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Topic: Lithium aluminium hydride

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Carboxylic acid

	Aluminium - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Aluminium is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air.
		Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight.
		Aluminium was selected as the material to be used for the apex of the Washington Monument, at a time when one ounce cost twice the daily wages of a common worker in the project.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Aluminium (4205 words)

	Aluminium Information Center - aluminium foil
		Aluminium is found primarily aluminium as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation aluminium irrigation pipe (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight.
		The billet aluminium gas door reduction by two thirds of the weight of an aluminium part compared to a similarly sized iron or steel part seems enormously attractive, but it should be noted that it is accompanied by a reduction by two thirds in the stiffness of the part.
		Even the aluminium cylinder heads and crankcase of the Corvair, aluminium chairs built as recently as the 1960s, earned a reputation for failure and stripping of threads in holes, even as large as spark plug holes, which is not seen in current aluminium cylinder heads.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_A_-_An/Aluminium.html (4116 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Hydride
		Lithium hydride is reduced in reactivity by forming lithium aluminium hydride (often abbreviated as LAH) with aluminium chloride.
		Covalent hydrides behave as molecules with the weak London forces and hence are volatile at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
		Aluminium and beryllium hydrides are polymeric because of three center bond.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Hydride (1138 words)

	A lithium aluminium hydride reduction
		Lithium aluminium hydride reacts extremely violently with water; the hydrogen liberated may be ignited by a fragment of the hydride and cause an explosion.
		A slight excess of the hydride is employed, which is destroyed after the reaction by the addition either of ordinary undried ethoxyethane which contains enough water for the purpose and adds it gradually and in small amounts; or by addition of ethyl ethanoate which is reduced to ethanol.
		The hydrolysis of lithium aluminium hydride also gives lithium hydroxide, which is not very soluble in ethoxyethane and gives a white sludge.
	home.clara.net /rod.beavon/lithal.htm (973 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1954 Issue 1 - 004
		Aluminium isopropoxide reduction, the method favoured when an optimal amount of polar alcohol is desired, of dihydrocodeinone gives, nevertheless, up to a 94 per cent yield of dihydro isocodeine (equatorial hydroxyl) ([20]) but catalytic reduction of this ketone gives only dihydrocodeine (polar alcohol) ([21]).
		The reduction of codeinone by means of lithium almninium hydride has not been reported although reference has been made to the successful oxidation of codeine to codeinone by means of an alkoxide-acceptor ketone combination ([22]).
		The reduction of 1-bromocodeinone with lithium aluminium hydride has been accomplished by Gates and Tschudi ([14]) but although isocodeine might be expected to be the major product on the basis of the foregoing discussion, codeine (polar hydroxyl) was obtained.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/pt/bulletin/bulletin_1954-01-01_1_page005.html (2389 words)

	Aluminium - Real Time & Delayed Quotes, Charts, News and Data for Futures, Stocks, Commodities and Indexes - ...
		Aluminium is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silver-gray appearance, due to a thin layer of
		electrolysis – the aluminium oxide is dissolved in
		aluminium chloride on lithium hydride in ether solution, but cannot be isolated free from the solvent.
	www.tradesignals.com /glossary/Aluminium (2695 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		LAH violently reacts with water, including atmospheric moisture, and the pure material is pyrophoric.
		Lithium aluminium hydride is widely used in organic chemistry as a very powerful reducing agent.
		Lithium aluminium hydride is not able to reduce simple alkenes or benzene rings, and alkynes are only reduced if an alcohol group is nearby.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Lithium_aluminium_hydride (886 words)

	Hydrogen Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Proposed hydrides for use in a hydrogen economy include boron and lithium hydrides.
		Often hydrides react by combusting rather violently upon exposure to moist air, and are quite toxic to humans in contact with the skin or eyes, hence cumbersome to handle (see borane, lithium aluminium hydride).
		An alternative to hydrides is to use regular hydrocarbon fuels as the hydrogen carrier.
	www.ienergyinc.com /hydrogen_economy.htm (4409 words)

	Lithium hydride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lithium hydride (LiH) is the compound of lithium and hydrogen.
		It is a flammable solid and very reactive toward water, producing the corrosive compound lithium hydroxide as well as hydrogen.
		LiH has numerous uses, as a desiccant, as a precursor for the synthesis of lithium aluminium hydride, in hydrogen generators, as both a coolant and shielding in nuclear reactors, and in the manufacture of ceramics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithium_hydride (312 words)

	reduction of carboxylic acids
		In the negative ion, one of the bonds is a co-ordinate covalent (dative covalent) bond using the lone pair on a hydride ion (H
		Because lithium tetrahydridoaluminate reacts rapidly with aldehydes, it is impossible to stop at the halfway stage.
		Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate reacts violently with water and so the reactions are carried out in solution in dry ethoxyethane (diethyl ether or just "ether").
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/acids/reduction.html (433 words)

