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	Liver transplantation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first human liver transplant was done in 1963 by Dr. Thomas Starzl of Denver, Colorado, United States, and by Sir Roy Calne of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
		Unfortunately, the supply of liver allografts from non-living donors is far short of the number of potential recipients, a reality that has spurred the development of living donor liver transplantation.
		Liver transplantation is unique in that the risk of chronic rejection also decreases over time,although recipients need to take immunosuppresive medication for the rest of their lives.It is theorized that the liver may play a yet-unknown role in the maturation of certain cells pertaining to the immune system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liver_transplantation (983 words)

	What I need to know about Liver Transplantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Also, liver problems often make the skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow, a condition called jaundice, and may cause swelling in the legs and the abdomen.
		Liver transplantation is surgery to remove a diseased liver and replace it with a healthy one.
		Often, a liver biopsy is needed to be sure that the transplanted liver is being rejected.
	digestive.niddk.nih.gov /ddiseases/pubs/livertransplant_ez/index.htm (2092 words)

	Liver Transplantation
		A liver transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased liver with a healthy liver from another person.
		A liver transplant is recommended for individuals who have serious liver dysfunction and will not be able to live without having the liver replaced.
		liver biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples from the liver are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_liver/livertrn.cfm (1609 words)

	Liver Transplantation
		Liver transplantation is the surgical replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy liver.
		The indication for this operation is end-stage liver disease, characterized by patients suffering from reduced liver function, muscle loss, fatigue, encephalopathy, signs of portal hypertension (see portal hypertension surgery), poor blood clotting and jaundice.
		Donor livers also can be obtained from a family member or a friend who donates a portion of his/her liver to the patient (see living-related donor).
	www.livertransplant.org /livertransplantation.html (356 words)

	:: Liver Transplant ::
		Orthopotic liver transplantation (OLT) is an accepted mode of treatment for end stage liver disease world over with five years survival rate approaching to nearly 85%.
		Developing of live donor liver transplant program is set to address at least the issue regarding the organ availability, which may in turn result in an exponential growth in OLT in India.
		A liver transplant can be performed at the cost of around Rs.20 lakhs, although this is beyond the reach of the majority of Indians, it might well be the only hope for some patients.
	www.liverindia.com /transplant.htm (590 words)

	Liver Transplantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Liver transplantation is surgery to remove a diseased liver and replace it with a healthy liver from an organ donor.
		The most common reason for liver transplantation in adults is cirrhosis, a disease in which healthy liver cells are killed and replaced with scar tissue.
		The most common reason for transplantation in children is biliary atresia, a disease in which the ducts that carry bile out of the liver are missing or damaged.
	digestive.niddk.nih.gov /ddiseases/pubs/livertransplant (409 words)

	eMedicine - Liver Transplantation : Article by Cosme Manzarbeitia, MD
		Secondary liver malignancies are not indications for hepatic replacement because of the universal recurrence of the tumors under immunosuppression.
		The new liver allocation system implemented by the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network in February 2002 is based primarily on the severity of liver disease as assessed by the MELD and Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) survival models for all patients with chronic liver disease.
		Recipients of solid liver transplants, as all transplant recipients, are at particular risk for increased incidence of some malignant neoplasms after transplantation as a consequence of the effects of immunosuppressive drug therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3510.htm (14114 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Hepatic Disorders Symposium: Liver transplantation
		Fortunately, liver transplantation has developed remarkably over the past two decades, and in 1983, the NIH consensus conference concluded that it is a "therapeutic modality for end-stage liver disease that deserves broader applications (1,2)." The primary problem, of course, is the lack of available donor organs.
		Early referral for liver transplantation should be considered in all patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis because of the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.
		Liver transplantation for hepatitis C: the promise and the challenge.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1997/12_97/luxon.htm (2723 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		A liver transplant is recommended for children who have serious liver dysfunction and will not be able to live without having the liver replaced.
		liver biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the liver for examination under a microscope.
		The transplant team will consider all information from interviews, your child's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests in determining whether your child can be a candidate for liver transplantation.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?page=P03071 (2340 words)

	Liver Transplantation
		The average success rate of a liver transplant at one and five years is 92 percent and 88 percent respectively.
		Once a Transplant Center determines that you are an appropriate candidate for transplantation, a suitable donor becomes available, and you have successfully completed the surgery, you have a good chance to lead a normal, healthy, active, life.
		Bile Duct Leaks: The bile ducts from the new liver are sewn to a bile duct of the recipient or a piece of intestine.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/gi/transplant.html (2278 words)

	Liver Transplantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Liver transplantation is the surgical replacement of a diseased liver by all or part of a donated liver.
		Liver transplantation is used to treat persons at high risk of dying from liver diseases, most of whom have cirrhosis of the liver.
		Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.
	www.hepatitis.va.gov /vahep?page=tp03-03-04-01 (1628 words)

	Frankford Hospitals - Liver Transplantation
		When a new liver is transplanted into a recipient's body, the immune system reacts to what it perceives as a threat and attacks the new organ, not realizing that the transplanted liver is beneficial.
		Depending on several factors, including the type of transplant being performed (whole liver versus a portion of liver), different surgical techniques may be used to remove the diseased liver and implant the donor liver or portion of the liver.
		To allow the transplanted liver to survive in a new body, you will be given medications for the rest of your life to fight rejection.
	www.frankfordhospitals.org /healthinfo/t_and_p/gastro/TP059.html (2458 words)

