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Topic: Little Ice Age

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	Little Ice Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling occurring after a warmer era known as the Medieval climate optimum.
		Some confine the Little Ice Age to 1550-1850, lasting approximately from the 16th to the mid-19th centuries while others prefer a span from the 13th to 17th centuries.
		The Little Ice Age can be seen in the art of the time; for example, snow dominates many village-scapes by the Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Younger, who lived from 1564 to 1638.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Little_Ice_Age (2436 words)

	ES 331/767 Lecture 19
		Cold climate and glacier expansion during the Little Ice Age are documented from all continents (except Antarctica) and on major islands from New Zealand to Svalbard (Grove 1988).
		The Little Ice Age was a time of exceptional poverty, misery and suffering in Iceland, as a result of severe winters, major volcanic eruptions, and oppressive Danish colonial rule.
		The end of the Little Ice Age occurred earliest--mid-1800s--for interior mountains of northern mid-latitudes, such as the European Alps, and took place latest--early 1900s--on islands of the South Pacific, as in New Zealand.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/ice/lec19/lec19.htm (2210 words)

	The Little Ice Age; was it big enough to be global? (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although ice within a glacier is always moving (like a conveyor belt), if the amount of annual accumulating snowfall which feeds the glacier equals the amount of ice that melts, then the glacier will sustain its present frontal 'terminus' position.
		The global implications of the Little Ice Age are still debatable, but it is rather safe to say that for a variety of reasons, the world was cooler for a period of time.
		And although the Little Ice Age devastated those who were sustaining themselves at a latitude and altitude extreme, it is important to keep in mind that this 'ice age' was a tiny blip in the climatic fluctuations of earth.
	jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /Weather/PaperProposalArticles/TheLittleIceAgewasitbigen.html (3997 words)

	Little Ice Age
		Tree rings and ice cores have been extensively used to reconstruct climate during the last 1,000 years.
		Occurring within the current warm interglacial period, the Little Ice Age cannot be regarded as a full glacial episode since the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere landmasses remained largely free of permanent ice cover.
		The causes behind the Little Ice Age, whether global in extent or not, are not well understood.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Climate_Change/Older/Little_Ice_Age.html (279 words)

	CVC - "Little Ice Age" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Most of the Little Ice Age occurred well before the Industrial Revolution and the widespread burning of fossil fuels, so scientists are confident that its climatic convulsions had purely natural causes.
		As with the Little Ice Age, its timing and effects varied from region to region, and many experts doubt that the Medieval Warm Period was a truly global phenomenon.
		One thing that happened during the Little Ice Age was that it spoiled the 1816 summer vacation of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife, Mary, with friends at Lake Geneva in Switzerland.
	earth.usc.edu /geol150/evolution/images/littleiceage/LittleIceAge.htm (2146 words)

	Little Ice Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling lasting approximately from the mid-14th to the mid-19th centuries.
		An ice core from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula clearly identifies events of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period.
		The U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports dispute the View that the LIA was prominent or global IPCC-TAR, and versions of the reconstruction of the temperature record of the past 1000 years in the Northern Hemisphere http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/figspm-1.htm do not show a pronounced period of cooling.
	little-ice-age.iqnaut.net (978 words)

	Ice age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a period of ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres; by this definition we are still in an ice age (because the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist).
		The present ice ages are the most studied and best understood, particularly the last 400,000 years, since this is the period covered by ice cores that record atmospheric composition and proxies for temperature and ice volume.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_age (2958 words)

	Little Ice Age was Worldwide; The Little Ice Age in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mann has argued that the Little Ice Age was not a global event, but a localized Northern European event.
		Although he makes a good effort to claim that future global warming may result in dislocations similar to the Little Ice Age, all the evidence in the book suggests that, in regard to human flourishing, warmer is better than colder.
		What they found was that it required 20,000 years for the ice sheet to fully respond to the different temperature changes.
	www.globalwarming.org /article.php?uid=212 (1061 words)

	dBmagazine.com.au
		Little Ice Age might have just crept up on the indie rosters here in Adelaide, but they're already setting their sights in some unusual places.
		But at the end, what Little Ice Age truly want is for you, all of you, to come down and see you play.
		Little Ice Age launch their self-titled CD-EP at the Jade Monkey on Sat 12 Nov with Straight To Video.
	dbmagazine.com.au /370/iv-LittleIceAge.shtml (745 words)