	Composite Solid Propellants
		Lithium perchlorate, a proposed oxidiser, is very hygroscopic and may be used in some high-temperature propellants.
		In certain formulations where a large amount of oxidiser and an auxiliary metal-powder fuel such as aluminium was needed to provide high energy, it was necessary to add to the binder a liquid hydrocarbon or other low-viscosity fluid that acted as a plasticiser to aid in processing.
		Powdered aluminium was used extensively in propellant formulation for the extra energy it contributed and for the help it gave in promoting stable burning.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/comlants.htm (6173 words)

	arthritis pain relief - Hydride
		A Hydride is a chemical compound or form of a bond between hydrogen with a metal usually found in group 1 of the Periodic table, usually with a more electropositive element or group.
		Originally, the term hydride was reserved strictly for compounds containing hydride ions, but the definition has been broadened to all compounds involving hydrogen.
		An electropositive metal forms ionic hydrides whereas an electronegative element forms covalent hydrides; however silane is on of the exceptions.
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/Hydride (667 words)

	REDUCTIONS WITH LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE
		Powdered lithium aluminium hydride must never be allowed to come into contact with water.
		The hydride should never be allowed to form a crust above the level of the liquid or to
		Dry, in an oven, a 250 ml three-necked flask, a 100 ml tap-funnel and a double surface condenser.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/organic/5-lialh403.html (272 words)

	Intute: Science, Engineering and Technology - Search results
		Recent innovations in metallic glasses have, according to this full-text article by John Perepezko and Rainer Hebert from JOM (March 2002), the journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, led to new alloy classes that may be vitrified and a re-examination of the key alloying factors influencing glass formation and stability.
		The Aluminium Federation is the trade association which represents the UK aluminium industry, from the primary sector through to the end-users and recycling sectors.
		J.E. Eltherington & Son (Aluminium) Ltd is a large independent aluminium company, based in the United Kingdom, with experience in the stockholding and fabrication of sheet and extrusions, the manufacture of transport body kits and producing and installing commercial and domestic aluminium and PVCu double glazed windows, doors and conservatories.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/cgi-bin/search.pl?term1=aluminium&limit=0 (1706 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1953 Issue 1 - 005
		Methadone forms no semicarbazone; it is not reduced by aluminium isoproproxide or the Clemmensen method or sodium amalgam or palladium and hydrogen or Raney nickel at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
		Methadone is reduced catalytically in the presence of platinum or chemically by lithium aluminium hydride to the corresponding alcohol 6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol, known generally as methadol (XIX).
		It is reduced by lithium aluminium hydride to 4,4-diphenyl-5-methyl-6-dimethylannno-3-heptanol, "isomethadol", XXIII.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1953-01-01_1_page006.html (2649 words)

	alkalimetal
		Lithium and Na are isolated by the electrolysis of molten salts (be sure you understand the operation of a Downs cell).
		Lithium metal is prepared by the electrolysis of fused lithium chloride.
		Lithium is a soft silvery-white lustrous metal, which can be easily cut with a knife, is highly reactive and tarnished readily in air due to the formation of a layer of lithium suboxide on the surface of the metal, and burns in air with the same brilliance of the magnesium flame.
	www.chem.latech.edu /~upali/chem281/281GRCc10.htm (4363 words)

	Department of Chemistry, ICSTM: Advanced Organic Chemistry
		In a dry fume cupboard weigh out lithium aluminium hydride (5.8 g) and introduce it into a 3-necked flask via a powder funnel.
		Switch on the stirrer, cool the flask with an ice-salt bath until the internal temperature is -10deg.C (pentane or alcohol thermometer) and add the solution/suspension of lithium aluminium hydride in ether during ~30 min so that the temperature remains below +10deg.C. Follow the reaction by tlc on silica plates developed in dichloromethane.
		If necessary add more lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether (carefully weighed out in the dry fume cupboard).
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/organic/16.html (1091 words)