	Liver Transplantation
		Liver transplantation was first introduced as a clinical procedure in the 1960's and is now recognized as a state-of-the-art therapy for patients with end stage liver disease.
		The Charles O. Strickler Transplant Center serves the citizens of Virginia as well as many out-of-state pateints who have been referred for particularly challenging cases, and serves as an international referral center for liver transplants.
		Our research efforts into viral hepatitis are world-renowned and have impacted how other transplant centers around the world manage their patients, particularly those with hepatitis B. Innovative use of passive immunization for hepatitis B has resulted in an improved outcome in patients with hepatitis B induced end-stage liver disease.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/transplant/liver/liver.cfm (632 words)

	Liver Transplantation - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		A liver transplant is an operation performed to replace a diseased liver with a healthy one from another person.
		The liver may come from an organ donor or from a family member who is willing to donate a part of his or her liver and is a suitable candidate to donate.
		Liver biopsy - A sample of liver tissue is obtained with a special biopsy needle and examined under a microscope.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-8653 (2091 words)

	Liver Transplantation
		Liver transplantation is performed as a treatment of last resort for individuals with end-stage liver disease.
		Liver transplantation, using a cadaver or living donor for the treatment of end-stage liver failure is considered medically necessary if the medical appropriateness criteria are met.
		Liver transplantation (cadaveric or living donor) is considered medically appropriate when medical therapy has been optimal and no surgical procedure other than transplantation offers a realistic expectation of functional improvement and extension of life, in the presence of end-stage liver failure due to an irreversibly damaged liver for one or more of the following conditions:
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Liver_Transplantation__47135.htm (1567 words)

	eMedicine - Split Liver Transplantation : Article by David Axelrod, MD, MBA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In 1984, the introduction of reduced-liver transplant in which a portion of the adult liver was given to infants and children dramatically reduced this mortality rate.
		Advantages of living-donor liver transplantation include the selection of an ideal donor, the ability to schedule the case electively, the maximal time to prepare the recipient, and the relatively short cold ischemia time.
		Given the preponderance of childhood transplantation for biliary atresia, a considerable number children undergoing transplantation are younger than 2 years and, therefore, excellent candidates for a left lateral segment graft from a split liver.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2904.htm (4969 words)

	Liver Transplantation: The Evaluation Process
		Liver Angiogram images the liver and its anatomy using intravenous dyes.
		Liver Biopsy requires taking a sample of liver tissue to help diagnose the type of liver disease you have, and to evaluate the extent of the damage it has caused.
		At any time in the transplant process, candidates may be tested at random for the use of alcohol and illicit drugs.
	www.livermd.org /tx_evaluation.html (621 words)

	Liver Transplant Surgery
		Ongoing studies by the transplant team include early medical treatment with both innovative and investigational drugs for patients whose livers-native or transplanted-have failed.
		Timing is a key element in the survival of liver transplant patients and it is important that patients be referred to the transplant program for evaluation as early as possible to minimize the risk of the liver disease progressing sufficiently to compromise a patient's chance for a successful outcome.
		The consortium cooperates on matters of organ transplantation including protocols, patient selection and scientific study, and has a mandate from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to function under a set of guidelines for choosing liver recipients.
	www.nemc.org /surgery/html/trnsplnt/tpliver.htm (1012 words)

	Cancer Types - Liver Transplantation
		According to UNOS, in 1998 and 1999, between 17 to 23 percent of all patients (adults and children) on the waiting list received a cadaveric transplant.
		Between 6 and 7 percent of all the people on the waiting list died before a transplant could be found.
		About 5 percent were taken off the list for various reasons.
	www.montefiore.org /healthlibrary/centers/cancer/livrtran (1651 words)

	Recent Developments in Transplantation Medicine - Liver Transplantation
		You can also view the slide set associated with this module, and download some or all of the slides for your own use.
		The Role of Vascular and Internventional Radioligy in the Liver Transplant Patient
		Prioritization and Distribution of Organs for Liver Transplantation
	www.centerspan.org /pubs/liver (145 words)

	International Liver Transplantation Society
		Since the first application of liver transplantation in a clinical situation was reported more than twenty years ago, there has been a great deal of growth in this field and more is anticipated.
		As an official publication of the AASLD and the ILTS, Liver Transplantation delivers current, peer-reviewed articles on surgical techniques, clinical investigations and drug research -- the information necessary to keep abreast of this evolving specialty.
		There are several notifications about Liver Transplantation that can be received via email.
	www.ilts.org /journal.cfm (120 words)

	MedlinePlus: Liver Transplantation
		During the Transplant: Liver (United Network for Organ Sharing)
		Select services and providers for Liver Transplantation in your area.
		The primary NIH organization for research on Liver Transplantation is the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/livertransplantation.html (298 words)

	International Liver Transplantation Society
		The ILTS hopes that this page will provide a venue for formal and informal discussions and information exchanges relevant to liver transplantation among ILTS members and other interested parties.
		There are several sections of this website designed to specifically for the members of ILTS to help them learn more about liver transplantation and to interact with other ILTS Members.
		Please access this section and make sure all of your information is up to date.
	www.ilts.org (128 words)

	Liver Transplantation - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
		Liver Transplantation - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
		Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Liver Diseases (General), Organ Transplantation, Digestive System, Procedures and Therapies
		The NIH funds research studies about Liver Transplantation that you may be able to join.
	health.nih.gov /result.asp/407 (84 words)

	The Liver Cancer Network Treatment: Liver Transplantation
		This aggressive treatment will not cure patients as the majority will have early recurrence of the tumor.
		However, liver transplantation has been shown to be effective treatment in patients with small hepatocellular cancers and other rare tumors (i.e., epitheloid hemangioendothioloma, neuroendocrine carcinoma).
		If you would like to learn more about our approach to liver cancer,
	www.livercancer.com /treatments/transplant.html (84 words)

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