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	Lithium - LoveToKnow 1911
		Lithium hydride, LiH, obtained by heating the metal in a current of hydrogen at a red heat, or by heating the metal with ethylene to 700° C. Guntz, Comptes rendus, 1896, 122, p.
		Lithium phosphate, Li 3 PO 4, obtained by the addition of sodium phosphate to a soluble lithium salt in the presence of sodium hydroxide, is almost insoluble in water.
		The preparations of lithium used in medicine are: Lithii Carbonis, dose 2 to 5 grs.; Lithii Citras, dose 5 to io grs.; and Lithii Citras effervescens, a mixture of citric acid, lithium citrate, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate, dose 60 to 120 grs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lithium (755 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Lithium : Article Excerpt by: James G Linakis, PhD, MD
		Lithium is minimally protein bound and has an apparent volume of distribution of 0.6 L/kg.
		Most filtered lithium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule; thus, drugs known to inhibit proximal tubular reabsorption, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aminophylline, may increase excretion.
		Reabsorption of lithium is increased and toxicity is more likely in patients who are hyponatremic or volume depleted, both of which are possible consequences of diuretic therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-lithium.htm (462 words)

	Lithium salt
		Lithium salts are chemical salts of lithium used as mood stabilizing drugs, primarily in the treatment of bi-polar disorder, depression, and mania; but also in treating schizophrenia.
		Initially, lithium is often used in conjunction with antipsychotic drugs as it can take a few days for lithium to have an effect.
		Lithium salts have a narrow therapeutic/toxic ratio and should therefore not be prescribed unless facilities for monitoring plasma concentrations are available.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/Lithium_salt.html (528 words)

	Lithium pharmacology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lithium is administered in a number of chemical salts of lithium, which are used primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder as mood stabilizing drugs.
		Lithium carbonate (Li), sold as Carbolith®, Cibalith-S®, Duralith®, Eskalith®, Lithane®, Lithizine®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®, Lithotabs® and Maniprex®, is the most commonly prescribed, whilst the citrate salt lithium citrate (Li), the sulfate salt lithium sulfate (Li aspartate and the orotate salt lithium orotate are alternatives.
		Lithium salts, with the possible exception of lithium orotate, have a narrow therapeutic/toxic ratio and should therefore not be prescribed unless facilities for monitoring plasma concentrations are available.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithium_salt (1624 words)

	Lithium
		Today, lithium is administered to patients as a lithium salt, usually as lithium carbonate or lithium citrate, which is taken by mouth in capsule, tablet, or syrup form.
		Lithium can affect the activity of neurotransmitter and biological systems because it alters the way in which a variety of messages are transmitted after they reach their target.
		Lithium can often subdue symptoms when a patient is in the midst of a manic episode, and it may also ameliorate the symptoms of a depressive episode.
	www.bipolarbrain.com /lithium.html (4242 words)

	Lithium (Lithobid, Eskalith) anti-manic
		Lithium is the drug of choice in treating recurrent bipolar affective disorder (i.e., manic-depressive illness) and has also been used for unipolar disorder (depression).
		Lithium is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract, and the rate of absorption is not significantly slowed by the presence of food.
		Lithium has negligible protein binding and is distributed throughout the body, with slightly greater concentrations in thyroid, bone, and brain tissue.
	www.rockford.uic.edu /jc/lithium.htm (689 words)

	Lithium orotate treating bi polar disorder depression mood swings alcoholism anxiety
		Lithium orotate, a natural lithium salt of orotic acid, is 20 times more bio-active than other lithium salts and allows a reduction in dosage as well as the likelihood of potential side effects associated with prescription lithium.
		Lithium is one of the most common elements used for stabilizing mood swings, mania and depression.
		Lithium orotate has also been demonstrated to be of benefit in the treatment of alcoholics, and proved useful in alleviating alcohol-related symptoms of liver dysfunction, seizure disorders, headaches, hyperthyroidism, affective disorders.
	www.lithiumorotate.com (580 words)

	lithium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Lithium is used primarily in the treatment of acute mania and in the long term control or prophylaxis of Manic Depressive Illness (Bipolar Disorder).
		Though not approved for this indications, lithium has also been found to augment the effects of antidepressants and obsessive compulsive disorder, and is useful in the treatment of cluster headaches, as well as chronic aggression or impulsivity.
		The dose of lithium is different for every patient and is based on how much lithium is in the blood on a regular basis during the first few months.
	www.twilightbridge.com /psychiatryproper/patientinfosheets/lithium.htm (1017 words)

