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Topic: Liver failure

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	Liver Disease
		The liver removes old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation, and is involved with the storage of iron and the breakdown of hemoglobin.
		In a normal liver the rate at which the fat from the bloodstream enters the liver and the rate at which the liver utilizes this fat is roughly equal.
		The liver might be hard to evaluate because a lack of abdominal fat, due to emaciation or a young animal.
	www.lbah.com /liversummary.htm (8255 words)

	Encyclopedia: Liver failure
		Other signs of liver disease such as jaundice, ascites, fetor hepaticus, and failure of coagulation indicate that the liver is having trouble performing its normal physiological duties, but it is not termed liver failure until the mental status changes appear.
		Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver in which liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue, resulting in the loss of liver function.
		Lactulose is a synthetic sugar used in the treatment of liver disease.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Liver-failure (367 words)

	Liver Failure Liver Damage High Liver Enzymes Drugs Medicine Induced Failure Heart and Lung Injury Heart Valve Failure
		If you are having kidney or liver failure, renal failure, high liver enzymes or diabetes, you may have taken a medication that has injured your body organs or caused the death of a loved one.
		Because liver failure also can occur rarely in people not exposed to drugs, it is often hard to know if early cases reported for a new drug were actually caused by the drug.
		Though no cases of liver failure, liver transplant, or death were reported in the 7,000 patients who took part in premarketing clinical trials for Trovan, the FDA began receiving reports of liver failure after Pfizer began marketing the drug in 1998.
	classactionlawsuit.org /liver_failure.html (1811 words)

	Liver: Transplant Surgery Program and Center for Liver Disease
		The diseased liver is replaced with a segment of liver from a healthy human donor (usually a relative or close friend).
		Liver Transplantation: Replacement of a diseased liver due to chronic liver failure, acute liver failure or tumors within the liver.
		Liver Surgery: Liver resections for tumors, removal of stones within the substance of the liver, repair of bile duct injuries within the liver, biopsy of the liver for tumors within the liver.
	www.livertransplant.org (391 words)

	Liver Disease & Failure \| Liver Transplants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus with a virtual encyclopedia of types including A, B, C, D, E, and G. Hepatitis A is the only type contracted through contaminated food and water and rarely causes liver failure.
		The rapid onset of liver failure is often due to necrosis.
		Advanced or end-stage liver failure almost always means that the patient has cirrhosis, which is a progressive degenerative condition that results in the build up of scar tissue.
	www.organtransplant.com /Liver/Disease_Failure2.shtml (325 words)

	Chronic Hepatitis C: Current Disease Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Liver biopsy usually shows some degree of chronic hepatitis, but the degree of injury is usually mild, and the overall prognosis may be good.
		Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common reasons for liver transplants in the United States.
		Liver biopsy is not necessary for diagnosis but is helpful for grading the severity of disease and staging the degree of fibrosis and permanent architectural damage.
	www.niddk.nih.gov /health/digest/pubs/chrnhepc/chrnhepc.htm (7280 words)

	Liver Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Liver transplantation has become an accepted treatment for patients with end-stage (advanced) liver disease of various types (e.g., chronic hepatitis B and C, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and sclerosing cholangitis).
		The reason to avoid needling the liver is that there is about a 1 to 4% risk of seeding (planting) cancer cells from the tumor by the needle into the liver along the needle track.
		The hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S. It accounts for about 20% of acute hepatitis cases, 60-70% of chronic hepatitis cases, and 30% of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer cases.
	www.janis7hepc.com /liver_cancer.htm (11189 words)

	Serzone - New York medical malpractice lawyers – liver failure, damage, defective product litigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If you have liver damage or liver failure from the use of Serzone, the maker or manufacturer of the drug may be liable for compensation to you.
		Liver injuries for Serzone usually occur within months of starting on the drug, but can occur after only a few weeks after beginning Serzone use.
		The rate of liver failure associated with Serzone use is many times greater than the rate of liver failure among non-Serzone users.
	www.belluckfox.com /serzone.html (600 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Alcohol-acetaminophen syndrome
		Liver biopsy is not necessary for diagnosis, but when tissue is available (eg, at autopsy), the classic centrilobular necrosis of acetaminophen injury is seen (2,5).
		The hospital course of patients who have acute liver failure (defined by the presence of encephalopathy and coagulopathy) is marked by the typical complications of shock, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding (4).
		The decision for liver transplantation in a patient with alcohol-acetaminophen syndrome is complicated by the underlying chronic alcohol use.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/01_00/draganov.htm (2807 words)

