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	Lithotomy position - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The position is often used for women to give birth in, also for anal and vaginal examinations, as well as anal, rectal, and vaginal surgery.
		However, the position is not conducive to a smooth labor as it constricts the birth canal, puts pressure on the coccyx and does not allow the woman to move (which reduces the pain of labour).
		The origin of the position, and hence the name, was in the earliest method of lithotomy, the surgical removal of a bladder stone, in which an incision was made in the perineum.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Lithotomy_position (235 words)

	Lithotomy position - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The position is often used for women to give birth in, also for anal and vaginal examinations, as well as anal, rectal, and vaginal surgery.
		However, the position is not conducive to a smooth labor as it constricts the birth canal, puts pressure on the coccyx, prevents the fetal ejection reflex from occurring and does not allow the woman to move (which reduces the pain of labour).
		The origin of the position, and hence the name, was in the earliest method of lithotomy, the surgical removal of a bladder stone, in which an incision was made in the perineum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithotomy_position (243 words)

	Lithotomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lithotomy from Greek for "lithos" (stone) and "thomos" (cut), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain hollow organs, such as the bladder and kidneys (urinary calculus) and gallbladder (gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urethra, ureter or biliary duct.
		Special surgical instruments were designed for lithotomy, consisting of dilators of the canal, forceps and tweezers, lithotomes (stone cutter) and cystotomes (bladder cutter), urethrotomes (for incisions of the urethra) and conductors, (grooved probes used as guides for stone extraction).
		The patient is placed in a special position in a lithotomy surgical table, called the lithotomy position (which, curiously, retains this name until present for other unrelated medical procedures).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithotomy (323 words)

	* Lithotomy Position - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition
		The lithotomy position is a delivery position where a woman lies on her back with her feet held up in stirrups.
		While the lithotomy position (mother on her back with legs elevated in stirrups) is gradually losing favor as the ideal birth position, some providers continue to insist on this position at the time of birth.
		I later discovered that the lithotomy position for a delivery with the baby in the position she was in can actually cause the monitor to read a problem where none actually exists.
	en.mimi.hu /pregnancy/lithotomy_position.html (306 words)

	Lithotomy Position
		In one study, by far the most popular upright position among women given the option was the supported squat, in which the woman gives birth on a bed supported in a squatting position by a special "birth cushion," which allows most of the woman's weight to rest on her thighs instead of her feet.
		This lithotomy position completes the process of symbolic inversion that has been in motion since the woman was put into that "backwards" hospital gown.
		When the discrepancy between scientific fact and actual practice becomes as obvious as it is with the lithotomy position, that model must either be abandoned altogether (as have many such paradigms of the past) or be expanded to accomodate at least the most compelling pieces of scientific evidence that challenge its standard operating procedures.
	www.birthingnaturally.net /barp/lithotomy.html (1370 words)

	Pushing Positions - Childbirth Resources at StorkNet's Childbirth Cubby
		The lithotomy position, with a mother flat on her back and her feet in stirrups, was once the standard position in hospitals for women to give birth and in some hospitals it still is. Current obstetrical practices during second stage were developed with the attendant, rather than the birthing mother, in mind.
		Lithotomy was believed to be the ideal position for doctors to deliver the baby while sitting or standing in attendance.
		Although they allow a more physiologically superior position to lithotomy in terms of the mother's participation and comfort level, they still are inferior to traditional positions assumed by mothers in response to their body's signals.
	www.storknet.com /cubbies/childbirth/pushingpositions.htm (1803 words)

	The Family Life center’s Birthing Stool
		The positions for giving birth have been subject to some of the same influences that have changed positions for labor; lithotomy is now nearly universal in Western birth.
		The lithotomy position is in direct contradiction to basic principles of anatomy and physiology.
		This is perhaps the optimum position for birth, as the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall exert a compressive force, with the pelvis fixed in a pelvic rock.
	purplepanthers.com /flcstool.htm (1094 words)

	AORN Journal: Heel and calf capillary-support: pressure in lithotomy positions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Two features characterize the lithotomy positions: the legs are elevated above the level of the aorta and a capillary bed is compressed between the supported member (ie, heel or calf) and the supporting device (ie, sling, stirrup).
		In the low and standard lithotomy positions, the calf is parallel to the surface on which the patient lies so the leg also can be supported at the calf by a sling, rather than using the heel as the sole weight-bearing support.
		A serious complication of the exaggerated lithotomy position was reported by researchers in 1997 (7) The patient was a 50-year-old man diagnosed with prostatic carcinoma.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FSL/is_4_81/ai_n13648915 (1380 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The latch is movable between a latched position to prevent movement of the deck relative to the frame in an unlatched position to allow longitudinal movement of the deck relative to the frame.
		The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the latch is movable to a first latched position when the deck is in a first position relative to the frame, the latch also being movable to the second latched position when the deck is moved to a second position relative to the frame.
		The apparatus of claim 96, wherein the latch is movable to a first latched position when the deck is in a first position relative to the frame, the latch also being movable to the second latched position when the deck is moved to a second position relative to the frame.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/07537.000727&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (12315 words)