	Tkachuck, R. D. --- The Little Ice Age
		Several large-scale ice movements are postulated to have occurred in the Pleistocene epoch.
		The Little Ice Age is not characterized by similar amounts of polar ice so far south but rather by a period of several hundred years in which the winters were particularly severe in the Northern Hemisphere.
		It might be suggested that the Industrial Revolution's intensified burning of coal and wood increased the atmospheric CO sufficiently to hasten the end of the Little Ice Age.
	www.grisda.org /origins/10051.htm (4077 words)

	EO News: Possible Sharpshooter Insect Pest Habitats Mapped from Air & Space - November 28, 2001
		During the Little Ice Age, access to Greenland was largely cut off by ice from 1410 to the 1720s.
		During the coldest part of the Little Ice Age, from 1645 to 1715, there is believed to have been a decrease in the total energy output from the Sun, as indicated by little or no sunspot activity.
		As such, 1780 was used as an arbitrary baseline; the ice age period, then, is colder/bluer and 1780 is white or neutral.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/MediaResources/Little_Ice_Age (1311 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		The terms “Little Ice Age” and “Medieval Warm Period” have been used to describe two past climate epochs in Europe and neighbouring regions during roughly the 17th to 19th and 11th to 14th centuries, respectively.
		However, viewed hemispherically, the “Little Ice Age” can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late 20th century levels (Bradley and Jones, 1993; Jones et al., 1998; Mann et al., 1998; 1999; Crowley and Lowery, 2000).
		As with the “Little Ice Age”, the posited “Medieval Warm Period” appears to have been less distinct, more moderate in amplitude, and somewhat different in timing at the hemispheric scale than is typically inferred for the conventionally-defined European epoch.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm (1194 words)

	Global Warming — The Little Ice Age — Will there be another one?
		The cooling trend that marked the beginning of the Little Ice Age began around 1400, reached its peak during the 17th century and ended late in the 19th century.
		It is estimated that before the Little Ice Age began around 1400, the sea surface around Iceland was about 4° C warmer than it is now, enabling a man to make a long swim to the island of Hvalsey, off the coast of Iceland, to rescue stranded sheep.
		The time before the Little Ice Age was when the Viking settlements where thriving in Greenland, while the onset of the Little Ice Age caused those colonies to perish.
	www.fathersforlife.org /REA/warming5.htm (805 words)

	The Weather Doctor Book Reviews
		As such The Little Ice Age is not a scientific look at climate change (his brief attempt to describe the greenhouse effect continues the inaccuracy of the metaphor), and he breaks no new ground in the scientific search for recent (last few millennia) earth/climate history.
		The Little Ice Age, for which the book is named, is generally considered as an exceptional cold period between approximately 1300 and 1850.
		The Little Ice Age ends (circa 1850) with the present warming trend that began concurrent with the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/reviews/littleice.htm (1034 words)

	From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age
		From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age
		From 1564 to the 1730s—the coldest period of the Little Ice Age—malaria was an important cause of illness and death in several parts of England.
		Belts of sea ice 5 km wide were present along the coast in the English Channel and are believed to have been 30 to 40 km wide off the coast of the Netherlands.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol6no1/reiter.htm (5288 words)

	WHOI : Ocean and Climate Change Institute : Are We on the Brink of a 'New Little Ice Age?' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ice sheets reveal annual layers, which scientists can analyze to reconstruct the history of precipitation and air temperatures 100,000 years in the past.
		undefinedundefined Ice age conditions generally occur when all of the above conspire to create a minimum of summer sunlight on the arctic regions of the earth, although the Ice Age cycle is global in nature and occurs in phase in both hemispheres.
		They are of a magnitude comparable to the Little Ice Age, which had profound effects on human settlements in Europe and North America during the 16th through 18th centuries.
	www.whoi.edu /institutes/occi/viewArticle.do?id=10046 (2911 words)

	Global Climate Change Student Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This interval is often called the Little Ice Age, a term used to describe an epoch of renewed glacial advance.
		There is considerable evidence that the Little Ice Age consisted of two main cold stages of about a century's length (Bradley and Jones, 1992).
		Glaciers advanced in Europe, Asia and North America, whilst sea ice in the North Atlantic expanded with detrimental effects for the colonies of Greenland and Iceland (Lamb, 1982).
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/gcc/5-3-2-4.html (187 words)

	geol150
		The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age- ice sheets did not grow.
		It is thought that solar variability may have contributed to the initiation of the Little Ice Age.
		However, to explain the Little Ice Age, the climate sensitivity to solar variability must be 10 times more than observed over the last couple of decades.
	earth.usc.edu /~geol150/docs/littleiceage.html (799 words)