	Lithium Orotate: Unique, Safe Mineral with Multiple Uses
		Lithium, however, is the treatment of choice for recurring bipolar (manic/depressive) illness, serving as an effective mood enhancer in 70-80 percent of bipolar patients.
		The orotates transport the lithium to the membranes of mitochondria, lysosomes and the glia cells.
		Lithium orotate stabilizes the lysosomal membranes and prevents the enzyme reactions that are responsible for the sodium depletion and dehydration effects of other lithium salts.
	www.nutritionreview.org /library/lithium.orotate.html (1513 words)

	NAMI \| Lithium
		Lithium is used to even out the highs (mania) and lows (depression) in mood associated with of bipolar disorder.
		Lithium has also been used to treat people with schizophrenia in cases where changes in thinking happen at the same time as a mood change that looks like either mania or depression.
		If lithium is used during pregnancy, use of the lowest possible dose, close monitoring of serum levels, and appropriate monitoring of the baby are recommended.
	www.nami.org /Content/ContentGroups/Helpline1/Lithium.htm (1599 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Lithium (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Lithium (LITH-ee-um) is used to treat the manic stage of bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness).
		Lithium is used to reduce the frequency and severity of manic states.
		Lithium may also reduce the frequency and severity of depression in bipolar disorder.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202330.html (1897 words)

	The Effects of Lithium on Manic-depressive Disorder
		Lithium aids to control manic episodes, but is not as effective at controlling depressive episodes.
		Lithium cation, sodium cation, and potassium cation are monovalent (are cations with one positive charge).
		Lithium competes with sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in nerve tissues that maintain impulse conduction.
	www.chem.uwec.edu /chem115_f00/mauelec/research.htm (2166 words)

	Lithium
		Lithium is the lightest element of the alkali-metal group and the lightest metal.
		Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate are the pharmaceutical forms used for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder.
		Lithium gamma-linolenic acid is in clinical studies for the treatment of certain types of cancer.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lit_0161.shtml (444 words)

	TOXICITY OF LITHIUM GREASE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Lithium carbonate (tablets or capsules) and lithium citrate (syrup) are used in human medicine to treat some mental conditions. Preclinical studies have shown that lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines.
		Lithium toxicity may develop in patients with significant renal or cardiovascular disease, severe debilitation or dehydration, or sodium depletion.
		It was suggested to me that lithium grease may contain molybdenum, and again I know of no reports of molybdenum toxicosis (secondary hypocuprosis) in cattle due to ingestion of lithium grease. Molybdenum toxicosis in cattle is seen clinically as a chronic toxicosis characterized as fading of the haircoat(hypotrichromia), diarrhea and anemia.
	www.addl.purdue.edu /newsletters/1991/lithium.shtml (255 words)

	Lithium Orotate for Depression
		However, by using lithium orotate, the same positive results for treating depression as those received from the pharmaceutical forms of lithium (lithium carbonate and lithium citrate) may be achieved without the safety concerns.
		Lithium orotate is a safe, natural, extremely effective alternative with no side effects or toxicity concerns.
		Lithium drugs may reduce the risk of suicide among people with severe recurrent depression by as much as 82 percent, according to a new Harvard study.
	mysite.verizon.net /res003jh/lithium-orotate/id17.html (760 words)

	Howstuffworks "Lithium: A Profile of a Mood Stabilizer"
		Lithium is used to treat manic-depressive (bipolar) illness by controlling the manic (excited) phase and by reducing the frequency and severity of depression.
		Lithium can increase the side effects of haloperidol and other medications that are used in the treatment of mental illness.
		Lithium is not recommended for use during pregnancy, especially during the first three months, because of possible effects on the thyroid and heart of the developing fetus.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-lithium.htm (859 words)

	PHARMACOLOGY OF DMSO
		Lithium is a naturally occurring mineral similar to sodium and potassium, and small amounts are present in most foods.
		Lithium orotate is a highly bio-available form of lithium, and administered at much lower dosage’s than the prescription forms, and without side effects.
		Since lithium could not be patented, pharmaceutical companies produced generic forms early in 1990s, and today’s annual sales of this drug are in the billions.
	www.internalhealth.com /lithium_orotate.htm (626 words)