	Health Assessment Laboratory Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Positioning and draping a patient in a lithotomy position
		Positioning and draping a patient in a genupectoral (knee-chest) position
		position in which the patient is in the dorsal recumbent position with the buttocks at the edge of the examining table and the feet supported in stirrups; used to examine the rectum and female genitalia
	www4.desales.edu /~sey0/health2.html (707 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Second Stage of Birth: Delivery
		suggest that an upright (vertical) position or a lateral tilt during the second stage of labour show greater advantages than a dorsal (on the back) position.
		The upright position gives less discomfort and difficulty in bearing down, less labour pain, less perineal /vaginal trauma and wound infections.
		The classic lithotomy position (with the legs in stirrups) is often experienced as less comfortable and more painful and restricted in movement.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/birth/birth_delivery.html (428 words)

	Pushing Positions
		If women were allowed to birth in positions they assumed naturally, the Gaskin Maneuver, moving to a hands and knees position, would easily be done and thus far has proven to be the most successful position for resolving shoulder dystocia.
		This is especially important when the baby is in a less than optimal position, such as posterior (baby’s back is to the mother’s back), deflexed, asynclitic (baby’s head is crooked in the mother’s pelvis), or a hand is also presenting with the baby’s head.
		Often movement is all that needed during labour to turn the baby’s head or allow correction of position in order for the baby to negotiate the mother’s pelvis and this is not the case when a woman is not allowed to change position during pushing.
	www.canadiandoulas.com /pushing_positions.htm (2209 words)

	Department of Anesthesiology - Lithotomy Position (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		After adequate anesthesia is obtained, the patient is positioned on the O.R. table so that the buttocks rest along the break between the body and leg sections of the O.R. table.
		Stirrups are adjusted at equal height according to the length of the patient’s legs, to facilitate maintaining symmetry while the patient is positioned.
		The arms are positioned at an angle of ninety degrees or less.
	www.uhcanesthesia.com /Guidelines/positioning/lithotomy-position/view (534 words)

	MidwifeInfo.com \| Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Different upright positions were achieved using posts, hammocks, furniture, ropes or knotted pieces of cloth, kneeling, crouching or squatting using bricks, stones, a pile of sand, or a birth stool (Englemann 1881).
		After all, the TV screen in the labor room is positioned so that the view is best from the semi-recumbent position in the bed, so women just naturally get into bed and slide down into that position.
		If you are a midwife with a lot of experience with non-recumbent positions and their advantages or disadvantages, I would like to hear from you.
	www.midwifeinfo.com /feature-maternalposition.php (565 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept orientation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		position or arrangement of the body and its limbs; "he assumed an attitude of surrender"
		position in which the dancer has one leg raised behind and arms outstretched in a conventional pose
		the heading or position of a vessel relative to the trim of its sails
	icosym-nt.cvut.cz /kifb/wordnet/orientation.html (446 words)

	Surgical Care at the District Hospital
		Place the patient in the lithotomy position, expose the cervix and select the most suspicious area for biopsy.
		Place the patient in the lithotomy position and cleanse the perineum, vagina and cervix.
		Place the patient in the lithotomy position and clean and drape the area.
	www.steinergraphics.com /surgical/002_05.6C.html (707 words)

	Pregnancy & Childbirth \| Use of McRoberts' Position Aides in Many Deliveries, Study Says - Kaisernetwork.org
		Researchers from the University of Maryland School of Medicine measured uterine pressure in 22 women in full-term labor and found that the use of the McRoberts' position nearly doubled intrauterine pressure from 1,653 mm Hg to 3,262 mm Hg, a 97% increase.
		They then measured pressure when women were in stirrups, with their legs at a 90-degree angle and when using the McRoberts' position, which placed their legs at a 135-degree angle.
		According to the authors, "The best position for vaginal delivery is controversial; fed by centuries of myth, experience of caregivers and absence of objective study.
	www.kaisernetwork.org /daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=6379 (195 words)

