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Topic: Little Rock Crisis

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	Crisis in Little Rock
		The president was still reluctant to endorse integration, but saw the crisis as a challenge to federal authority.
		Lawyers for the Little Rock school board said they were unsure whether the Supreme Court's Brown ruling applied to Arkansas schools.
		Little Rock was but one extraordinary example of the steps Southern governors, lawmakers and citizens took to resist the Brown ruling.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/marshall/littlerock1.html (2053 words)

	Little Rock Crisis NEWS, INFORMATION AND RESOURCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		LITTLE ROCK When the 50th anniversary of the Little Rock Central school crisis is observed in 2007, part of the commemoration will be a drama based on the events in 1957.
		LITTLE ROCK The University of Arkansas at Little Rock's oldest nursing graduate, 66-year-old Bonnie Ervin, is finally fulfilling a 50-year goal.
		Little Rock School Integration Crisis On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education that segregated schools are "inherently unequal." In September...
	thelittlerockweb.com /little-rock-crisis.html (665 words)

	Little Rock Central High School biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Little Rock Central High School was the site of a major event during the civil rights movement in the United States.
		Nine fl students, known as the Little Rock Nine, were denied entrance to the school in defiance of the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling ordering integration of public schools.
		The crisis at Little Rock?s Central High School was the first fundamental test of the national resolve to enforce African-American civil rights in the face of massive southern defiance during the years following the Brown decision.
	little-rock-central-high-school.biography.ms (348 words)

	Little Rock Nine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The integration crisis was a major event during the (Click link for more info and facts about American civil rights movement) American civil rights movement.
		The Little Rock Nine were awarded the (Click link for more info and facts about Congressional Gold Medal of Honor) Congressional Gold Medal of Honor in 1998.
		During their ordeal the Little Rock Nine were advised by Little Rock journalist and activist (Click link for more info and facts about Daisy Bates) Daisy Bates.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/little_rock_nine.htm (406 words)

	CNN - Clinton to hold door for 'Little Rock Nine' - September 24, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		LITTLE ROCK, Arkansas (CNN) -- President Clinton Thursday will hold open a Little Rock schoolhouse door so nine fl former students can enter, in a powerful symbolic repudiation of one of the ugliest incidents in U.S. civil rights history.
		Clinton is to speak at Central High School in Little Rock, which was desegregated September 25, 1957, under the presence of Army troops sent to enforce a court order in a historic test of the Constitution.
		The Little Rock crisis was the first time the federal government had enforced court-ordered integration.
	www1.cnn.com /US/9709/24/little.rock (587 words)

	Seizing the U.S. Arsenal at Little Rock
		While his troops had served in Kansas and arrived in Little Rock armed as infantry, a battery set of cannon was on hand at their new station at the Arsenal, and it must have been a bit of joy for the troops to begin training with the field pieces once more.
		Like the citizens of Little Rock, they were conservative in their politics, and this led to an immediate clash with the other militia gathering near the State House.
		As Totten completed his letter to the War Department, the ladies of Little Rock, in appreciation for his decision not to fight at the arsenal in order to avoid bloodshed and the destruction of their nearby homes and property, procured a presentation sword as a memento of his courage, and their appreciation.
	www.geocities.com /capitalguards/arsenal.html (9200 words)

	REPOST: Central High Crisis -- Reasearch Presentation Patrick... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Little Rock, Arkansas, long considered a liberal bastion on the northern edge of the conservative American South, the school board announced almost immediately that it would comply with the Brown decision.
		From the first days of the Little Rock Crisis it became evident that the NAACP and its Arkansas Chapter President, Daisy Bates, were more concerned with the advancement of the African-American people than with the physical and psychological well-being of the Little Rock Nine.
		Daisy Bates, renowned for her role in the Little Rock Crisis, considered it a personal battle and, as a result, often overlooked the concerns of the Little Rock Nine in favour of her own and those of the NAACP.
	web.mala.bc.ca /helenbrown/History476Discussion/00000054.htm (1024 words)

	Little Rock Central High 40th Anniversary - The 1957-58 School Year
		The Little Rock School Board files a request for permission to delay integration until the concept of "all deliberate speed" is defined and until effective legal means exists for integrating the schools without impairing the quality of the educational programs.
		Little Rock Chamber of Commerce votes 819 to 245 in favor of reopening the schools on a controlled minimum plan of integration acceptable to the federal courts.
		This time Little Rock police take the offensive, quickly arresting 21 and calling in fire hoses to be turned on the remaining crowd, which dispersed.
	www.centralhigh57.org /1957-58.htm (1604 words)

	Little Rock School Crisis NEWS, INFORMATION AND RESOURCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		LITTLE ROCK Eleven schools have been identified for the Arkansas Department of Education as being in "fiscal distress." Chairman of the State Board of Education, JoNelle Caldwell, said the districts have 30...
		LITTLE ROCK - School superintendents painted a dire picture of cash-strapped districts teetering on the brink of "oblivion" in a week of testimony before state Supreme Court masters.
		Little Rock School District Cuts Athletics The Little Rock School Board voted to cut 6th grade athletics out of the curriculum.
	www.thelittlerockweb.com /little-rock-school-crisis.html (671 words)

