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Topic: Little Albert experiment

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Operant conditioning

	Little Albert experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Little Albert experiment was an experiment showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning.
		The actual experiment with Little Albert had Watson exposing Albert to a loud sound (made by a bar being banged right behind Albert's head) while being presented with a white rat.
		Albert was 11 months and three days old at the time of the first test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Little_Albert_experiment (618 words)

	Albert Einstein Encyclopedia @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She was three years older than Albert, and had nursed him to health after he had suffered a partial nervous breakdown combined with a severe stomach ailment; there were no children from this marriage.
		Albert Einstein described the "predatory phase of human development", exemplified by a chaotic capitalist society, as a source of evil to be overcome.
		Albert Einstein was closely associated with plans for what the press called "a Jewish-sponsored non-quota university," from August 19, 1946, with the announcement of the formation of the Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc. The university opened in 1948 as Brandeis University.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Albert_Einstein (5693 words)

	Little Albert experiment: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The milgram experiment was a famous scientific experiment of social psychology....
		The bobo doll experiment was conducted by albert bandura in 1961 to study aggressive patterns of behavior....
		The asch conformity experiments were a series of studies that starkly demonstrated the power of conformity in groups....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/little_albert_experiment.htm (797 words)

	Whatever Happened to Little Albert? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At approximately 9 months of age, Albert was tested and was judged to show no fear when successively observing a number of live animals (e.g., a rat, a rabbit, a dog, and a monkey), and various inanimate objects (e.g., cotton, human masks, a burning newspaper).
		Albert seemed to show a strong fear response to the rat, the rabbit, the dog, and the sealskin coat; a "negative" response to the mask and Watson's hair; and a mild response to the cotton.
		Relevant to Albert, Seligman (1971) hypothesized that the strength of human phobic reactions (i.e., their resistance to extinction) is due to the high degree of preparedness of certain stimuli (e.g., snakes).
	htpprints.yorku.ca /archive/00000198/01/BHARRIS.HTM (6189 words)

	John B. Watson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the most controversial experiments in psychology was performed by Watson and Rayner.
		The goal of the experiment was to show how principles of, at the time recently discovered, classical conditioning could be applied to condition fear of a white rat into "Little Albert", an 11 month old boy.
		As the story of Little Albert has made the rounds, inaccuracies and inconsistencies have crept in, some of them even due to Watson himself; see Harris for an analysis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_B._Watson (2655 words)

	Judith Rich Harris: Why Are Birth Order Effects Dependent on Context?
		Albert's "slight reaction" to the rabbit, for example, consisted merely of his turning his face away from the animal.
		As demonstrated by the experiments of Carolyn Rovee-Collier and her colleagues, a young baby's initial inclination is not to generalize at all.
		The second reason for the low correlation between behavior in different social contexts is that different genes might be involved: the genetic influences that predispose children to be coercive with their peers might not be identical to the genetic influences that predispose them to be coercive with their parents.
	home.att.net /~xchar/tna/birth-order/context.htm (8978 words)

	Watson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He wanted to develop techniques to allow him to " 'condition and control them emotions of human subjects.' " His famous study for this was called the Little Albert Experiment in which he theorized that children have three basic emotional reactions: fear, rage, and love.
		He repeatedly presented Albert a rat in conjunction with a sudden, loud noise to classically condition fear of the rat.
		In 1920 he published his most famous conditioning experiment; the "Little Albert" study in which he produced, in a small child, conditioned fear of a white rat by repeatedly presenting it paired with the loud "clanging" of a metal bar.
	vygotsky.sfasu.edu /Courses/psy503/Watson.html (1756 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Watson & Rayner (1920)
		Albert's life was normal: he was healthy from birth and one of the best developed youngsters ever brought to the hospital, weighing twenty-one pounds at nine months of age.
		During the course of these experiments, especially in the final test, it was noticed that whenever Albert was on the verge of tears or emotionally upset generally he would continually thrust his thumb into his mouth.
		If the analyst has sufficiently prepared Albert to accept such a dream when found as an explanation of his avoiding tendencies, and if the analyst has the authority and personality to put it over, Albert may be fully convinced that the dream was a true revealer of the factors which brought about the fear.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Watson/emotion.htm (4015 words)

