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Topic: Lithification

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Low frictional strength of faults is estimated based on existing models for earthquake recurrence, which account for compaction and hydrothermal lithification of fault rocks, as well as for the buildup of high fluid pressures in faults during interseismic periods.
		In areas of elevated heat flow and for a geothermal gradient of 30°C/km, fault compaction, lithification, and changes in fluid pressure gradient are inferred to occur at shallow crustal depth (3 to 7 km).
		On the basis of field evidence from many exhumed faults for lithification of fault gouge and for faulting at near-lithostatic fluid pressures, a modified crustal strength profile is suggested to represent the strength of many active faults which involve hydrothermal fluid flow.
	www.agu.org /pubs/abs/jb/97JB01509/97JB01509.html (233 words)

	Lithification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lithification (from the Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process whereby sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock.
		Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.
		Lithification includes all the processes which convert unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rocks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithification (110 words)

	LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY
		F5) is based mainly on the composition of the major lithology and the degree of lithification.
		Lithification of sediments is soft in Subunit IIA, becoming firmer downhole in Subunits IIB and IIC (see shallow resistivity logs in Fig.
		Though counter to the general increase of lithification with depth, these decreases in resistivity are still likely indicative of decreases in lithification.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/186_IR/chap_05/c5_3.htm (4444 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The amount of rounding and sorting also depends on the particle size and composition in the source rock, and the means by which the sediment was carried (wind, water, and ice all have characteristic effects on sedimentary clasts).
		Lithification of sediment occurs by compaction and cementation.
		Calcium carbonate, silica, and ferric iron are the most common cements, and thus clasts are typically cemented together by the minerals calcite, quartz, and hematite.
	www.auburn.edu /~hameswe/geolecture10.html (215 words)

	10(f) Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks
		Most sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification of weathered rock debris that has been physically transported and deposited.
		Several types of sedimentary rocks are formed from the lithification of once living organisms.
		Limestone deposits can be formed by the direct lithification of coral reefs, marine organism shells, or marine organism skeletons.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/10f.html (489 words)

	Sedimentary rocks are the result of lithification, rock forming processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sedimentary rocks are the result of lithification of sediments, the loose material that accumulates at the surface as the result of weathering and transport and deposition of the weathered materials.
		Lithification is a rock forming process that involves:
		A superb natural laboratory for the study of sedimentary rocks is the Grand Canyon.
	www.brynmawr.edu /Acads/Geo/Geo101/sedimentary.html (144 words)

	Lithification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Lithification is the conversion of sediments into solid (sedimentary) rock.
		In compaction, the weight of the overlying layers cause the sediments to be compacted into solid rock.
		In cementation, minerals deposited by fluids, fill the spaces between rock fragments (sediments.)
	home.stny.rr.com /mrdimaria/Lith.htm (40 words)

	glossary.html
		Lithification of sediment by precipitation of minerals in void spaces.
		Lithification of sediment by grain deformation and rearrangement of grains due to overburden pressure.
		A coal mining technique where coal is cut from the face and loaded directly onto a conveyor belt that carries it to the surface.
	www3.uakron.edu /geology/Foos/Energy/glossary.html (1512 words)

	SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
		Lithification = compaction and cementation of sediments as they are buried, forming Sedimentary Rocks.
		Chemical - sediments formed as a result of inorganic or biochemical precipitation of materials dissolved during chemical weathering.
		Upon Lithification, these sediments form either Chemical or Biochemical Rocks.
	geoggeol.wku.edu /awulff/111/SedLecNotes.htm (460 words)

	Amazon.com: Lithification: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Lithification of sandstones in West Virginia, ([West Virginia.
		The effects of lithification and healing in fault gouge on friction constitutive properties and fault stability by Chris J Marone (Unknown Binding - 1995)
		Lithification Lithification is the conversion of loose sediments into coherent, solid...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Lithification&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (823 words)

