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	The Giant Lituya Bay Tsunami of July 9, 1958 - by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		Upper Lituya Bay response and associated secondary phenomena contributing to the giant slushing wave action in Gilbert Inlet, depended on the earthquake's energy release, proximity to the epicenter, physical rupture along the fault, propagation path of surface seismic waves, and the magnitude and duration of the dynamic, near-field, strong motions.
		However, because of the proximity of the upper Lituya Bay to the epicenter and because of the geometric orientation with the Fairweather fault, the surface waves and the strong ground motions begun almost immediately after the onset of the earthquake.
		The giant wave runup of 1720 feet at the head of the Bay and the subsequent huge wave along the main body of Lituya Bay which occurred on July 9, 1958, were caused primarily by an enormous subaerial rockfall into Gilbert Inlet at the head of Lituya Bay, triggered by dynamic earthquake ground motions.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1958LituyaB.html (0 words)

	Lituya Bay @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lituya Bay is a fjord located at 58Â°38â²N 137Â°34â²W in the U.S. state of Alaska.
		The entrance of the bay is very narrow, and the tides going into and out of the bay through the entrance also cause very treacherous currents.
		Lituya Bay is a part of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Lituya_Bay (324 words)

	Lituya Bay Adventure
		Lituya Bay is a unusually beautiful bay gouged out of steep mountains abutting the sea.
		The crossbar part of Lituya Bay is the glacier-filled trench of the Fairweather Fault, an active break slicing through the mountains roughly parallel to the coast.
		A weakness in the rock strata allowed a breach to develop connecting the Fairweather trench to the ocean and so Lituya Bay was formed.
	www.seawolf-adventures.com /lituya.html (233 words)

	Lituya Bay, Alaska Science Forum
		T-shaped Lituya Bay is an accident of Nature that perhaps shouldn't have happened.
		Many are the sailors who have avoided hours of difficult sea or being storm-battered against the rocky coast by entering the entrance to Lituya Bay at slack flood tide, the only time for safe passage.
		Of Lituya Bay's weird grandeur La Perouse said, "I never saw a breath of air ruffle the surface of this water; it is never troubled but by the fall of immense blocks of ice, which continually detach themselves from fine glaciers, and which in falling make a noise that resounds far through the mountains.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF0/091.html (0 words)

	NOAA History - Stories and Tales of the Coast & Geodetic Survey - Alaska Tales/Lituya Bay Gulf of Alaska
		The first record of Lituya Bay (although Captain Cook(2) reported the existence of the Fairweather Range in 1778) is by the French explorer La Perouse(1) who navigated its treacherous entrance with two frigates in 1786, a very nice piece of seamanship.
		While his fleet was anchored in the bay six officers and fifteen men in two small boats approached too close to the entrance while they were surveying the bay and were swept out to sea in the strong ebb current.
		In Lituya Bay salmon fishing was particularly interesting and was indulged in frequently by members of the SURVEYOR's complement who were cautioned to keep away from the entrance during ebb tide.
	www.history.noaa.gov /stories_tales/lituya.html (2321 words)

	Alaska magazine \| Wilderness Adventurer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lituya Bay was one of the blank spots that I most wanted to fill on my Alaska map.
		The bay had been a place of death since the time when Native Tlingits had a village at its mouth and, along with the white pyramids of the Fairweather Range that backlight the bay, each writer mentioned a vague sense of dread that hangs over the place.
		The bay’s entrance is almost narrow enough to throw a stone across; all the deep water of the bay struggles to get through the slot at low tide, and the Pacific roars in at high tide.
	www.alaskamagazine.com /stories/0903/adventurer.shtml (1222 words)

	Do you want to hear a real earthquake story? Here you go..... [Free Republic]
		Lituya Bay is a "T" shaped bay with the upper part of the "T" being the glacially scoured fault trace of the Fairweather fault.
		Midway between the head of the bay and Cenotaph Island the wave appeared to be a straight wall of water, possibly 100 feet high, extending from shore to shore.
		The earthquake-induced subaerial landslide in Lituya Bay, Alaska, generated a huge splash (520 m) and a large local tsunami in the bay (50 m) that was recorded in Hawaii with an amplitude of 0.10 m or less.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a9f1cc964a4.htm (3337 words)

