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Topic: Lithotroph

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	Bacterium - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		water, hydrogen, sulfide or ammonia) for this purpose are called lithotrophs and others needing organic compounds (e.
		The photolithoautotrophs include the cyanobacteria, which are some of the oldest organisms known from the fossil record and probably played an important role in creating the Earth's oxygen atmosphere.
		They apparently pioneered the use of water as (lithotrophic) electron source and were the first to use the photosynthetic water splitting apparatus.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /bacterium.htm (2127 words)

	Procaryotic Metabolism
		Most lithotrophic bacteria are aerobic respirers that produce energy in the same manner as all aerobic respiring organisms: they remove electrons from a substrate and put them through an electron transport system that will produce ATP by electron transport phosphorylation.
		The lithotrophs are a very diverse group of procaryotes, united only by their ability to oxidize an inorganic compound as an energy source.
		Lithotrophs are usually organized into "physiological groups" based on their inorganic substrate for energy production and growth (see Table 5 below).
	textbookofbacteriology.net /metabolism.html (8650 words)

	Important Groups of Procaryotes
		Some are lithotrophs that oxidize sulfur as an energy source.
		Most lithotrophic bacteria are autotrophs, and in some cases, they may play an important role in primary production of organic material in nature.
		Lithotrophic metabolism does not extend to eukaryotes (unless a nucleated cell harbors lithotrophic endosymbiotic bacteria), and these bacteria are important in the biogeochemical cycles of the elements.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /procaryotes.html (9519 words)

	Analysis of Facultative Lithotroph Distribution and Diversity on Volcanic Deposits by Use of the Large Subunit of ...
		Analysis of Facultative Lithotroph Distribution and Diversity on Volcanic Deposits by Use of the Large Subunit of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase -- Nanba et al.
		Analysis of Facultative Lithotroph Distribution and Diversity on Volcanic Deposits by Use of the Large Subunit of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase
		(RubisCO) (rbcL) was amplified by PCR from facultatively lithotrophic
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/4/2245 (4590 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Energy for fixing CO2 is gathered in two ways: by phototrophy (photosynthesis) or lithotrophy (coupling the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or ferrous iron to the reduction of a chemical oxidant, a terminal electron acceptor such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, sulfur, or carbon dioxide).
		Thus, metabolic diversity can be generalized in terms of organotroph or autotroph, phototroph or lithotroph, and the nature of the electron donor and acceptor.
		Symbiotic microbes commonly confer the lithotrophic way of life even on animals, although this was only recently recognized.
	www.ummz.lsa.umich.edu /courses/bio288/L1.html (1190 words)

	Micro - Old Tests
		Sketch the growth curve expected for E. coli on a mixture of glucose and lactose (please label the axes).
		This is the standard method, used by green plants, cyanobacteria, some anoxygenic photosynthesizers and most lithotrophs.
		After years of work, you manage to transfer the genes that govern glycolysis to a lithotroph, and decide to field test the new organism.
	people.cornellcollege.edu /jcardon/courses/micro/microtests.html (3248 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World (1997)
		Thus, metabolic diversity can be generalized in terms of organ otroph or autotroph, phototroph or lithotroph, and the nature of the electron donor and acceptor.
		By virtue of symbiotic partners, however, eukaryotes are able to take on phototrophic or lithotrophic lifestyles and to respire using the electron-acceptor oxygen (Smith and Douglas 1987).
		Symbiotic microorganisms commonly confer the lithotrophic way of life even on animals, although this was only recently recognized.
	books.nap.edu /books/0309065550/html/115.html (7836 words)