	Geologic Materal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification of sediment.
		Sediments are buried and undergo compaction and cementation (minerals form in the open spaces between sediments to cement them together).
		Shale is produced by the lithification of clays
	www.geology.sdsu.edu /classes/geol351/geology.htm (161 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Sediment is converted to sedimentary rocks by the process of lithification.
		Frequently with chemical sediments, lithification occurs during deposition.
		These properties are important in interpreting the environments in which they were deposited as well as the processes that brought them to their area of deposition.
	cse.cosm.sc.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /hses/SoilNSed/sedrock/pages/lithif.htm (392 words)

	Chapter 03 - Rocks - Materials of the Solid Earth
		Sedimentary rock forms from the lithification of sediment.
		Metamorphic rock forms from rock that has been subjected to great pressure and heat in a process called metamorphism.
		Lithification refers to the processes by which sediments are transformed into solid sedimentary rocks.
	www.sccollege.edu /faculty/ehovanitz/ChapterNotesTarbuck/Chapter03.html (1009 words)

	Trilobites Ichnofossils - Stratigraphy and Lithification
		The answer lies in the benthic sediments lithification.
		This lithification generally describes the process of rock- forming.
		During this process, the loose sediment of the seabed is transformed into solid sedimentary rock at prevailing low temperatures.
	www.wir-trilobiten.de /Stratigraphy_(IchnoII).htm (365 words)

	Grand Canyon North Rim (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The vast width of the Grand Canyon was created through weathering, erosion and tributary streams.
		Uplift, erosion, submergence and lithification has worked together to create the massive and impressive ---- Grand Canyon.
		The North Rim of the Grand Canyon is remote; located far from cities, towns and highways, allowing the Kaibab Plateau to remain pristine and primitive.
	www.zionnational-park.com.cob-web.org:8888 /grand-canyon.htm (950 words)

	Step 4: Lithification (From Pile of Sand to Solid Rock)
		Loose sediment, like that shown in (A) may someday become a rock like the one in (B) if compacted and cement fills the spaces between clasts.
		Sediment that has formed, been transported, and deposited, is not a sedimentary rock unless it is all bound together.
		The process of sediment becoming a rock is called lithification.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /earth/geology/sed_lithification.backup_MetaRefresh (607 words)

	Zion National Park Springdale southern Utah (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Most visitors to Zion, after recovering from the striking awe of its scenery, want to know how all this towering beauty was formed.
		In this excellent booklet your questions about basic Zion geological processes will be answered—from sedimentation to lithification to erosion, this is the ideal overview.
		The Zion National Park Topographic Map covers the entire park and includes the frontcountry and backcountry trails as well as important information on camping and hiking in the park.
	www.zionpark.org.cob-web.org:8888 /shopping/productDetails_240.html (430 words)

	Concept #1 Quiz
		is a collective term for all of the chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited and during and after lithification.
		Match each of the following sediments with the most likely method of lithification.
		Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
	wps.prenhall.com /esm_tarbuck_earth_8/0,9073,1298826-,00.html (216 words)

	14-Conclusions (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		When emplaced in deep sediments below the seabed, the WasteCasket is gently cradled in soft, gelatinous mud that is extremely cold and able to absorb the heat generated by some nuclear wastes.
		The deep abyssal plains of the oceans also offer the ultimate safety of being constantly overlaid by sedimentary accretion of extraterrestrial dust that will result in deepening and eventual lithification of the matrix surrounding the WasteCasketä.
		The WasteCasketä is designed with multiple safety and warning features, but even if leakage did occur, the still waters and scarcity of life forms at that depth provide an extra measure of safety.
	www.expanding-earth.org.cob-web.org:8888 /page_14.htm (1631 words)

	Sedimentary Rocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Compaction squeezes out much of the water in the rock and is the first step toward lithification: turning sediment into rock.
		Compaction alone does not entirely bond grains together: to complete lithification, grains are cemented.
		What is this cement and where does it come from?
	www.geol.umd.edu /~tomascak/solar/0612t.htm (1310 words)

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