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	Liutprand, King of the Lombards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liutprand was the king of the Lombards from 712 to 744 and is chiefly remembered for his Donation of Sutri, in 728, and his long reign which brought him into conflicts, mostly successful, with most of Italy at some time or other.
		At the opening of his reign, Liutprand's chief ally among his neighbors was the Agilolfing Theodo I, the Frankish duke of Bavaria, to whose intervention on Ansprand's behalf he owed his throne.
		At Rome, Liutprand camped on the far bank of the Tiber in the "Field of Nero" [1] and arbitrated, returning to the exarch the city of Ravenna alone among the Byzantine territories and prevailing on the pope to restore his allegiance to the emperor (730).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liutprand_the_Lombard (1136 words)

	Lombards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lombards were one of the tribes forming the Suebi, and during the 1st century AD they lived in northwest Germany.
		At the end of the 5th century the Lombards settled in what is now Austria, in the territory formerly occupied by the Rugians, and at the beginning of the 6th century they were settled in Pannonia (now Western Hungary and the Czech Republic) by the Emperor Justinian, as foederati.
		The Lombard reign began to recover only with Liutprand the Lombard (king from 712), son of Ansprand and successor of the brutal Aripert II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lombards (2009 words)

	Liutprand of Cremona
		Lombard diplomat, historian, and bishop of Cremona whose chronicles are a major source for the history of the 10th century.
		In 963 Liutprand undertook a mission for the Emperor to Pope John XII and later that year played an important part in a synod at Rome at which John was deposed and Leo VIII was elected pope.
		The mission was unsuccessful; Liutprand's chronicles include a bitter description of his rude treatment by the emperor Nicephorus II Phocas.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/L/Liutprand_of_Cremona.html (321 words)

	f. The Lombards and the Popes. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Lombards, always few in number, had associated other peoples (including Saxons and some Slavs) in their invasion, but even then they were not numerous enough to occupy the whole peninsula.
		Lombard occupation (virtually military rule at first) covered inland Liguria, inland Tuscany, inland Venetia, the duchy of Spoleto and the duchy of Benevento.
		It was equally decisive in Italian history, for the papal victory over the Lombards terminated the last effective effort to establish unity and a centralized government until the end of the 19th century.
	www.bartleby.com /67/408.html (1565 words)

	States of the Church
		Liutprand also restored a number of patrimonies that had been seized by the Lombards, and furthermore concluded a twenty years' peace with the pope.
		Liutprand did in fact allow himself to be induced by Zacharias to surrender the greater part of his conquests.
		The Lombard promised to give up the cities of the exarchate and of the Pentapolis, which had been last conquered, to make no further attacks upon or to evacuate the Duchy of Rome and the districts of Venetia and Istria, and acknowledged the sovereignty of the Franks.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/patrimonium_sancti_petri.html (12081 words)

	Lombards at Big Serving.com - Free Online Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Thesaurus and more. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At the end of the 5th century Lombards settled in the area of what is now Austria, in the territory formerly occupied by the Rugians, and at the beginning of the 6th century they were settled in Pannonia (now Western Hungary and the Czech Republic) by the Emperor Justinian, in quality of foederati.
		The Lombard reign began to recover only with Liutprand the Lombard (king since 712), son of Ansprand and successor of the brutal Aripert II.
		After his defeat of Ratchis, the last Lombard to rule as king of the Lombards was Desiderius, duke of Toscana, who managed to conquer in a definitive way Ravenna, ending the Byzantine presence in Central Italy.
	www.trasademo.com /bigservingdev/bigserving/Lombards.htm (3297 words)

	A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation : L.3, C.3.
		The king contemporary with these three popes was Liutprand (712-744), the greatest of all the Lombard kings and, as events were to show, an excellent Catholic.
		The Lombards too joined with them, and it was their army that halted the exarch as he marched from Ravenna to execute the imperial will against St. Gregory.
		Liutprand, master of Bologna, and of Cesena, had Ravenna in his hands when Zachary besought him to spare it.
	www.franciscan-sfo.org /ap/hu/hb3-3.htm (2370 words)

	Pavia - LoveToKnow 1911
		The use of disks of majolica may be noted in the decoration of the exterior.
		It served as the burial place of the Lombard king Liutprand (711-744), whose bones were found there in 1896 (R. Majocchi in Nuovo bulletino d'archeologia cristiana, 1896, p.
		By the conquest of Pavia and the capture of Desiderius in 774 Charlemagne completely destroyed the Lombard supremacy; but the city continued to be the centre of the Carolingian power in Italy, and a royal residence was built in the neighbourhood (Corteolona on the Olona).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pavia (1705 words)

	Liutprand. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Under his rule the Lombard kingdom of Italy reached its zenith.
		Liutprand died after attempting to bring Ravenna, which was under Byzantine rule, into his domain.
		After the brief reigns of Liutprand’s nephew Hildeprand and of Ratchis, duke of Friuli, Liutprand’s brother Aistulf acceded (749) and took Ravenna in 751.
	www.bartleby.com /65/li/Liutpran.html (180 words)