	Glacier Bay National Park Information Page
		Glacier Bay is blanketed with a mosaic of plant life, from a few pioneer species in recently exposed areas to intricately balanced climax communities in coastal and alpine regions.
		Glacier Bay became a National Monument on 25 Feb 1925, and was established as a national park and preserve on 02 Dec 1980.
		The Glacier Bay watershed is a vast tract of land and water delimited to the east and north by the Chilkat and Takinsha Ranges, to the northwest by the high crest of the Fairweather Range, and to the west by the peaks and ridges forming the eastern margin of the Brady Glacier.
	www.glacier.bay.national-park.com /info.htm (10562 words)

	Tsunami
		The Lituya Bay wave is generally described as the largest tsunami ever recorded in modern times, and has been given the special name of mega-tsunami.
		Lituya Bay was considered to be a safe haven for fishing boats, as it was always calm, even during storms.
		There were three boats in the bay at the time of the earthquake and the resulting massive landslide, and incredibly two of the boats and their crew survived the mega tsunami to tell the tale.
	www.sky-web.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /wwa/tsunami.htm (1568 words)

	View of Lityua Bay and Description of Tsunami
		Lituya Bay Close Up The rockslide occurred along the eastern wall of the Gilbert Inlet (see figure above).
		The mass of rock striking the surface of the bay created a giant splash, which sent water surging to a height of 1720 feet (see figure above) across the point opposite the inlet.
		Eyewitness accounts from the few unfortunate boaters who happened to be anchored in the bay for night, state that the wave was at least 100 feet tall at its maximum height near the head of the bay.
	www.usc.edu /dept/tsunamis/alaska/1958/webpages/lituyacloseup.html (0 words)

	07. Olga Bay, Tides in Bays, Mathematics
		At Lituya Bay, a dramatic, somewhat risky bay between Cape Spencer and Yakutat, I had entered at the high or low tide times for the ocean outside the bay, "reasoning" that the slack water time would be more or less the same as the high or low tide time.
		For such a bay, the tidal height inside the bay would not change, it would be equal to the average ocean tidal height, and the slack water times would be nearly three hours after high and low tides (on average).
		As a bay's capacity increases (and/or as the entrance channel's resistance to flow increases), the slack water delay time after high and low tide gradually increases, to almost three hours for the largest bays with the smallest entrances.
	arachnoid.com /alaska2003/olga_bay_tides_in_bays.html (2394 words)

	U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-0100 - Landslide-induced wave assessment: Tidal Inlet, Glacier Bay National ...
		Glacier Bay National Park, located in the northern part of southeast Alaska, is a land of glacier-clad, snow-capped mountain ranges rising to over 4,500 m, coastal beaches, deep fjords, tidewater glaciers, and freshwater lakes.
		The active portion of the Denali fault is far to the northeast of Glacier Bay, beyond the area shown in fig.
		From dendrochronologic analysis of trees and observations of trimlines along the slopes of Lituya Bay, Miller (1960) was able to identify at least four landslide-generated waves that had occurred in the bay: July 9, 1958, October, 1936, about 1874, and 1853-1854.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2003/ofr-03-100/ofr-03-100.html (9090 words)

	PBS - Harriman: Tlingit Children in Yakutat Tell Oral Histories
		Yakutat Bay and the area around it was part of the 263 miles of land owned by the Tlingit people.
		Lituya Bay George had such strong feelings about not wanting to lose it, he had laid claim to it.
		The Tlingits of the Yakutat area occupied all of the Gulf of Alaska, from Cape Fairweather to between Dry Bay and Lituya Bay.
	www.pbs.org /harriman/explog/lectures/yakutat.html (1600 words)