	Previously Asked Questions - I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, the heterotrophs are instrumental in helping provide the clean hard surfaces for the lithotrophs - at least a proper team selected to be able to do this important job in increasing the efficiency of the nitrification.
		Lithotrophs require clean, hard surfaces where they attach and colonize, as such they are rarely removed when water is removed and replaced since they do not float, they are attached.
		C Finally - nitrosomonas is the lithotroph that Cycle uses to degrade ammonia to nitrite, the first step of the nitrogen cycle.
	www.stevepond.com /PAQ/pill%20responses.html (9275 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Cycle Biological Aquarium Supplement at Epinions.com
		2 are lithotrophs, which are nitrobactor for nitrite removal and nitrosomonas for ammonia removal.
		The other nine are heterotrophs, which adjust your water conditions to be ideal for the two lithotrophs to work as efficiently as possible.
		Nitrobactor is the least hardy of the two lithotrophs because it grows slower therefore cycle lets nitrobactor compose more of the lithotroph formula than nitrosomonas.
	www.epinions.com /content_34291027588 (710 words)

	lithotroph - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "lithotroph" is defined.
		lithotroph : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info]
		Lithotroph : Drug Discovery and Development [home, info]
	onelook.com /?w=lithotroph (94 words)

	Microbial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete; Strous M et al.; With the increased use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, many densely populated countries face environmental problems associated with high ammonia emissions.
		Until now, bacteria capable of anaerobically oxidizing ammonia had never been found and were known as "lithotrophs missing from nature".
		Here we report the discovery of this missing lithotroph and its identification as a new, autotrophic member of the order Planctomycetales, one of the major distinct divisions of the Bacteria.
	www.bionewsonline.com /n/2/microbiological_e.htm (17544 words)

	Microbiology Glossary
		Many are lithotrophs and derive energy from sulfur oxidation.
		hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium-Facultative lithotrophs that, in the absence of an oxidizable organic source, oxidize H
		lithotroph- Organism that uses an inorganic substrate such as ammonia or hydrogen as an electron donor in energy metabolism.
	bordeaux.uwaterloo.ca /biology447/modules/intro/microbiologyglossary.htm (13222 words)

	Major Groups of Procaryotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sulfur-oxidizers grow at low pH (less than pH 2) because they acidify their own environment by oxidizing So (sulfur) to SO4 (sulfuric acid).
		The methanogens utilize H2 as an energy source, and many extreme thermophiles use H2S or elemental sulfur as a source of energy for growth.
		NH3 is oxidized by lithotrophic Nitrosomonas species to NO2 which is subsequently oxidized by Nitrobacter to NO3.
	www.cci.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C11/C11Links/www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact303/MajorGroupsOfProkaryotes (8684 words)

	Bacterial Diversity Study Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		aerobic lithotrophs which use carbon dioxide or carbonate as carbon source (via Calvin cycle) and derive energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds containing reduced nitrogen (NH4+, nitrite-)
		aerobic lithotrophs use carbon dioxide or carbonate as carbon source (via Calvin cycle) and derive energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds containing reduced sulfur (Thiobacillus, Thiomicrospora) and/or reduced sulfur and iron (Thiobacillus ferroxidans)
		aerobic lithotrophs which use carbon dioxide or carbonate as carbon source (via Calvin cycle) and derive energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds containing reduced hydrogen (generally hydrogen)
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~stevenjr/mbi630/bacteria630.html (2392 words)

	RPGnet: Review of Fiend Folio
		A second comical note is a new form incoporeal undead going by the name of "bhut".
		The Tunnel Terror is a lithotroph evoking a bad episode of original Star Trek, and the image of Spock mind-melding with a piece of foam whilst moaning "Pain....pain!.....".
		From D&D it recalls the Denzelian of the original Fiend Folio, and the Rock-Eater of the Mines of Bloodstone.
	www.rpg.net /reviews/archive/9/9216.phtml (1525 words)

	Bact. 303 Study Questions III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		List three different compounds that lithotrophs can oxidize as sources of energy.
		What is the biological importance of lithotrophic metabolism?
		In what ways are the hydrogen bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, colorless sulfur bacteria and iron bacteria metabolically similar to those organisms that oxidize carbon compounds aerobically?
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Bact303/Bact303Pquest3 (1276 words)

