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Topic: Liver fluke

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	Fluke (invertebrate) - ninemsn Encarta
		Muscular sucking discs at the rear of the body serve to attach the fluke to the host; in the species that are external parasites (ectoparasites), these suckers are often equipped with hooks.
		Flukes that are parasitic on the surface of other organisms have a simple development; species that are internal parasites (endoparasites) frequently undergo a complex development requiring two or more hosts to complete their life cycles.
		Flukes commonly known as blood flukes infest the blood vessels in humans, causing the widespread, serious disease schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or bilharziasis.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574007/Fluke_(invertebrate).html (477 words)

	Fluke (parasite) - MSN Encarta
		The word fluke is also applied to several species of flatfish and to the two horizontal lobes in which the tails of whales and dolphins terminate.
		The sheep-liver fluke is about 2.5 cm (about 1 in) in length and has a dark red pigment, much like the liver in which it lives.
		Flukes commonly known as blood flukes infest the blood vessels in humans, causing the widespread disease schistosomiasis, also known as bilharziasis.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574007/Fluke_(parasite).html (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Trematoda
		Tissue flukes, are species which infect the bile ducts, lungs, or other biological tissues.
		The other group are known as blood flukes, and inhabit the blood in some stages of their life cycle.
		Liver flukes are a polyphyletic group of a trematodes (a kind of flatworm).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Trematoda (0 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Differential Interference Contrast Image ...
		The Chinese, or Oriental, liver fluke is a parasitic flatworm that most often proliferates in Asian countries.
		Adult members of the species reside in the bile ducts of the liver, generally growing to lengths of approximately one inch.
		Humans and other animals become infested with the Chinese liver fluke by consuming raw or undercooked fish that are contaminated with the parasites.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/techniques/dic/dicgallery/chineseliverflukeeggssmall.html (294 words)

	Liver Flukes
		If larval flukes are ingested by “dead end” hosts such as moose or domestic cattle, they are unable to complete their development because they are walled off in scar tissue or encapsulated by tissues of the host.
		Liver damage is usually minor in definitive hosts but increases with age and number of flukes present.
		In aberrant hosts, flukes are not contained in a capsule and liver damage in the form of hemorrhage and dead tissue is extensive.
	www.unbc.ca /nlui/wildlife_diseases_bc/liver_flukes.htm (690 words)

	Fluke infections, Information about Fluke infections
		Fluke infections are diseases of the digestive tract and other organ systemscaused by parasitic flatworms (Trematodes) that involve hosts other than human beings.
		Diagnosis of fluke infections is based on the patient's history and identification of the fluke's eggs or adult forms.
		Fluke infections are treated with medicationssuch as triclabendazole, praziquantel, bithionol, albendazole, and mebendazole.
	www.faqs.org /health/topics/87/Fluke-infections.html (0 words)

	uk.merial.com : Livestock Farmers : Dairy : Fluke facts
		Livers affected with liver flukes are condemned at the abattoirs.
		Liver fluke infection in growing cattle has been shown to depress liveweight gain by between 0.07 kg/week and 1.2 kg/week, depending on the size of the fluke burden.
		Liver fluke disease (fasciolosis) is caused by the trematode parasite Fasciola hepatica.
	uk.merial.com /producers/dairy/fluke_facts.asp (0 words)

	Lab 3: Parasitism
		The Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is typical of the large number of flukes that cause parasitic disease in humans and domesticated animals.
		Flukes spend their adult lives in the gut of their primary hosts such as intestines, lungs, pancreatic ducts, and bile ducts of the liver.
		Flukes are specially equipped to attach firmly to their hosts, to feed copiously on their hosts' mucous and body fluids, and to produce enormous numbers of eggs, so our attention will be directed particularly to the adhesive organs, the digestive tract, and the reproductive tract.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_03symbiosis/pages/parasitism.html (1003 words)

	Fluke infections Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles
		Fluke infections are diseases of the digestive tract and other organ systems caused by several different species of parasitic flatworms (Trematodes) that have complex life cycles involving hosts other than human beings.
		Fascioliasis is caused by Fasciola hepatica, the sheep liver fluke.
		Diagnosis of fluke infections is based on a combination of the patient's history, particularly travel or residence in areas known to have flukes, and identification of the fluke's eggs or adult forms.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0005/ai_2601000551 (1103 words)