	Biggest tsunami \| Lituya Bay Tsunami
		The incredibly massive size of the material 'plopping' into the ocean (or the shifting of the sea floor) creates MAJOR ripples that are so big they are gigantic waves traveling at speeds of up to 200 mph/320kph over really long distances in the open sea.
		Note the extent of the non-forested areas of land lining the shore of the bay, which marks the approximate reach of the tsunami's runup.
		We say that the tsunami at Lituya Bay was the biggest wave ever, but that's just the ones humans have witnessed and have been able to record.
	www.extremescience.com /BiggestWave.htm (0 words)

	Giant Waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska; USGS PP 354-C: Conclusion
		Whatever the odds against their occurring during any given short period of time, the giant waves probably will occur in Lituya Bay in the future; this potential danger should be known to those who enter the bay.
		The giant waves that rose to a maximum height of 490 feet in Lituya Bay on October 27, 1936 were generated in Crillon Inlet by some disturbance other than the previously reported flood of water from an icedammed lake in the basin of North Crillon Glacier.
		The 1958 giant wave in Lituya Bay affords geologists and biologists an example of catastrophic destruction of plant and animal life, and also an opportunity to study the rate and nature of reestablishment of marine life in the intertidal and nearshore zones, and of plant life in the recently denuded zone above the shoreline.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/projects/geoweb/participants/dutch/LituyaBay/Lituya8.HTM (2380 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - Mega-tsunami: Wave of Destruction
		GEORGE PLAFKER: We didn’t find any petroleum in Lituya Bay but what we did find was something that happened on a cataclysmic scale and we spent a large part of our time trying to understand it.
		It was a gigantic landslide that fell into the head of the bay, fell from a height of as much as 1100 metres above sea-level and this created a huge splash and wave that then propagated toward the mouth of the bay and creating havoc in its way.
		GEORGE PLAFKER: The mean lesson of Lituya Bay is that a body of rock that’s large enough and falls from high enough into the water can generate extremely large and violent waves.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2000/mega_tsunami_transcript.shtml (5672 words)

	Alaskan Scenery
		Icy Bay has a 8000 foot concrete lighted runway and is opened 24 hours a day.
		Lituya Bay is located 96 miles from Juneau, Alaska (AK) on a 282 degree heading.
		Lituya Bay sits on the coast and is an excellent stop while traveling the coastline.
	www.planesimulation.com /fsdownloads/FSalas2.htm (750 words)

	Alaska magazine \| Wilderness Adventurer: Respect (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We are camped on Cenotaph Island in Lituya Bay, on the west side of Glacier Bay National Park near the open Pacific.
		Adding to the mystique of the bay is its narrow entrance to the ocean a few miles west of us.
		The roar of the ocean and the sight of new trees are the immediate distractions in Lituya Bay; the notion that this place is rising faster than anywhere else on the planet is just that, an intellectual concept detected by satellite and computer, out of the range of human senses.
	www.alaskamagazine.com /stories/0704/adventurer.shtml (1210 words)

	Sitnews -Stories in the News - Ketchikan, Alaska - News: Governor Signs Bill Naming New State Ferry "Lituya" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The bill, SB 223 naming the new state ferry "Lituya", was introduced at the request of Lt. Governor Loren Leman, as the conclusion of a contest held among grade school students to name the new ferry.
		The new state ferry "Lituya" is named after the Lituya Glacier, which empties into Lituya Bay on the outer coast of Glacier Bay which was the site of one of the largest local tsunamis ever recorded.
		According to information provided at Friday's news conference, the "Lituya" is expected to be launched in December of 2003 and in service by May of 2004.
	www.sitnews.us /0803news/080803pm/080803_lituya.html (508 words)

	Largest tsunami ever in the world. mega-tsunami Lituya Bay 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake.
		On July 09, 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska an earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale resulted in 40 million cubic meters of rock to fall into the sea.
		As the wave swept through Lituya Bay it was forced to rise up, reaching a height of 1,720 feet or 40 feet short of a third of a mile.
		The Lituya Bay tsunami was labeled a mega-tsunami, but it was relatively very small compared to what would happen if the big one hits.
	thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com /largest99.html (200 words)