	Major Groups of Procaryotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sulfur-oxidizers grow at low pH (less than pH 2) because they acidify their own environment by oxidizing S
		S to S and S to SO Most lithotrophic bacteria are autotrophs, and, in some cases, they may play an important role in primary production of organic material in nature.
		NH3 is oxidized by lithotrophic Nitrosomonas species to NO which is subsequently oxidized by Nitrobacter to NO The overall conversion of NH to NO is called nitrification.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Bact303/MajorgroupsofProkaryotes (9208 words)

	Bacteriology 102 - Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria (Official Page)
		O = CH The oxygenic (oxygen-producing) photosynthetic bacteria possess this type of photosynthesis along with plants and algae.
		The use of carbon dioxide as the carbon source and an inorganic compound (water) as the source of reducing power is reflected in the terms autotroph and lithotroph (respectively) which are used for an organism performing this reaction.
		With light as the ultimate source of energy, the organism would also be termed a phototroph.
	www.splammo.net /bact102/102pnsb.html (1678 words)

	A Molecular View of Microbial Diversity and the Biosphere
		or autotroph, phototroph or lithotroph, and the nature of the
		that lithotrophic metabolism preceded and is more widespread phylogenetically
		Part of that lithotrophic biomass is in microhabitats all around us, usually away from light and oxygen.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/RootWeb/a_molecular_view_of_microbial_di.htm (4648 words)

	sdfg
		Broda E. Two kinds of lithotrophs missing in nature.
		Strous, M., J. Fuerst, E. M., Kramer, S. Logemann, G. Muyzer, K. van de Pas-Schoonen, R. Webb, J. Kuenen and M. Jetten (1999) Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete.
		Spencer, D. and Brewer, P. Vertical Advection Diffusion and Redox Potentials as controls on the Distribution of Manganese and other Trace Metals dissolved in waters of the Black Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 76, No. 24, Page 5877-5891.
	www.ocean.washington.edu /cruises/Knorr2001/GreatReferences.htm (1927 words)

	Hi Toby,
		Note: many bacteria can form all organic molecules from any of a wide variety of C-sources.
		E.g., Pseudomonas strains (soil organisms) can grow on hydrocarbons, a variety of sugars, fats, and polysaccharides, etc. The full description of microbe typically refers to both its E- and C-sources; lithotrophic autotroph, organotrophic heterotroph (this is what we are), etc. We will see many examples of these.
		The typical bacterium is 15% nitrogen (found in proteins, nucleic acids, cell wall).
	www.cst.cmich.edu /users/alm1ew/growth.html (833 words)

	Experiencing Life - Prokaryotes
		Caulobacter - daughter cells are differentiated from mother cells in the cell cycle
		Nitrobacter - lithotroph, nitrifying bacteria (converts NH to NO and NO to NO Rhizobium (on clover root) - nitrogen-fixers in legumes
		Nitrosomonas - lithotroph, nitrifying bacteria (converts NH to NO and NO to NO Polaromonas vacuolata - Polar ice psychrophile
	experiencinglife.net /Biology/Prokaryotes/17IIIB.html (933 words)

	Microbial Evolution and Systematics Study Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Surface theories predict that the original organisms were thermophilic anaerobic lithotrophs (obtained both energy and carbon from inorganic compounds)
		Proteobacteria (Phylum 1) - although these five groups of Gram-negative bacteria are quite diverse, it appears that they evolved from a common phototrophic ancestor
		Crenarchaeota - most are extreme thermophiles with growth optima at temperatures greater than 80C and many of these are anaerobic lithotrophs (Pyrodictium), organolithotrophs or organotrophs (Thermococcus, Thermoproteus) that require elemental sulfur for optimal growth (Desulfurococcus)
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~stevenjr/mbi202/evolution202.html (2899 words)

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