	Concerns about liver failure
		Liver failure mostly arises slowly, over many years, but its progression is usually unnoticed.
		Much of the treatment of liver failure is focused upon salvaging whatever liver function is left and avoiding overtaxing the liver.
		Dying from liver failure usually includes the fairly rapid onset of confusion and coma, and thus is a merciful end.
	www.mywhatever.com /cifwriter/library/mortals/mort2514.html (645 words)

	University of Chicago Hospitals: Herbal medication linked to liver failure
		Because the patient continued to worsen, with deepening jaundice, growing confusion and seizures, a host of infections--including pneumonia, which required intubation--plummeting blood pressure and eventual kidney failure, she was transferred to the University of Chicago Hospitals as a transplant candidate.
		The unusually severe liver damage in the patient in the JAMA report appears to have resulted from the combination of an acute liver injury on top of chronic liver damage.
		Studies performed on the damaged liver, which was removed for the transplant, confirmed this theory, with evidence of gradual injury and partial recovery over several months prior to a rapid and overwhelming exposure to higher levels of the toxin.
	www.uchospitals.edu /news/1995/19950208-herbal-liver-risk.html (931 words)

	Liver failure -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Liver failure is the final stage of (Large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy) liver disease.
		By definition, liver failure occurs when the liver is so diseased, and functioning so poorly, that (Any disorder or disease of the brain) encephalopathy is evident.
		Treatment involves correcting any underlying cause, if this is possible, else medications such as (Click link for more info and facts about lactulose) lactulose are given to relieve the symptoms.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/liver_failure.htm (111 words)

	LIVER AND BILIARY DISEASE
		As you'd expect, in the acute case, the liver swells (ouch!), ascites develops rapidly, and the patient usually dies of venous infarction of the liver unless surgery or thrombolysis are performed.
		In the acute disease, the liver swells and becomes tender, jaundice often appears (mild cases are "anicteric"), and (with influx of bile into the bloodstream) the patient starts to itch and to pass brown urine (why?) Serum transaminases go sky-high, and other lab evidence of liver disease may become apparent.
		Current thinking is that something first damages the liver (probably one of the viral hepatitis family, or some drug or poison, or whatever), and patients then get sensitized to their livers and start destroying them over the long haul.
	www.pathguy.com /lectures/liver.htm (12921 words)

	Defective Drug Information -Duract Liver Failure
		After reports of serious and deadly side effects of liver failure, Duract was recalled in 1998.
		At the time of the Duract recall the FDA had received reports of 8 patients requiring liver transplants because of Duract liver failure and 12 other patients had sustained serious cases of Duract liver damage.
		These liver failure reports were in addition to the four deaths occurring in Duract patients.
	www.adrugrecall.com /duract/failure.html (202 words)

	Liver Failure Caused by Serzone Results in Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cassie Geisenhof died on April 12, 2004 due to complications related to a liver transplant which was necessary following liver failure caused by the anti-depressant Serzone (nefazodone).
		Cassie was diagnosed with hepatitis and liver failure.
		Cassie was flown to the University of Minnesota Hospital, where it was determined that Cassie required a liver transplant because of the liver failure.
	www.lamblawoffice.com /Serzone-death.html (451 words)

	2002 FDA Science Forum Poster Abstract: Ahmad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reporting rates of liver failure were calculated based on the number of domestic cases reported to the FDA and the total number of prescriptions dispensed in the U.S. The reporting rates were compared with the background rate of liver failure which is 1 per million person years.
		The estimated reporting rate of liver failure associated with itraconazole based on 6 domestic cases was 55 and 36 per million person-years of exposure assuming 14 and 21 days of therapy respectively.
		Physicians should be aware of liver failure risk with these drugs and consider stopping therapy if there is any evidence of liver toxicity.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~frf/forum02/a037ab3.htm (272 words)

	Viagra may be helpful in understanding why liver failure sometimes leads to brain damage
		Scientiest still remain baffled at why liver failure sometimes leads to brain damage in patients.
		A study involving rats reveals the mechanism responsible for learning impairment due to liver failure and shows that sildenafil restores cognitive function.
		Liver disease sometimes causes hepatic encephalopathy, which involves brain damage, personality changes, and intellectual impairment due to hyperammonemia (high levels of ammonia in the blood).
	www.newstarget.com /003809.html (1067 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Liver Failure in Ch. 135, Clinical Manifestations of Liver Disease
		Liver failure is a severe deterioration in liver function.
		In chronic liver failure, the deterioration in health may be very gradual until a dramatic event, such as bleeding varices (large, tortuous veins), occurs.
		Liver transplantation (see Transplantation: Liver Transplantation), if performed soon enough, can restore a person to normal health, but it is suitable for only a small number of people with liver failure.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/print/sec10/ch135/ch135h.html (341 words)