	Psych 101 - Lecture Notes [Section 2]
		To eliminate generalization and inhance descrimation:, give the animal food over several trials when the the 5,000c/s is rung; then ring bells with frequencies close to 5000c/s but never feed the dog, the dog will then lean to descrimate between a 5000c/s bell and other bells.
		In the beginnning little albert played freely with a white rat.
		Albert became afraid of the rat, and subsequently other small cute fuzzy animals.
	courses.washington.edu /psii101/notes/sectionb.html (800 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Introduction to Jones (1924) by A. Rutherford
		Mary Cover Jones was christened "the mother of behavior therapy" in the early 1970s by colleague and friend Joseph Wolpe, and has been portrayed throughout the psychological literature as a pioneer in the field of behavior therapy because of her seminal research on the unconditioning of the fear reaction in infants.
		This lecture, in which he described the Little Albert study undertaken with Rosalie Rayner (a Vassar graduate and friend of Mary's), cemented her desire to pursue graduate work in psychology, rather than pediatric medicine.
		Ironically, the Little Peter research was not considered appropriate for a doctoral dissertation because of its small sample size.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Jones/intro.htm (1178 words)

	The Long Dark Night of Behaviorism
		What happened to Little Albert later in life is unknown.
		Little John was plagued by stomach trouble and intolerable headaches throughout his life.
		It provided his daughter, Deborah, with a place to sleep and remain comfortable through the severe Minnesota winters without having to be wrapped in numerous layers of clothing and blankets.
	robothink.blogspot.com /2005/09/long-dark-night-of-behaviorism.html (1246 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Jones (1924) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By striking the bar at the same time that Albert touched a white rat, the fear was transferred to the white rat.
		After seven combined stimulations, rat and sound, Albert not only became greatly disturbed at the sight of a rat, but this fear had spread to include a white rabbit, cotton wool, a fur coat, and the experimenter's hair.
		Watson intended to continue the study of Albert in an attempt to answer this question, but Albert was removed from the hospital and the series of observations was discontinued.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Jones (2784 words)

	John B. Watson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is known for having claimed that he could take any 12 healthy infants and, by applying behavioral techniques, create whatever kind of person he desired.
		There seemed to be little concern about it in Watson's time.
		Watson, John B. "Recent experiments with homing birds." "Harper's Magazine," 131, 457-64.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Broadus_Watson (2655 words)

	Theories and Treatment
		On dreams Jung writes, ‘The dream is a little hidden door in the innermost and most secret recesses of the psyche, opening into-that cosmic night which was psyche long before there was any ego-consciousness, and which will remain psyche no matter how far our ego-consciousness may extend...
		When the child is a year and a half old, it develops mental representation which is the ability to memorize events and experiences beyond the time for which the experience lasts.
		Jean conducted an experiment in which he provided a 3-D image of a mountain to children and then put a doll at one fixed position.
	www.termpapergenie.com /theories.html (4707 words)

	watsons little albert experiment - Science Fair Geek
		0 5997 EN Stranger, The Camus, Albert 8.5 4.0 29597 EN Cambodia...
		The Escape K.A. Applegate 4.0 4.0 33627EN The Experiment K.A. Applegate 4.1 3.0 33628EN The Exposed K...
		K.A. 4.0 4.0 33627 EN Experiment, The Applegate, K.A. Robert 2.0 0.5 124 EN Little Princess (Unabridged), A...
	www.sciencefairgeek.com /watsonslittlealbertexperiment (657 words)

	ipedia.com: List of famous experiments Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hershey-Chase experiment uses bacteriophage to prove that DNA is the hereditary material (1952)
		Michelson-Morley experiment exposes weaknesses of the prevailing variant of the theory of luminiferous aether.
		Ernest Rutherford's Gold foil experiment disproved the plum pudding model of the atom which suggests that the positive charge and mass of the atom are almost uniformly distributed.
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_famous_experiments.html (826 words)

	New Page 1
		For example, in Watson’s experiment, Little Albert developed a phobia of white rats (and other furry objects) as a result of pairing the white rat with a loud bang.
		The phobia could have been extinguished by repeatedly exposing Little Albert to the white rat without the loud bang.
		Little Albert could have extinguished his phobia of the white rat by pairing it with something pleasant (e.g., food, praise).
	www3.niu.edu /acad/psych/Millis/History/2003/phobias.htm (305 words)

	Psyc
		One of theses was used in the Little Albert experiment!
		conditioning of Little Albert to be afraid of a white rat in terms of:
		Is the Little Albert experiment considered to have been an
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/Faculty/Mastenbrook/2301StGdeLearning.htm (1549 words)