	We Shall Overcome -- Little Rock Central High School
		One of the "Little Rock Nine" braves a jeering crowd
		Little Rock High School, now Central High School National Historic Site, is a national emblem of the often violent struggle over school desegregation.
		Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site was designated a unit of the National Park Service on November 6, 1998.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/civilrights/ak1.htm (443 words)

	Eisenhower and the Little Rock Crisis
		Arkansas National Guard troops and large crowd outside of Little Rock's Central High School, September 5, 1957.
		That's what happened in Little Rock, Arkansas in the Fall of 1957, when Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School.
		Governor Faubus was openly defying a 1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown vs. Topeka, which ordered that U.S. public schools be desegregated "with all deliberate speed." President Dwight D. Eisenhower, as the chief law enforcement officer of the United States, was presented with a difficult problem.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/eisenhower/littlerock_1 (127 words)

	Arkansas News Bureau - 50 years later in Little Rock
		Little Rock plans big doings in 2007, though the 50th anniversary of the Little Rock Central integration crisis risks being an anticlimax to the 40th.
		We could always take honest stock of where we are on race in Little Rock, in Arkansas, across the United States and throughout the world.
		John Brummett is a columnist for the Arkansas News Bureau in Little Rock.
	www.arkansasnews.com /archive/2005/06/30/JohnBrummett/323754.html (635 words)

	little rock nine - little rock nine Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Despite all legislative efforts by the segregationists to prevent the "Little Rock Nine," as the students were known, from attending Central...
		One of the "Little Rock Nine" braves a...
		Rock Nine, the youths were attempting to become the first fl students to enroll at Central High School, an all-white school in Little Rock...
	arkansasnet.info /little-rock-nine (1005 words)

	Little Rock Central High 40th Anniversary
		Little Rock felt it could break down the barriers of segregation in its schools with a carefully developed program.
		The year that followed was one in which the eyes of the world were focused on America as Little Rock Central High School went through its first year of integration, ending on May 27, 1958, with commencement ceremonies for 601 graduating seniors, including Ernest Green, the school's first fl graduate.
		From a symposium on the historical perspective of the crisis at Central High to a birthday party for all the school's alumni to celebrate the 70th birthday of the magnificent building, the events of September 20-28, 1997, were exciting and memorable.
	www.centralhigh57.org (896 words)

	Second Baptist Church and the Little Rock HS Crisis By Ray Higgins - Issue 043 p. 10
		When the governor closed Little Rock’s high schools for the 1958-59 school year, Cowling opened an accredited high school in Second Baptist Church for the public.
		Little Rock is still recovering from racism’s destructive consequences.
		Just this month, the Little Rock School District was released from court-ordered sanctions for the first time since 1957.
	www.christianethicstoday.com /Issue/043/Second%20Baptist%20Church%20and%20the%20Little%20Rock%20HS%20Crisis%20By%20Ray%20Higgins_043_10_.htm (959 words)

	Little Rock Nine, 1957 Integration Struggle
		LITTLE ROCK, Ark., (Sept. 25)-- Eight of the "Little Rock Nine" faced the press here September 24 and said they were proud of their stand for integration 40 years ago, pleased at the progress Little Rock and the country has made, but conscious that more needs to be done.
		Her sentiment was echoed by Ernest Green who said that the Little Rock Nine knew that education could make a difference.
		Asked how the Little Rock Nine were chosen, Beals explained that the decision was made by the local school board.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/blackhis/nine.htm (608 words)

	Civil Rights Veterans Remember the 1957 Little Rock Crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Little Rock, Arkansas -- They were the people that much of the press did not write about in 1957 -- the civil rights activists who risked their careers and reputations to support the Little Rock Nine and the cause of integration.
		Pat Murphy, the youngest member of the group, said he was representing his mother who had been active in the Women's Emergency Committee, a nongovernmental organization (NGO) of mostly white women who fought to re-open the public high schools after the state closed them for an entire school year in 1958-59 in resistance to integration.
		Her book, "Breaking the Silence: Little Rock Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools," was published posthumously earlier this year.
	www.usembassy-israel.org.il /publish/civic/archive/0924b.html (647 words)

	Arkansas article - Arkansas State nickname Other U.S. States Capital Little Rock Little - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Huckabee, who had been elected lieutenant governor in a 1993 special election, ascended to the governor's office when Governor Jim Guy Tucker, a Democrat, was convicted of felony mail fraud as part of the Whitewater Scandal.
		This led to a state "Constitutional crisis" when Tucker refused to give up the governor's office for a short period of time, because the Arkansas Constitution does not allow a convicted felon to be governor of the state.
		Tucker had been lieutenant governor under Bill Clinton and had become governor as a result of Clinton's election to the presidency.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Arkansas (555 words)

