Lithuanian Tatars - Factbites

Lithuanian Tatars - Factbites
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Topic: Lithuanian Tatars

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	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In literature they are more often referred to as the Lithuanian Tatars, Byelorussian Tatars, Polish Tatars, Byelorussian Muhammadans and Byelorussian Muslims.
		It is recorded that the overall number of Tatars on Lithuanian territory at the time of the 1897 census was 4,500 and in 1989, 5,100.
		As the habitat of these Tatars is mostly the former Lithuanian Grand Principality, they are primarily known as Lithuanian Tatars.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml

	Tartar nobility of the Polish Commonwealth
		The Lithuanian Tatars comprised four social groups, which in the territories of the Commonwealth, and particularly in Lithuania, reflected the social organisation of the Golden Horde.
		The Tatars (or Tartars) of the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania, also known as Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, or just Lithuanian Tatars, who united their destiny with that of the Commonwealth 600 years ago, have remained ever since loyal sons of their new fatherland (in Tartaric: vatan).
		The Lithuanian Tatars considered Witold as their khan and defender, and still mentioned his name in their prayers as late as the 1930s.
	www.szlachta.org /2selim.htm (731 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Today the Lithuanian Tatars live in the western part of the Minsk Region of Byelorussia, in the region northeast of Brest and in the Grodno Region.
		It is recorded that the overall number of Tatars on Lithuanian territory at the time of the 1897 census was 4,500 and in 1989, 5,100.
		After World War I the Lithuanian Tatars became citizens of one of three countries -- the Soviet Union, Poland or Lithuania.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml (1029 words)

	Tartar nobility of the Polish Commonwealth
		The Lithuanian Tatars comprised four social groups, which in the territories of the Commonwealth, and particularly in Lithuania, reflected the social organisation of the Golden Horde.
		From the Turks and the Crimean Tatars, Tatar Lipka passed into the Polish language and was used as an equivalent term for Lithuanian Tatars.
		The Lithuanian Tatars considered Witold as their khan and defender, and still mentioned his name in their prayers as late as the 1930s.
	www.szlachta.org /2selim.htm (731 words)

	Tartar nobility of the Polish Commonwealth
		The Tatars (or Tartars) of the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania, also known as Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, or just Lithuanian Tatars, who united their destiny with that of the Commonwealth 600 years ago, have remained ever since loyal sons of their new fatherland (in Tartaric: vatan).
		The Lithuanian Tatars considered Witold as their khan and defender, and still mentioned his name in their prayers as late as the 1930s.
		The Tatars with the notion of Vattad, i.e.
	www.szlachta.org /2selim.htm (731 words)

	Lipka Tatars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This campaign was notable for the fact that the Lipka Tatars and Lithuanian armies were armed with handguns, but no major victories were achieved.
		The Lipka Tatars who fought on the Polish side at the Battle of Vienna, on 12th September 1683, wore a sprig of straw in their helmets to distinguish themselves from the Tatars fighting under Kara Mustafa on the Turkish side.
		In religion and culture the Lipka Tatars differed from most other Islamic communities in respect of the treatment of their women, who always enjoyed a large degree of freedom, even during the years when the Lipkas were in the service of the Ottoman Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lipka_Tatars (1254 words)

	IMAGINING RUSSIA: ETHNIC IDENTITY AND THE NATIONALIST MIND
		The Likhachevs and Likhovichi descend from a Lithuanian.
		The poet Derzhavin descended from the Tatar murza Bagrim, while nationalist poet and historian Nikolai Karamzin was also of Tatar ancestry.
		The Urusov princes descend from the famous Tatar Edigei.
	www.panorama.ru /works/patr/ir/13.html (1207 words)

	Short Visit. Lithuanian Tatars
		Lithuanian Tatars are descended from the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate.
		For centuries Lithuanian Tatars maintained the image of fearless and capable warriors; their main activity was warfare.
		For various reasons Lithuanian Tatars lost their language rather quickly, but on account of their profound attachment to Islam, they have preserved their national consciousness for 600 years.
	alka.mch.mii.lt /visuomene/totoriai/trumpa.en.htm (1207 words)

	Tartar nobility of the Polish Commonwealth
		The Lithuanian Tatars comprised four social groups, which in the territories of the Commonwealth, and particularly in Lithuania, reflected the social organisation of the Golden Horde.
		The Tartar nobility or aristocracy was recognised as such in Lithuania, and subsequently in the Commonwealth, upon presentation of letters of patents issued by the Golden Horde.
		By the end of 18th century, the Tatar nobility was principally Polish speaking, but Tatar burghers and members of the lesser nobility adopted the Belarusian language.
	www.szlachta.org /2selim.htm (731 words)

	The general impression from Moscow of times of Ivan Kality remains as about small
		In 1380 the Tatar military leader Mamaj who has seized power in the Horde, has concluded the union against Dmitry with grand duke Lithuanian JAgajlo and counted to the aid the Ryazan prince Oleg.
		In 1378 in battle on the river Vozhe in the Ryazan princedom the Moscow army has broken the big group of Tatars.
		In 1382 Tohtamysh has moved to punish Russia for attempt will be released from Tatars.
	historyaid.com /2005/08/33/the-general-impression-from-moscow-of (598 words)