	Watson's Little Albert Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		John B. Watson in his experiment with Little Albert, an 11 month old baby, studied how emotions are learned.
		After several pairings, Albert showed fear (CR) of the white rat.
		Later, Albert generalized the fear to stimuli that were simular to CS, such as (C) a beard.
	www.dushkin.com /connectext/psy/ch06/watson.mhtml (85 words)

	Q and A with Carol Kaye - tribe.net
		I learned that she started out as a jazz guitarist, continued playing guitar throughout her career, both live and on records, and still performs on guitar quite frequently.
		This band proved to be invaluable disciplined experience as well as the the 100s of combo gigs she played, which provided an experienced background for her later serious jazz guitar work in the late 50s in LA, building her reputation as a strong instrumentalist comping and solo-wise.
		Don't take any off-beat comments to heart (yes, it's hard sometimes), but feed it back to them sometimes w/humor if it gets a little rough in what they are saying...so they know what they sound like.
	people.tribe.net /kingshag/blog/07db270c-029f-4b73-9f0e-5a365cb88ecc (1992 words)

	Timeline of scientific experiments - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Timeline below shows the date of publication of major scientific experiments.
		See also Timeline of scientific discoveries, Timeline of technological discoveries, List of timelines of Science and Technology, List of famous experiments.
		1955 - Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of the neutrino in the neutrino experiment
	www.iridis.com /Timeline_of_scientific_experiments (521 words)

	macbebekin: Conditioning
		In the living room, I can feel the bass thumping up through the soles of my feet when standing and through my bum when sitting on the futon.
		Worse, though, is the unsavory Magic Fingers effect it gives the entire bedroom, changing the ambience from luxurious little chamber to sleazy motel.
		update: Since the experiment is based not on positive reinforcement but on aversion conditioning, it would be more like the Little Albert experiment.
	www.macbebekin.com /archives/2004/05/conditioning.html (326 words)

	Psychology experiment - Montykins: When I Was A Psychology Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Your participation as a research subject in psychology experiments is voluntary.
		All experiments have been approved by the Psychology Department's Subjects Committee and by Rice University's Institutional Review Board.
		The Psychology faculty are working with their research assistants to get experiments ready to be run.
	newinfoseek.com /nwis/psychology-experiment.html (393 words)

	Assignment on Biography of John B. Watson
		While he was there he also wrote and sold books about the control over human emotions.
		In 1920 he published his most famous conditioning experiment "Little Albert." Later, he moved onto work for the William Esty Agency until he retired in 1945.
		After retiring, John lived on a farm in Connecticut until his death in 1958.
	www.paperadepts.com /paper/Biography_of_John_B_Watson-153388.html (173 words)

	Amazon.com: Classic Studies in Psychology: Books: Steven Schwartz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I own the rights to this title and would like to make it available again through Amazon.
		Used widely as a supplement to psychology texts, Classic Studies describes ﬁfteen cornerstone psychological experiments in detail (such as Pavlov's Condition Reﬂex, Sperry's Split Brain, Piaget's Conservation, and Bartlett's War of the Ghosts) and places each experiment in historical context.
		Covers experiments in many different areas (conditioning, development, memory, social psychology) and hits the "high notes" in each area: Pavlov's classical conditioning, Watson's "Little Albert" experiment, Piaget's cognitive development, Milgram's obedience experiment, and others.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0874847966?v=glance (376 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		\par What was the experiment with Little Albert?
		\par What was the US, UR, CS, CR in the Little Albert experiment?
		\par Did Little Albert\rquote s fear generalize and, if so, to what?
	www.nku.edu /~josiel/studyguide2(2003).rtf (334 words)

	Questions from which twenty will be selected for the 401 quiz 1 on Frdiay,
		Explain the basic difference between Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning and give an example of each.
		Explain how Watson's “Little Albert” experiment demonstrates classical conditioning.
		Describe how behaviourists believe that children learn and develop.
	www.educ.uvic.ca /epls/faculty/rowles/questions.htm (367 words)

	Mental Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		classic experiment - “Little Albert” (conditioned toddler to fear white, furry animals)
		Site offers reprint of Watson’s 1920 publication from Journal of Experimental Psychology, over his classic experiment with “Little Albert”).
		For enrichment, the student will research John B. Watson’s classic behaviorist experiment on “Little Albert” and discuss the ethical ramifications.
	www.texashste.com /html/mh_per2.htm (423 words)

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