	Online NewsHour: Little Rock Anniversary -- September 25, 1997
		PRESIDENT CLINTON: Little Rock is historic ground, for surely it was here at Central High that we took another giant step closer to the idea of America.
		Rock's schools stemmed from the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision--Brown vs. the Board of Education--which overturned the so called "separate but equal" standard which had led to separate schools for fl and white children in the South.
		PRESIDENT CLINTON: Before Little Rock, for me and other white children the struggles of fl people, whether we were sympathetic or hostile to them, were mostly background music in our normal, self-absorbed lives.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/race_relations/july-dec97/rock_9-25a.html (1362 words)

	H-Net Review: Terry D. Goddard on Redefining The Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, ...
		Using the Little Rock school crisis of 1957 as a focal point Kirk examines the struggle by fl activists in Little Rock from 1940-1970.
		Kirk claims "one direct consequence of the success of Flowers and the CNO was the increasing pressure on Little Rock's fl leadership to take a more active and forthright stand in the emerging struggle for civil rights" (p.
		However, his account of the Little Rock School Crisis in chapter five focuses the story back on the activities of the fl community.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=66671049763020 (1483 words)

	Little Rock Nine - Biocrawler definition:Little Rock Nine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Little Rock Nine - Biocrawler definition:Little Rock Nine - Biocrawler
		A crisis erupted, however, when Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus called out the National Guard on September 4 to prevent the Little Rock Nine from attending high school.
		The Little Rock Nine were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor in 1998.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Little_Rock_Crisis (536 words)

	Central High School National Historic Site, Little Rock: Arkansas Parks & Tourism
		Little Rock High School, now Central High School National Historic Site, is a national symbol of the often intense struggle over school desegregation.
		On returning to Little Rock, however, he dismissed the troops, leaving the African American students exposed to an angry white mob.
		Located on Daisy Bates Drive in Little Rock, Central High is still a working high school, one of the top schools in the state.
	www.arkansas.com /photofacts.asp?id=998 (370 words)

	THE LITTLE ROCK INTEGRATION CRISIS. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to School ...
		The desegregation movement was just beginning and the effects of the Little Rock Integration Crisis was one of the earliest stepping stones leading towards a united nation; this event helped set new standards of integration, while setting an example to the rest of the world that old forms of segregation would no longer be accepted.
		After the decision, the Little Rock school board accepted the fact that it had to integrate fl and white children in their schools.
		The "Little Rock Nine" were rushed out of the school by the rear entrance to avoid further violence.
	www.schooltermpapers.com /essay/016949.html (2061 words)

	ON THIS DAY \| 25 \| 1957: Troops end Little Rock school crisis
		Little Rock became of symbol of southern resistance to government attempts to desegregate American society.
		But once the troops are gone it is feared the white mob may retaliate against the 30,000 fl residents at Little Rock, especially leaders of the NAACP.
		A year later Little Rock's white residents voted to close the high schools rather than keep them open on a desegregated basis.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/25/newsid_3078000/3078227.stm (465 words)

	Untitled Document
		The majority of events which took place in Little Rock Arkansas were written about from the point of view of the white students at Central High School in their student newspaper, The Tiger.
		Melba Beals and Jefferson Thomas were two of the 'Little Rock Nine', the African American students who first integrated Central High.
		Little Rock did not move immediately to integrate, but made a plan to gradually integrate the school system.
	teacherlink.org /content/social/instructional/little/lrstud.html (766 words)

	AllPolitics - Clinton Honors Little Rock Nine - Sep. 25, 1997
		LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AllPolitics, Sep. 25) -- Forty years ago armed paratroopers escorted nine fl students past an angry crowd into Central High School.
		Under a brilliant blue sky, Clinton praised the Little Rock Nine and their parents, extolled the value of a good education, and called for action to improve the future for America's children.
		The Little Rock crisis marked the first time the federal government had enforced court-ordered desegregation.
	edition.cnn.com /ALLPOLITICS/1997/09/25/clinton.littlerock (926 words)

	AAA Traveler - Little Rock
		Until recent efforts to revitalize Little Rock’s downtown, the biggest happening along the riverfront was Riverfest–a Memorial Day weekend music extravaganza that attracts thousands to the Riverfront Park Amphitheater.
		On the far side of the Arkansas River in North Little Rock, the $80 million Alltel Arena is a state-of-the-art, 11-story center for performing artists, as well as the home of Little Rock’s East Coast Hockey League team (the Arkansas RiverBlades).
		Directly across the street is one of Little Rock’s grandest old hotels, The Capital (a AAA Four-Diamond property), renovated in recent years to reveal the glamour and grace President Ulysses S. Grant experienced when he was a guest there.
	www.aaamissouri.com /traveler/0303/fea_big_s.html (1152 words)

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