	Gregory II, Pope Saint (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		The exarch was to help Liutprand, the Lombard king, to bring the almost independent Lombard Dukes of Benevento and Spoleto into complete subjection of his authority, and Liutprand was to assist him in bringing the pope to his knees.
		But the personal influence of Gregory over Liutprand was able to dissolve this unnatural alliance, and he repaid the exarch's treatment of him by furnishing him with troops to put down a rebellion against the imperial authority.
		For instance, it is certain that about the year 730 Ravenna fell for a brief space into the hands of the Lombards, and that by the exertions of the pope and the Venetians, it was recovered and continued to remain for a year or two longer a portion of the Byzantine empire.
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Gregory_II,_Pope_Saint_(Catholic_Encyclopedia) (1335 words)

	Eutychius - Wikipedia Light!
		His attempts to bribe them eventually gained results; the Lombard King Liutprand was promised assistance in subjecting the duchies of Benevento and Spoleto to his authority, in exchange for the king's help in removing the pope.
		Conflict with the Lombards resulted in disaster in 737, when the city of Ravenna was seized by Liutprand.
		Continuing on to the Lombard capital of Pavia, Zacharias convinced Liutprand to abort the expedition, and to restore some of the territory he had captured.
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php?title=Eutychius (361 words)

	Eutychius oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The last Lombard to rule as king of the Lombards was Desiderius, duke of Toscana, who managed to conquer in a definitive way Ravenna, ending the Byzantine presence in Central Italy.
		Heraclius and the military governors of Syria were slow to respond to the new threat, and Byzantine Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, and the Exarchate of Africa were permanently incorporated into the Muslim Empire in the 7th century, a process which was completed with the fall of Carthage to the Caliphate in 698.
		In 842 the former duchy was resurrected by the Franks to be held as a Frankish border territory by a dependent margrave.
	www.oddd.org /en/Eutychius (11482 words)

	Faenza
		The earliest mention of this city is in the report of the victory of Sulla (82 B.C.) over the consul Cneius Papirius Carbo, who was compelled to flee from Italy.
		In A.D. 728 it was seized by the Lombard king, Liutprand, who later restored it to the exarchate.
		But the same king again attacked it, while the people were assembled in the church of Santa Maria Foris Portam for the services of Holy Saturday; the bishop himself was among the slain.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/faenza.html (494 words)

	A History of the Church: Chapter 4
		Next he turned to the Lombard king who, with his vassal of Spoleto, was harrying the papal State as of old.
		They strove to reconcile the Lombards with the pope, to induce them to abandon their conquests -- but in vain; and in the early summer of 773, led by their new king, Charles, the Franks invaded the Lombard kingdom.
		The Lombard king was despatched to France, where he remained to the end of his life; the King of the Franks was, henceforth, King of the Lombards too.
	www.freivald.org /~jake/library/HistoryOfTheChurch-volume2_html/HistoryOfTheChurch-volume2_chapter4.html (14600 words)

	Lombards Encyclopedia Article @ 216.92.11.26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On the foreign affairs side, Authari managed to thwart the dangerous alliance between the Byzantines and the Franks.
		He successfully fought the rebel dukes of Northern Italy, conquering Padua (601), Cremona, and Mantua (603), and forcing the Exarch of Ravenna to pay a conspicuous tribute.
		In 839, Duke Sicard was murdered by Radelchis, who seized the dukeship.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Lombards (1810 words)

	EUROPEAN HISTORY 650 - 749
		Lombard duke Gisulf I of Benevento invaded Campania in 702 and the bishop of Rome spent enormous sums to ransom his prisoners and persuade him to withdraw.
		Liutprand the Lombard King and Eutychius united to march on Rome.
		The bishop of Rome agreed to crush Tiberius Petasius a rebellious aspirant to the throne.
	www3.telus.net /public/dgarneau/euro43.htm (2808 words)

	Papal States
		The Lombard rule was quite strong, mainly focused to face the Byzantine presence in Ravenna, with the country organized in quite independent areas under the control of a Duke, instead of a strong monolithic reign.
		The Lombard Dukedoms were mainly located in the northern part of the peninsula, with only the Duchy of Spoleto and the Duchy of Benevento in the south; the Southern dukedoms remained independent even after the constitution of a Lombard Kingdom in Italy under Authari in 584, prosecuted by his successor Agilulf, and ended in 774.
		In 772 the lection as Pope of Adrian I (772-795), allied of the Franks, pushed the Lombard king Desiderius to attack the Duchy of Rome.
	www.popes.it /papal_states.html (985 words)

	The Definitive Guide to Pavia XXXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After the Lombard conquest, Pavia became the capital of their kingdom; but after Charlemagne won the Battle of Pavia (773), the city became the capital of his Regnum Italicum, a vassal kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire, until the 12th century.
		It is located on the site of a pre-existing Lombard church, which the lower part of the campanile belongs to.
		It is similar to San Michele Maggiore, differentiating for the asymmetric faÃ§ade with a saingle portal, the use of brickwork instead of sandstone, and, in the interior, the absence of matronei and the shortest transept.
	www.xxxx.com /s/Pavia (907 words)