	Fasciola hepatica Summary
		Fascioliasis is caused by Fasciola hepatica, the sheep liver fluke.
		The Fasciola hepatica, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes that infects the hepatic bile ducts of sheep and cattle, sometimes also humans, causing fascioliasis.
		Liver fluke is diagnosed by yellow-white eggs in the faeces.
	www.bookrags.com /Fasciola_hepatica (979 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes that infects liver of a various mammals, including man. The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis (also known as fasciolosis).
		This immature stage in the liver tissue is the pathogenic stage, causing anaemia and clinical signs sometimes observed in infected animals.
		Liver fluke is diagnosed by yellow-white eggs in the faeces.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Fasciola_hepatica (0 words)

	Teagasc - Keep Liver Fluke at Bay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the liver the adult fluke lays its eggs, which pass through the bile ducts to the animal's intestine and thence to the exterior.
		The liver is fibrotic, the bile ducts are thickened, and in the case of cattle with heavy long-standing infections, calcification of the bile ducts occurs.
		Chronic fluke is more easily diagnosed, through the history, symptoms, faecal examinations for the fluke eggs, arranged at very low cost by your veterinarian and reports on livers from meat factories.
	www.teagasc.ie /publications/2002/liverfluke.htm (2255 words)

	LIVER FLUKES, UC Davis Veterinary Medicine Extension
		The flukes bore their way into the liver and over the next 6 weeks or more make their way to the interior of the liver and finally arrive in the bile ducts where they begin to lay eggs.
		Thus, flukes can cause losses in a number of ways: (1) direct damage to the liver, with weight loss and diarrhea, (2) death loss due to Redwater secondary to liver damage of migrating flukes, and (3) decreased reproductive performance.
		Maximum transmission of flukes occurs in spring and summer in warmer regions and late summer to fall in cooler regions.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /vetext/INF-BE_cca/INF-BE_cca00/INF-BE_cca0011.html (0 words)

	liver fluke - Encyclopedia.com
		Division, DARD THE incidence of liver fluke infection in Britain and Ireland...
		Liver flukes are a growing problem in cattle.
		Fluke attack lowers the capacity of the liver to fend off disease,'' he...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-liverflu.html (0 words)

	DNR - Deer Liver Fluke
		The flukes are rarely encountered in deer from the southern half of the Lower Peninsula.
		Liver flukes have been found in moose in the Upper Peninsula and in captive elk, but have not been reported in free-ranging elk.
		Where liver flukes are common in cattle-raising areas, they may present an economic burden to the farmer.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/1,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26639--,00.html (0 words)

	liverfluke
		Fortunately, fluke eggs are unable to escape from encysted adult liver flukes in cattle, bison or moose.
		Fluke infection can not be diagnosed by fecal exam in younger animals because it takes at least 7 months from the time an elk ingests a larvae to where adult flukes are shedding eggs.
		The goal is to destroy all liver fluke infection in each member of the herd prior to next spring, to prevent continued shedding of liver fluke eggs.
	www.usask.ca /wcvm/herdmed/specialstock/elk/diseases/liverfluke.html (1672 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Liver flukes are a polyphyletic group of trematodes (phylum Platyhelminthes).
		Adults of liver flukes are localized in the liver of various mammals, including humans.
		Clonorchis sinensis (the "Chinese liver fluke" or the "Oriental liver fluke")
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=liver_fluke (0 words)

	Fluke infections Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles
		In their adult stage, liver and lung flukes are symmetrical in shape, ranging between 1/4-1 inch in length, and look somewhat like long, plump leaves or blades of grass.
		Their life cycle is similar to that of liver flukes except that their encysted larvae infect crabs and crayfish rather than plants or fish.
		Because most types of fluke infections are rare in the United States, stool specimens or body fluid samples may need to be sent to a laboratory with experts in unusual diseases or conditions to identify the specific parasite.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0005/ai_2601000551?lstpn=article_results&lstpc=search&lstpr=external&lstprs=other&lstwid=1&lstwn=search_results&lstwp=body_middle (0 words)

	fluke. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Asian and African blood fluke disease, schistosomiasis, is caused by adults of the genus Schistosoma that burrow into the skin of humans and animals and lodge in the blood vessels.
		Liver rot, fatal to sheep and other herbivorous animals, is caused by a liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, whose larvae encyst in grasses after leaving the snail host.
		A species of fluke prevalent in lakes of the N central United States causes a rash called “swimmer’s itch.” The name fluke is also applied to species of flatfish.
	www.bartelby.com /65/fl/fluke.html (0 words)

	Fluke Infections Information on Healthline
		Fluke infections are contracted by eating uncooked fish, plants, or animals from fluke-infected waters.
		In humans, fluke infections can be classified according to those diseases caused by liver flukes and those caused by lung flukes.
		In their adult stage, liver and lung flukes are symmetrical in shape, ranging between 1/4–1 in in length, and look somewhat like long, plump leaves or blades of grass.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/fluke-infections (0 words)