	Alcoholic Liver Disease
		Liver cirrhosis resulting from alcohol abuse is one of the ten leading causes of death in the United States.
		In general, women who drink an equal amount of alcohol are at higher risk than men for the development of liver disease, possibly because of decreased metabolism of alcohol in the stomach prior to absorption.
		Cirrhosis is characterized anatomically by widespread nodules in the liver combined with fibrosis.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/gi/alcohol.html (1034 words)

	Liver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is hard to give a picture of what to expect without a real diagnosis (a small liver could be a number of things).
		The most common cause of a small liver in a young cat is a disease called "portosystemic shunt", in which the
		This effectively makes the liver unable to do its job, and in addition almost always leads to liver failure eventually.
	www.tica.org /vet/vet213.htm (197 words)

	Artificial and bioartificial support systems for liver failure (Cochrane Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Background: Artificial and bioartificial liver support systems may 'bridge' patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure to liver transplantation or recovery.
		Selection criteria: Randomised clinical trials on artificial or bioartificial support systems for acute or acute on-chronic liver failure were included irrespective of blinding, publication status, or language.
		In subgroup analyses, artificial support systems appeared to reduce mortality by 33% in acute-on-chronic liver failure (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51-0.90), but not in acute liver failure (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.71-1.29).
	www.cochrane.org /cochrane/revabstr/AB003628.htm (505 words)

	FDA/CFSAN Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated With Severe Liver Injury
		Although liver damage appears to be rare, FDA believes consumers should be informed of this potential risk.
		Symptoms of serious liver disease include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) and brown urine.
		FDA urges consumers and their health care professionals to report any cases of liver and other injuries that may be related to the use of kava-containing dietary supplements.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~dms/addskava.html (502 words)

	Serzone: Liver Failure: Legal Compensation: Lawyer/Attorney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Serzone has been responsible for cases of liver damage, liver failure and liver transplants worldwide, as well as some deaths.
		Citing Serzone side effects, potential interactions, and reports of liver damage and liver failure worldwide, the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen petitioned the FDA to remove Serzone (nefazodone) from the market on March 6, 2003.
		After receiving 26 reports of serious liver failure and some deaths attributed to Serzone, the Netherlands Medicine Assessments Board announced in November 2002 that it will investigate adverse reactions to Serzone.
	www.druginjurylaw.com /Serzone-information.html (603 words)

	The neurology of liver failure -- Lewis and Howdle 96 (9): 623 -- QJM
		The neurology of liver failure -- Lewis and Howdle 96 (9): 623 -- QJM
		Fulminant hepatic failure: the role of liver transplantation as primary therapy.
		Acute and subacute fulminant hepatic failure: the role of liver transplantation.
	qjmed.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/96/9/623 (5029 words)

	Acute Liver Failure in the United States -- 137 (12): 24 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		Acute Liver Failure in the United States -- 137 (12): 24 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		Acute liver failure is a potentially deadly condition that affects
		Less commonly, liver failure is acute, meaning that it occurs
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/137/12/I-24 (582 words)

	Diabetes Drug Rezulin, Troglitazone, Liver Disease, Liver Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1997, prior to its release in the U.S. market, Rezulin® (Troglitazone) was banned in England due to findings of severe liver toxicity in patients and in some cases complete liver failure.
		This "fast track" drug is estimated to have made over $1.8 billion in sales with a half a million prescriptions written in one year alone.
		Many people with liver damage will not know the extent of their damage until they have been tested.
	www.seriousinjury.com /rezulin.html (597 words)

	Fulminant liver failure due to severe veno-occlusive disease after haematopoietic cell transplantation: a depressing ...
		Fulminant liver failure due to severe veno-occlusive disease after haematopoietic cell transplantation: a depressing experience -- MacQuillan and Mutimer 97 (9): 581 -- QJM
		Fulminant liver failure due to severe veno-occlusive disease after haematopoietic cell transplantation: a depressing experience
		was confirmed by transjugular liver biopsy or post-mortem examination.
	qjmed.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/97/9/581 (214 words)

	The Straight Dope: Does Tylenol + alcohol = liver failure? Plus: Is the CN Tower the tallest building?
		Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure, even if we leave alcohol out of the picture.
		At the same time, starving yourself reduces the liver's output of glutathione, a natural detoxicant produced in response to food.
		The upshot is that heavy drinkers (two or more drinks per day) who don't eat can suffer worse liver damage from Tylenol than people who OD on purpose.
	www.straightdope.com /columns/000929.html (802 words)

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