	Lithium: Mineral And Drug
		If a patient stops taking lithium for only one day, the blood level of the drug falls to half that needed for effective therapy.A forgotten dose should not, however, be taken with the regular dose the next day, because it could raise the lithium level too much.
		The less sodium, or salt, in the body, the less lithium is excreted, and the greater chance of lithium buildup to toxic levels.
		That means lithium is as important to you as insulin is to a diabetic or other kinds of daily medications are to people with high blood pressure.
	www.fortunecity.com /campus/psychology/781/lithium.htm (3192 words)

	[No title]
		Lithium is an element, the lightest alkali metal, which is combined with CO3 to form a salt —; lithium carbonate - when it is used as a drug.
		Lithium is not a sedative, euphoriant or depressant, and it can be taken at the same time as other medications such as tranquilizers or antidepressants.
		Lithium is extracted from the brine by solar evaporation, precipitation of Group 2 elements if necessary, and precipiation of lithium carbonate by addition of sodium carbonate to the hot brine.
	www.lycos.com /info/lithium--lithium-carbonate.html (508 words)

	The Lithium Family - The Good, The Bad and The Funny. From People Who Have Taken These Crazy Meds...and SCIENCE!
		Lithium has been in use since the early 1800s, has been used to treat psychiatric ailments since the 1880s, and was first used for manic-depression in 1947, and approved by the FDA to treat bipolar disorder in 1970, thus the first of the many off-label meds used to treat bipolar disorder.
		The therapeutic level of lithium is somewhere between 0.6 and 1.2, and that can vary not only person to person but also depending on factors in each individual's life, such as various stresses and even the season of the year.
		Lithium is tough on your kidneys and thyroid.
	www.crazymeds.org /lithium.html (3359 words)

	Lithium-Orotate
		One of the main reasons people use lithium orotate instead of the pharmaceutical forms of lithium carbonate or lithium citrate is because of their potential for lithium toxicity and because of their numerous side effects.
		Lithium orotate, on the other hand, is completely non-toxic, very safe in all respects, has no side effects, and is effective for an estimated 70% to 80% of individuals who try it.
		Because of the small amounts of lithium in lithium orotate, which still effectively treats many different conditions, it is available as an over-the-counter mineral supplement.
	mysite.verizon.net /res003jh/lithium-orotate (900 words)

	Lithium Orotate: The Unique Safe Mineral with Multiple Uses Article
		Although lithium is highly effective in the treatment of manic depressive illness (X4 DI), its pharmaceutical (prescription) versions, lithium carbonate and lithium citrate, must be used with caution.
		Lithium, however, is the treatment of choice for recurring bipolar (manic/depressive) illness, serving as an effective mood enhancer in 70-80 percent of bipolar patients.
		The orotates transport the lithium to the membranes of mitochondria, lysosomes and the glia cells.
	www.vrp.com /art/269.asp (1277 words)

	Lithium
		Lithium has been used for more than 50 years, so doctors and many patients are familiar with it.
		The problem with lithium is that a certain level of the drug has to be produced in the blood for it to be effective, but if the level rises too much, unpleasant and potentially serious side effects can occur.
		Anyone taking lithium, who is considering getting pregnant, must discuss with their doctor the risks involved in staying on the drug versus the risks to their own health in stopping it.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /diseases/depression/lithium_000290.htm (1981 words)

	Drugs and Treatments - Lithium Citrate Oral - Patient Handout from WebMD
		Too much lithium may lead to unwanted effects such as nausea, diarrhea, shaking of the hands, dizziness, twitching, seizures, slurred speech, confusion, or increase in the amount of urine.
		Before taking lithium, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.
		Lithium passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant.
	www.healtheon.com /drugs/drug-14374-Lithium+Citrate+Oral.aspx?drugid=14374&drugname=Lithium+Citrate+Oral (1770 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Lithium
		Lithium is used to treat and prevent episodes of mania (frenzied, abnormally excited mood) in people with bipolar disorder (manic depressive disorder; a disease that causes episodes of depression, episodes of mania, and other abnormal moods).
		Lithium is in a class of medications called antimanic agents.
		Lithium is also sometimes used to treat certain blood disorders, depression, schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions), disorders of impulse control (inability to resist the urge to perform a harmful action), and certain mental illnesses in children.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a681039.html (916 words)

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