	Gastroesophageal reflux during spontaneous respiration with the laryngeal mask airway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Results: Esophageal reflux occurred in 1 2 patients (60%), in five of the 13 in the Supine position and in all patients in the lithotomy position.
		The LMA electrode detected a decrease in pH in four cases (20%), all in the lithotomy position.
		The incidence reflux in the lithotomy and supine positions was different(Exact Probability test; P = 0.01).
	www.gerd.com /articles/recent/abstracts/1432.htm (289 words)

	Real-Time US versus CT Determination of Pubic Arch Interference for Brachytherapy -- Strang et al. 219 (2): 387 -- ...
		with the patient in the dorsal lithotomy position.
		positioned at the inferior border of the pubic arch at the anterolateral
		As the pelvis is rotated from the supine to the dorsal lithotomy position, the prostate is further exposed.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/219/2/387 (4623 words)

	Pubo-urethral support harness apparatus for percutaneous treatment of female stress urinary incontinence with urethal ...
		The sling is attached to the vaginal shaft portion of assembly and elevated until the appropriate position on the anterior vaginal wall is achieved.
		Adjustment of sling position is made using the fixably adjustable relation between assembly and the sling.
		Once the appropriate position of the sling on the anterior vaginal wall has been achieved, the sling is secured on the vaginal shaft by placing one of the fixably adjustable settings 37 on shaft 35 through the fixably adjustable site 39 on the sling receiver.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6221005.html (3703 words)

	Operative Reports
		The patient was identified in the holding area and brought to the operating room where she was placed in the supine position.
		The legs were brought up in the lithotomy position and a retractor was placed in the anus.
		Two other very large hemorrhoids with thrombosis were then identified, at the 5 o'clock position in lithotomy and at the 10-11 o'clock position.
	www.mt-resources.com /operative_report.htm (474 words)

	SPINAL ANAESTHESIA AND LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
		Preload, and consequently, return of venous blood into the heart depends on the positioning of the patient during spinal anaesthesia, and particularly during high spinal anaesthesia.
		All were positioned in the lithotomy position after the induction of the spinal anaesthesia
		In patients with stable angina pectoris if positioned after spinal anaesthesia induction in the lithotomy position, the changes of the LV ejectin fraction were also statistically insignificant.
	www.csen.com /anesthesia/ejection-fraction.htm (1043 words)

	Risks of Anesthesia Page 4
		Because an anesthetized patient is unaware and unable to feel how he or she is positioned, it's up to operating room staff to position limbs appropriately.
		Any position that would not be tolerated by a fully awake patient should not be allowed for an anesthetized patient.
		Head positioning is also important; in the prone position, pressure on the eyes from headrests can cause thrombosis of the central retinal artery, even leading to permanent blindness.
	www.corexcel.com /courses3/html/body_anesthesia_page4.htm (2040 words)

	Positions for Birth : UK Midwifery Archives
		Maternal positions in the second stage should be the position that the woman adopts if we do not tell her what to do.
		I think it is a great position and would highly recommend it, and interestingly, a specialist maternity physiotherapist I spoke to recently, said in terms of damage to the perineum, this is the kindest position to give birth in.
		I think it is a great position and I think it is great for the baby also, as it follows the text-book recommended exit curve, ie: extending the head backwards over the pubic bone, completely naturally on its own, without needing any rough manipulation or guidance from a third person.
	www.radmid.demon.co.uk /position.htm (1724 words)

	ELEKTROTOM® 106 HFTT
		The patient’s position can easily be changed from supine to lithotomy position and vice versa without moving the patient.
		Chair position for operations on the cerebellum, cervial spine or for craniotomy at the vertex.
		Because the column is positioned off-centre in relation to the tabletop.
	www.berchtold.de /scarc_e.htm (522 words)

	Well leg compartment syndrome after pelvic and perineal surgery in the lithotomy position -- Simms and Terry 81 (958): ...
		Well leg compartment syndrome after pelvic and perineal surgery in the lithotomy position
		procedures performed in the lithotomy position is a rare but
		position may be more common than is generally appreciated and
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/81/958/534 (185 words)

	[No title]
		CHEST ROLL - A cylinder shaped roll (bought as is or made from rolled sheets) that raises the chest off the OR table and allows for chest expansion and relief of pressure on the abdomen in the prone position.
		It runs through the pelvis and down the back of the legs and may be harmed by hyperextension and too much external rotation of the legs in the lithotomy position.
		AXILLARY ROLL - A roll of cloth or an IV bag that is placed in the lower axilla of patients in the lateral position.
	www.cs.amedd.army.mil /dns/91D/docs/Ph1_Material/positioning_puzzle.doc (382 words)

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