	Cyclopentane derivatives - Patent 3953502
		The enone VIII is reduced with zinc borohydride or an aluminium trialkoxide, for example aluminium tri-isopropoxide, to the corresponding enol IX, and the protecting acyl group is then removed with potassium carbonate in methanol to give a diol X. Ac represents an acetyl or p-phenylbenzoyl radical.
		The diol X is either reduced with di-isobutyl aluminium hydride to the lactol starting material of the formula IV, or is protected as a bis-tetrahydropyranyl ether X and the lactone ring is then reduced with di-isobutyl aluminium hydride to give a lactol XII (R.sup.6 = tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy).
		The 5.alpha.-hydroxy group is protected as the tetrahydropyran-2-yl ether XV, the lactone is reduced to the lactol XVI, using di-isobutyl aluminium hydride, and the lactol is reacted with (4-carboxy-butyl)-triphenylphosphonium bromide to give the cyclopentanol derivative XVII, which by reaction with toluene-p-sulphonic acid in methanol gives a methyl ester XVIII.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3953502.html (6543 words)

	REDUCTIONS WITH LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE
		Lithium aluminium hydride is an excellent reagent for the reduction and hydrolysis of certain polar
		, or by the use of the related complex hydrides, lithium and sodium borohydrides.
		Useful modifications in the properties of lithium aluminium hydride is also effected
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/organic/5-lialh4.html (214 words)

	reduction of aldehydes and ketones
		In each case, there are four hydrogens ("tetrahydido") around either aluminium or boron in a negative ion (shown by the "ate" ending).
		The "(III)" shows the oxidation state of the aluminium or boron, and is often left out because these elements only ever show the +3 oxidation state in their compounds.
		In the first stage, a salt is formed containing a complex aluminium ion.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/carbonyls/reduction.html (1047 words)

	Certain fungicidal alphabenzyl-3-pyridylmethanol, the corresponding chloro derivatives thereof or the N-oxides thereof ...
		In this procedure, the thioether of formula VII is conveniently initially reacted with a strong base, such as an alkali metal amide, for example, lithium diisopropylamide, in an inert diluent, such as a hydrocarbon or an ether or an ether-like compound, for example, tetrahydrofuran.
		In this reaction, the ketone of formula X is advantageously converted with a base, such as sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide, in a diluent at reaction temperatures between -70.degree.
		The reaction can also be carried out using a base, such as, for example, sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide in an inert solvent, such as an ether or an ether-like compound, for example, tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane, in a temperature range between -70.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4753947.html (5079 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6
		Direct alkylation as described at the end of the chapter is not conceptionally different from the base catalyzed enolate formation described at the beginning of section 22.8, except for the reaction conditions are considerable different.
		The hydridization of the atoms must be such, that allows for an overlapping array of p-orbitals.
		Imines can be reduced (with hydride) and reacts with nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents to give amines in an analogous fashion as addition reactions to carbonyls.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/Chemistry/Rizzo/Chem220b/Q_A.html (20269 words)

	Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series
		Congeneric series can occur when a multivalent atomic centre, such as boron or aluminium, has its ligands exchanged in a regular manner.
		However, lithium salts are generally preferred because they are more soluble in diethyl ether, the usual solvent of choice for these aggressive and reactive reagents which must be used in an anhydrous environment.
		Tertiary butyl lithium, tBuLi, is a stronger base and is less nucleophilic than methyl lithium, MeLi.
	www.meta-synthesis.com /webbook/06_ligands/ligand.html (1067 words)

	Hydride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is also used as a more general term to describe compounds of hydrogen with other elements, particularly those of groups 1–16, whether or not they actually contain hydride ions.
		Hydrogen has a relatively low electron affinity, 72.77 kJ/mol, and most of the chemistry of the hydride ion is dominated by the highly exothermic production of dihydrogen:
		The low electron affinity of hydrogen and the strength of the H–H bond (436 kJ/mol) means that the hydride ion is also a strong reducing agent:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydride (1116 words)

	Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Powered by XMB
		The B2H6 is reacted with sodium hydride, NaH (from burning Na in H2 gas), in a suitable unreactive organic solvent, in the absence of air, to give NaBH4.
		You could try reacting lithium with and alkyl halide under dry conditions to form the alkyl lithium.
		Might be as good as sodium borohydride but not as good as lithium aluminium hydride.
	www.sciencemadness.org /talk/viewthread.php?tid=3151 (1538 words)

	Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic articles
		Various substituted 2-hydroxymethylindoles have been prepared by lithium aluminium hydride reduction of corresponding 2-ethoxycarbonylindoles and oxidised with activated manganese dioxide to the respective indole-2-carbaldehydes.
		Some of the aldehydes have been prepared from the 2-ethoxycarbonylindoles by the McFadyen and Stevens procedure and the two methods are compared.
		The aldehydes were condensed with nitromethane and nitroethane and the condensation products reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to obtain 2-(2-amino-ethyl)- and 2-(2-aminopropyl)-indoles.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/Journals/J3/article.asp?doi=J39710000178 (97 words)

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