	DMNS-Ice Age in Depth
		An ice age is a period of time—usually millions or tens of millions of years—when vast glaciers, called ice sheets, cover much of the Earth’s land surface.
		Each cycle consists of a long, generally cold period during which the ice sheets slowly reach their maximum extent over tens of thousands of years, and a relatively short warm period during which the ice sheets rapidly retreat.
		A sobering possibility is that continued human-caused global warming could disrupt or override the natural climate cycle of the ice age.
	www.dmns.org /main/minisites/iceage/ia_indepth/depth1.html (259 words)

	Late Holocene climate
		During the Little Ice Age this glacier advanced and reached a maximum position about A.D. The maximum limit is marked by the stony lateral moraine on the valley floor.
		Some of the moraines retain a core of stagnant ice that is insulated by the cover of sediment.
		Thule culture of the Inuits, Canadian Arctic, during the Little Ice Age.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/ice/lec19/holocene.htm (2515 words)

	The Little Ice Age in Spain
		The storage and distribution of ice was a lively business involving whole sections of the rural population.
		The authors found that The Little Ice Age was by no means uniform in the region of study, and included both wetter and drier periods.
		Specifically, during the Little Ice Age, old terraces were swept away and new terraces were deposited along nearly all river systems in both basins.
	www.iberianature.com /material/iceage.html (669 words)

	The Little Ice Age in Europe - Influence of Dramatic Climate Shifts on European Civilizations: The Rise and Fall of the ...
		The Little Ice Age in Europe - Influence of Dramatic Climate Shifts on European Civilizations: The Rise and Fall of the Vikings and the Little Ice Age
		One might not expect a typically tropical disease such as malaria to be found during the LIA, but Reiter (2000) has shown that it was an important cause of illness and death in several parts of England.
		On many occasions bishops and priests were called to bless the fields and to pray that the ice stopped grinding forward (Bryson, 1977.) Various tax records show glaciers over the years destroying whole towns caught in their path.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html (2682 words)

	Review of The Little Ice Age by Brian Fagan
		So argues University of California archaeology professor Brian Fagan in The Little Ice Age, a persuasive account that ought to alert scientists, historians, and policy makers to take a fresh look at the causes and implications of a global climate that appears to be changing faster than ever before in human history.
		The Little Ice Age announced its arrival with The Great Famine of 1315-1321, which may have set the stage for the Hundred Years War.
		The climatic zigs and zags of the Little Ice Age had rarely lasted more than twenty-five years when it ended in the mid-nineteenth century.
	www.fredbortz.com /review/LittleIceAge.htm (584 words)

	Science Question of the Week --Little Ice Age - November 28, 2005
		The Little Ice Age was a period from 1300 to 1850 A.D. when the Northern Hemisphere experienced colder than normal temperatures.
		The coldest period of the Little Ice Age is attributed to lower than normal solar energy.
		Unusually low solar activity, indicated by little or no sunspot activity, between 1645 and 1715 likely triggered the Little Ice Age in Europe and North America.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /scienceques2005/20051128.htm (369 words)

	CNN.com - Nature - Little ice age holds big climate clues - March 1, 2000
		Previous climate data revealed that a centuries-long cold snap — the little ice age — ended in the mid-1800s.
		Data with an error of plus or minus 10 years is not generally expected from ice cores taken from mid-latitudes such as the Rocky Mountains in North America.
		The scientific community criticized a paper published in 1996 on this ice core taken from Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range because it had an error bar of plus or minus 100 years.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/NATURE/03/01/ice.age.climate.enn (669 words)

	Little Ice Age
		The Little Ice Age (1560-1850) brought bitterly cold winters to parts of northern Europe and North America.
		Increased ice kept whales out of the Arctic seas - forcing native people to adapt from whale hunting to seal hunting.
		People skated on the ice while ships were frozen in the harbors (Picture).
	www.athropolis.com /arctic-facts/fact-little-ice-age-2.htm (241 words)

	The Little Ice Age, Agriculture in the 14th - 19th Centuries
		The Little Ice Age ran from 1300 until the middle of the 19th Century, and was scarcely a hit with the volkenheimer.
		The Little Ice Age suffers from a pedestrian style of writing, possibly because Professor Fagan lives near a pedestrian area in Santa Barbara, California.
		This reviewer has a picture of a Paris mob storming the Bastille because of ice in their vichysoise, and Robespierre's chilly smile becoming even chillier when he couldn't start his Deux Cheveux in the morning.
	www.ralphmag.org /AN/ice-age.html (547 words)

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