	Chronology of the New Peoples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lombards in Italy and Arabs in Africa retook most of his conquests.
		Charlemagne (ruled 768-814) conquered nearly all the Germanic lands, including Lombard Italy, and was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III in Rome in 800.
		590 A.D. The Lombard king Authari dies after a 6-year reign and is succeeded by Turin's Thuringian Duke Agilulf, who marries the widow of the late king Alboin's grandson, founds a Roman Catholic Lombard state, and will reign until 615.
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/new_people.html (9828 words)

	History of Southern Italy Part Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Gregory, however, went to Liutprand and confronted the king.
		As a result of the meeting Liutprand agreed to lift the siege and offered his weapons and armor at the tomb of St. Peter.
		from the Beneventine Lombards led by the Gastaldo Pandone and establish an emirate (to 871).
	www.researchitaly.us /pages/11/index.htm (3764 words)

	Charles Martel Encyclopedia Article @ 216.92.11.26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 736, he retook Montfrin and Avignon, and Arles and Aix-en-Provence with the help of Liutprand, King of the Lombards.
		In 739, Pope Gregory III begged Charles for his aid against Liutprand, but Charles was loathe to fight his onetime ally and ignored the Papal plea.
		The interregnum, the final four years of Charles' life, was more peaceful than most of it had been and much of his time was now spent on administrative and organisational plans to create a more efficient state.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Charles_Martel (5919 words)

	FRANKS, ROMANS, FEUDALISM, AND DOCTRINE Part 1
		The report of Liutprand, the Lombard bishop of Cremona, that no proof was necessary at the trial because the pope's alleged crimes were publicly known may be indicative of the need to reexamine such cases.
		In any case, Liutprand's tirade against the Romans, just quoted, reveals the fact that he knew very well that East and West Romans were one nation, and that the emperor in Constantinople was the real emperor of the Romans.
		Feudalism, the Inquisition, and Scholastic theology were clearly the work of the Franks, Germans, Lombards, Normans, and Goths, who took over the Church and her property, and used the religion of the Romans to keep the conquered Romans in a servile state.
	www.romanity.org /htm/rom.03.en.franks_romans_feudalism_and_doctrine.01 (8423 words)

	Pope Gregory III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This included appropriating papal territories, and transferring ecclesiastical jurisdictions to the Patriarch of Constantinople.
		Gregory's support of the empire led him to help contribute to the recapture of Ravenna after it had fallen to the Lombards in 733.
		However he also sought to fortify Rome and seek alliance with opponents of the Lombard monarch Liutprand and then from the Franks.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/pope_gregory_iii.html (281 words)

	J2302 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Lombards developed their coinage within three different contexts linked with their settlement pattern (north Italy, Tuscany, Benevento).
		Lombard coinage was initiated in Tuscany probably c.
		Under Cunincpert there is a notable return to the ‘Victory’ reverse, used also by his two successors, Aripert II (AD 700-712) and Liutprand (AD 712-744), but with a legend denoting the figure as St Michael.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/museum/23/p2302_7.html (591 words)

	Bologna - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After the fall of Rome, Bologna was a frontier stronghold of the Exarchate of Ravenna in the Pianura Padana, and was defended by a line of walls which however did not enclose most of the ancient ruined Roman city.
		In 728 the city was conquered by the Lombard king Liutprand, becoming part of the Lombard Kingdom.
		In the 11th century Bologna began to grow again as a free Commune, joining the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 1164.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Bologna (2198 words)

	[No title]
		Legend: the Lombards (also called Langobards) (originally called the Winnili tribe) migrated from Scandinavia to the European Continent under the brothers (2A) Ibor (Ebbe) and (2B) Agjo (Agyo), the two sons of (01) Gausus, who gave the Gungingi Dynasty its name.
		Letho (Lethu), Gothic Prince [Balthae Dynasty], reckoned 33rd King of the Lombards; founder of still another Lombardic dynasty, that is, the Lethinge Dynasty of Italy; identified with King Chlodio "Le Chevalu", King of Franks
		[note: if the Lombard Prince Pissa is identified with Cissa of Sussex then his daughter Alhilda would be the Sussex heiress through her mother Adela [or Menie], dau of Aella "The Saxon" of Sussex.
	www.angelfire.com /ego/et_deo/barbarians.wps.htm (4997 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - A History of Venice: Volume One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When Aquileia was razed by Attila in 452, however, the first major emigration of abiding residents from the mainland compelled the Twelve Towns to convene a general election at Grado, the seat of the local Patriarchate, and between them select tribunes to administer each individual community, sewing the first seeds of a greater unity.
		During the Conflict of the Images, between Emperor Leo and Pope Gregory II, a Papal appeal was made to the Lombard King, Liutprand, to dispossess the Imperial magistracy of Ravenna.
		He routed the Lombards at Ravenna and delivered the city and its environs to the Pope, who granted him the authority of a liege-lord.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=53063 (10150 words)

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