	The Mongols in the West
		Ivan's pro-Tatar stance did not hamper him in dealing with internal affairs, while in matters of foreign policy the alliance was an effective bulwark against Lithuanian expansion, as unwelcome to the Russians as to the Tatars.
		Iohanca according to whom the Tatars could not care less to what religion someone belongs as long as he performs the required services, pays tributes and taxes and satisfies his military obligations according to their laws.
		By that time Tatar units were quite often mere mercenary forces in the service of alien rulers who knew, or pretended to know, the aims they were pursuing.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/sinor1.htm (13704 words)

	Encyclopedia: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
		Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648â€“1654.
		The name Kresy (Polish for borderlands) (or more correctly Kresy Wschodnie, Eastern Borderlands) is used by Poles to refer to the eastern part of Poland in the inter-war period.
		The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea), 1441â€“1783, the independent state of the Crimean Tatar people.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polish_Lithuanian-Commonwealth (9712 words)

	Polish Tatars
		This is a flag used by the Union of Polish Tatars (Zwiazek Tatarow Polskich or Polonya Tatar Birlik), the foremost organization of the remnants of a once prosperous and influential ethno-religious group of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Wars, partitions and border changes affected them severely, and today only about 5 thousand remain faithful to their tradition and Islam.
		But their involvement in epic struggles in defense of Poland, from the wars with the Teutonic Knights to fierce resistance against German-Soviet invasion of 1939 entitle them a special place in the society.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/pl-tatar.html (313 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Poland - Jagiellonian Dynasty
		Late in the 15th century, Lithuania lost territory to Russia (then ruled by Ivan the Terrible) and in the South to the Crimean Tatars (the Black Sea ports of Akkerman and Kilia).
		The Order refused to acknowledge the Lithuanians being christian.
		In 1385 the UNION TREATY OF KREWO was signed with Lithuania; Jagiello ceded Podolia to Poland (1387) and was baptized according to the Catholic rite, as were his hitherto pagan countrymen (but not the Orthodox majority of the conquered provinces in his duchy).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/union.html (313 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		In 1363, during the reign of Grand Duke Algirdas, the Lithuanian army defeated the Tatars and Mongols in the battle of the Blue Waters.
		One of the major factors which enabled the Lithuanians to find each other in exile and emigration and to survive nation was the traditional culture of their forefathers which they away lovingly in their hearts when they were forced to leave their homeland land.
		It was also the Lithuanian sword that stemmed the drive of the Teutons to the East and that of Mongols to the West.
	www.lfcc.lt /publ/thelt/node3.html (313 words)

	Hetman - Open Encyclopedia
		In some of the never realised plans of reconstruction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from dual into triple state (Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth), the hetman was to be a head of the Ruthenian part, consisting of three Ukrainian voivodships.
		Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny led successful campaigns against the Tatars and the Turks, aided the Polish army at Moscow in 1618 and at the Battle of Khotyn in 1621.
		The tile of hetman was given to the leader of Polish Army and till 1581 hetman existed only during the specific campaigns and wars.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Hetman (313 words)

	Belarus: People and Society
		The Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, from The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire (en)
		Tatars in Belarus, from Eurominority (br, de, en, fr)
		Slavonic Lutheranism, The Slavic Lutheranism Discussion List (be, ru)
	www.ac.by /country/society.html (313 words)

	Articles - Offices in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
		After the Union of Lublin in 1569 the office (both of the Chancellor and of the Deputy Chancellor) was doubled (into Crown - Poland proper - and Lithuanian chancellors).
		Lithuanian ministers, while had the same powers as Crown ones, were considered in hierarchy to be behind them.
		Field were subordinates of Great ones, and were sometimes called Border Hetmans, since they evolved from commanders of permanent garrisons on Polish south-eastern borders (which was a great school of combat, since it was a land almost constantly attacked by Ottomans and Tatars).
	www.kamero.net /articles/Starosta (313 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In 1775 the last discriminative restrictions were abolished and the majority of Tatars became full-fledged Polish-Lithuanian nobility.
		After World War I the Lithuanian Tatars became citizens of one of three countries -- the Soviet Union, Poland or Lithuania.
		The ethnic and religious undertakings of Tatars in Poland and Lithuania went on as before but in the Byelorussian SSR everything changed.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml (1029 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In literature they are more often referred to as the Lithuanian Tatars, Byelorussian Tatars, Polish Tatars, Byelorussian Muhammadans and Byelorussian Muslims.
		Naturally, the absence of all nationalist activities considerably damaged the ethnic integrity of the Tatars and they were assimilated by the Byelorussians (quite easily so, there being no language barrier).
		According to their legends they are the descendants of the wanderers far from the Baltic coast -- Nogays and Crimean Tatars -- who were brought to Lithuania as prisoners of war.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml (1029 words)