	Alaska Kayaking Photos - Kayakers on Alaskan Sea Kayak Cruise Photos
		Kayaking - Glacier Bay, Yakobi, West Chichagof, Tracy Arm, Ford's Terror, Baranof Island, Chatham Straits, Lituya Bay
		Lituya Bay Glacier National Park Kayaking Chatham Straits Baranof Island Kayaking Ford's Terror Kayaking Tracy Arm Glacier Bay National Park Yakobi - West Chichagof West Chichagof Wilderness Kayaking Tracy Arm
		All Alaska sea kayaking photos, Glacier National Park cruise sea photographs and Alaskan Glacier Bay kayaking photos were taken during Home Shore tours, with contributions from professionals Gary Luhm, Suzanne Steel, Heath Cowart, & Ben Kyle.
	www.homeshore.com /alaska_kayaking_photos.htm (0 words)

	WGNTV CoverStory: Tsunamis on American Shores \| News \| WGNTV.com \| WGN TV \| Chicago's CW
		The Lituya Bay tsunami dwarfs the Asian tsunami.
		Lituya Bay is located about 120 miles southwest of Juneau, off the Gulf of Alaska.
		To visit Lituya Bay is to understand why this area is so tsunami prone.
	wgntv.trb.com /news/wgntv-news-111405tsunami,0,1513067.story?coll=wgntv-weather-4 (557 words)

	:: ASC :: Tsunamis & Seiches in south Asia
		Seiches are described as "a standing wave in a closed body of water such as a lake or bay".
		The quake dislodged an estimated 30 million cubic metres of rock and sent it cascading into the bay, from a height of 900 metres.
		They had anchored their fishing boat, the Badger, just inside Lituya bay's opening to the sea, behind a 1.5 kilometre spit called the La Chaussee Spit.
	www.asc-india.org /menu/waves.htm (853 words)

	Get Lost Magazine - Anchor Chain
		As you might expect, the western slopes leading into Lituya Bay are also covered with huge magnificent glaciers.
		So after we sailed up the coast to Lituya Bay, using our engine during the last leg so that we could arrive at slack time, we safely entered the harbor and anchored about a mile inside.
		It turned out to be two members of the Glacier Bay rangers staff, up for their once a year two day inspection of this National Park, and they wanted to both be sure that we were OK and that we knew how to safely navigate back out when we were ready to leave.
	www.getlostmagazine.com /features/1999/9912anchor/anchor.html (1425 words)

	Philip L. Fradkin - Wildest Alaska: Journeys of Great Peril in Lituya Bay (Volume II in the Earthquake Trilogy)
		We camped on Cenotaph Island in the midst of the bay and explored the bay and the surrounding region on foot and in the kayak.
		The Tlingit Indian shamans had many myths concerning the bay, where large waves that appeared suddenly at the narrow entrance caused numerous drownings and giant waves descending from the interior wiped out whole villages.
		After the last giant wave swept the bay in 1958 to a height of 1,740 feet, a U.S. Geological Survey geologist figured out that such giant waves, which are technically tsunamis and the largest waves ever recorded, had occurred at least four times in the past.
	www.philipfradkin.com /work9.htm (633 words)

	July 10, 1958 Tsunami - Lituya Bay
		Inside LaChausee Spit at the bay entrance were two boats, the Badger, aboard which Bill and Vivian Swanson, of Auburn, Wash., lay asleep, and the Sunmore, occupied by Orville Wagner, of Idaho Inlet, and his young wife Mickey.
		Farther in, near Lituya's south shore, were Howard Uhlrich and his 7-year-old son Junior, in the 38-foot Edrie.
		Swanson and his wife later insisted that the terminal ice mass of Lituya Glacier rose into view from behind a headland up the bay, with great masses falling from its face, and then fell majestically into the water, creating a wave that went over the whole headland.
	wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov /web_tsus/19580710/narrative1.htm (527 words)

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