	Opisthorchiasis from Imported Raw Fish \| CDC EID
		Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchiidae is a major public health problem in many parts of the Far East, Southeast Asia, and eastern Europe.
		While ample information is available on the biology and epidemiology of liver fluke infection in Southeast Asia (recently summarized in a special issue of Acta Tropica [6]), reports in the English language literature on the situation in the former Soviet Union are scarce (2).
		The diagnosis of liver fluke infection in this outbreak was confirmed by identifying ova in stool.
	www.cdc.gov /Ncidod/eid/vol10no12/04-0410.htm (0 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: SMZ1500 Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Sheep Liver Fluke
		Ironically, the sheep liver fluke resides in its host's bile ducts, not the liver.
		An adult liver fluke has an oval, flat body with a cephalic cone that contains the powerful oral suckers it uses to cling to and feeding off of the lining of bile ducts.
		Diagnosis is arrived at by examination of the feces for the presence of eggs.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/smz1500/fasciolahepaticasmall.html (0 words)

	Minnesota's Moose Mystery - Research Summary - Liver flukes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The liver fluke of deer, Fascioloides magna, is a parasitic flatworm.
		This migration can affect the liver in a variety of ways depending on the number of flukes, the condition of the moose, and the amount of time the flukes have parasitized the host.
		Flukes found in moose are never as large as those found in deer.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/agassiz/moosesite/fluke.html (787 words)

	Controlling Liver Flukes
		Liver Flukes or Fascioliasis is one of those diseases that affect ruminants such as llamas, cattle and sheep.
		If flukes are a problem in local cattle and sheep, and llamas inhabit similar swampy, poorly drained pastures, it is reasonable to assume that the llamas will have a fluke problem also.
		Thus liver flukes can cause losses in a number of ways: direct damage to the liver, with weight loss and diarrhea; death loss due to secondary infections precipitated by liver damage from migrating flukes; and decreased cattle reproductive performance.
	www.napallama.com /Parasites.htm (1209 words)

	DIAA Vet Pages - Worms
		In Australia liver fluke disease is caused by the liver parasite known as Fasciola hepatica.
		Acute fluke disease occurs 5 to 6 weeks after the ingestion of large numbers of metacercaria and is due to the sudden invasion of the liver by masses of young flukes.
		The principal effects are blockage of the bile ducts, destruction of liver tissue, fibrosis (scarring) of the liver and anaemia.
	www.diaa.org /worms.htm (0 words)

	MSU Veterinary Extension
		Nearly 100% of the livers from these calves which were raised in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan were condemned due to infestation with liver flukes.
		Since snails are needed as intermediate hosts during their development, liver flukes are most commonly found in areas with abundant moisture such as swampy or poorly drained pastures.
		In the small intestines, young liver flukes penetrate the gut wall and migrate to the liver.
	cvm.msu.edu /extension/docs/flukes.htm (0 words)

	liver fluke - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- parasitic worm: a parasitic worm that infests the liver of mammals, including humans.
		Fluke (parasite), common name for any member of a class of parasitic flatworms.
		The word fluke is also applied to several species of flatfish and to...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /liver_fluke.html (85 words)

	eMedicine - Trematode Infection : Article Excerpt by Subhash Chandra Parija
		The fluke is oblong, flat, transparent, and relatively small (10-25 mm in length, 3-5 mm in width).
		F buski, known as the giant intestinal fluke, is found in the duodenum and jejunum of pigs and humans and is the largest intestinal fluke to parasitize humans.
		Infection with blood flukes, lung flukes, liver flukes, and intestinal flukes in the United States is extremely rare.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/trematode-infection.htm (0 words)

	U of M Beef Center
		The financial bottom line is that liver flukes can be responsible for hidden economic losses in the beef cattle industry.
		A diagnosis of liver fluke infestation is usually identified during a post-mortem examination or as feedback from the packing plant.
		Prevention is one of the first priorities in reducing the impact of liver fluke.
	www.extension.umn.edu /beef/components/releases/08-17-05-Mcclanahan.htm (657 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: SMZ1500 Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Human Liver Fluke
		Commonly referred to as the Chinese liver fluke or Oriental liver fluke, this parasitic flatworm primarily targets humans as a definitive host, but a number of other animals are susceptible as well, including cats, dogs, pigs, rodents, foxes, badgers, and minks.
		Ironically, the human liver fluke does not reside in or upon its host's liver; rather, the parasite lives in the biliary (bile) ducts.
		Fluke eggs are introduced into water by means of feces from an infected host.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/smz1500/clonorchissinensissmall.html (0 words)

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