.g.
	web.pdx.edu /~b5cs/harney2000/usewear/harney2.html (8256 words)

	Mount Rainier National Park: Environment, Prehistory & Archaeology (Chapter 4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The lithic assemblage is then discussed in terms of its relevance to functional site distinctions and temporal implications.
		Chalcedony and chert late stage reduction flakes with one quartzite manuport on rodent reworked sediments.
		Interior chert and fine-grained basalt flakes with associated bird gastroliths (gizzard stones); all exposed in social trail/picnic area at Spray Park rim overlooking Mist Park to the north.
	www.nps.gov /mora/ncrd/archaeology/chap4b.htm (1960 words)

	Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc.: Services - Lithic Analysis
		At CRAI, lithic analysis consists of the technological analysis of flake debris, technological and morphological analysis of modified implements and cores, and low magnification microwear analysis of modified implements and a sample of flake debris.
		His primary research interest in lithic analysis concerns raw material analysis and source area identification.
		Andrew V. Martin (M.A., RPA), has five years of experience in lithic analysis, most of which has been conducted in Kentucky, Indiana, and Pennsylvania.
	www.crai-ky.com /services/lithics.html (307 words)

	Alberta Archaeology \| Glossary
		The projectile point has flakes removed from both sides near the base.
		Between about 20,000 and 14,000 years ago, massive continental ice caps lowered sea levels to such an extent that large areas of the Chukchi and Bering seafloors were exposed as vast low-lying plains connecting Asia and North America forming a land bridge that extended from Alaska to the eastern tip of Siberia..
		Paleoindian points such as Clovis and Folsom had this characteristic flake pattern.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~walde/glossary.html (483 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)