	Articles - Offices in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
		Field were subordinates of Great ones, and were sometimes called Border Hetmans, since they evolved from commanders of permanent garrisons on Polish south-eastern borders (which was a great school of combat, since it was a land almost constantly attacked by Ottomans and Tatars).
		Ministers consisted of Great Crown Marshal, Great Lithuanian Marshal, Great Crown Chancellor, Great Lithuanian Chancellor, Crown Deputy Chancellor, Lithuanian Deputy Chancellor, Great Crown Treasurer, Great Lithuanian Treasurer, Court Crown Marshal and Court Lithuanian Marshal.
		Great Treasurers supervised the lesser officials like mincerz (who was in charge of coin minting), dispensators, curators, tax collectors, superintendents, duty officers and sub-tax collectors.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Starosta (1029 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Lithuania
		Topics include: pre-state history, the era of the Gediminas dynasty and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian republic, Lithuanian relations with Sweden and the Russian Empire, both World Wars and the inter-war period, Soviet Lithuania and the recreation of the independent Lithuanian state.
		Gediminas’ “conversion” is mostly seen as a shrewd political move as he and most of his subjects continued in the worship of pagan Lithuanian gods.
		Slavs, Germans, Jews, Poles, Tatars and Karaites composed the remaining two-thirds.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/grandduchy.htm (1029 words)

	The Origin of the Livonian War, 1558
		Ivan IV's attack on Livonia in early 1558 caught the Lithuanian leaders unprepared for war, and therefore they did not enter into the conflict until 1559, after the Russians had overrun much of Livonia and seemed likely to outflank the Lithuanian defenses in the north.
		In Rasmussen's view, the Crimean Tatars were the decisive factor: Poland-Lithuania and Moscow each sought to embroil the other in war with the dangerous Tatars, which would present the party at peace with the opportunity to seize border lands from both enemies.
		Without waiting for the end of the campaigns in the South, Ivan IV, in 1558, launched another war for the possession of Livonia, a war which became his life's object, the source of his profound obsessions and, finally, the tragedy of his reign.
	www.lituanus.org /1983_3/83_3_02.htm (1029 words)

	Charles Bronson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bronson was a descendant of the Lipka Tatars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which caused many people to think that he looked like a Chicano or Mexican-American who was a Mestizo (mixture of Spanish and Indian ancestry).
		Bronson was born as Charles Dennis Buchinskas in the notorious Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania coal mining neighborhood of Scooptown, near Pittsburgh, the eleventh of 16 children born to an American mother of Lithuanian extraction, and a Lithuanian emigrant father.
		Bronson was married to British actress Jill Ireland from 1968 until her death from breast cancer at age 54 in 1990.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Bronson (1036 words)

	tannenberg1.htm
		The battle on the Vorskla cost the lives of thousands of Lithuanian warriors, several Lithuanian dukes, possibly the ruler of Moldavia as well, and many hundreds of cavalry from Poland and Prussia.
		The Tatars, enraged by drunken citizens mooning them from the walls, cleared ramparts by accurate, concentrated archery fire, then stormed the fortifications.
		In any case, the Rus'ians chose to put themselves in the care of the Lithuanian Grand Prince, Algirdas, who was supposed to have beaten a Tatar army at the battle of Blue Waters (Sinie Vody), near the mouth of the Bug River, in 1363; and they were repaid by comparative peace, prosperity, and religious liberty.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/books/tannenberg1.htm (1036 words)

	All Empires - The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth
		Under Zygmunt III Poland waged wars of self-defence with Sweden, Russia, the Tatars, and the Turks.
		Towards the end of this reign the warlike Cossacks in the Ukraine, who defended the southeastern frontier of Poland against the Ottoman Turks and Tatars, revolted, joined forces with the Tatars, and with their combined armies inflicted a severe defeat upon the Poles.
		King Zygmunt III Waza decided to move the capital from Krakow to Warsaw, the junction of all major routes crisscrossing the Commonwealth.
	www.allempires.com /empires/polish_lit_summary/polish_lit1.htm (1036 words)

	Baltic Crusaders - in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
		Lithuanian forces, led by Grand Duke Vytautas with a combined army of Russians, Tatars, Poles and Czechs, defeat the Teutonic Knights at a historic battle near the villages of Grünwald and Tannenberg (in present-day Poland).
		Accession of Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, who continues to enlarge Lithuanian territory to the Russian lands east and south of Lithuania.
		Teutonic Knights fully subjugate the Prussians, who eventually become extinct as a people and are assimilated by Germans, Poles and Lithuanians.
	www.balticsww.com /Crusaders.htm (1036 words)

	Ukrainian History: Chronological Table
		Lithuanian Prince Olgerd frees Kyivschyna and Podillya from Tatars.
		Ukrainians first battle Tatars in a battle near Kalko River in treaty with Polovetz - Tatars win.
	ukraine.uazone.net /history.html (1036 words)

	Teutonic Order
		This year saw the unprecedented event of Teutonic Order troops assisting the Lithuanians in a Crusade against the Tatars of the Crimea.
		The Order was able to slowly expand their hold on Lithuanian territories, defeating a large coalition of Lithuanian and Samogitian forces in 1348 at the battle of Streva Stream.
		The main area of conflict between the Lithuanians and the Order was the territories of the Samogitian tribes.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Teutonic_Order.htm (2427 words)

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