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	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Livestock branding is any technique for marking livestock so as to identify the owner.
		Originally, livestock branding only referred to the practice of burning a mark on livestock using a hot iron, though the term is now also used to refer to other alternative techniques such as freeze branding, ear tagging, and RFID tagging.
		Originally the word brand meant anything hot or burning, such as a fire-brand, a burning stick; by the European Middle Ages it commonly identified the process of burning a mark into a stock animal with a thick hide, such as a cow, so as to identify ownership under animus revertendi.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Livestock_branding (606 words)

	KANSAS BRAND LAWS
		Livestock may be branded in any way, or on any part of the animal, according to rules and regulations adopted by the commissioner, but livestock shall be branded so that they may be readily distinguished should they become intermixed with other herds.
		Livestock brands for identification of cattle to control diseases may be placed on the head or tailhead of the cattle.
		There is hereby created a livestock brand emergency revolving fund for the use of the state livestock commissioner for the purpose of paying expenses and costs of establishing the ownership of livestock which are mingled as a result of sudden or extreme storm conditions or other unforeseen occurrences.
	asci.uvm.edu /equine/law/brands/ks_brand.htm (3791 words)

	Crosshill Ranch
		Brands are used to identify horses and cattle in Farm Management and as Theft Deterrents.
		Freeze Branding can be done on horses of any age, however when done on a colt who is still growing, the brand should be smaller as it will grow with the colt as he matures.
		The purpose of a brand is to have an identifying mark, which serves as proof of ownership in the event of theft or loss.
	www.crosshillranch.com /freezebranding (745 words)

	South Dakota State Brand Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A good brand is one that is simple in design and easily applied to the animal leaving a clear, legible brand.
		When branding livestock, be sure the brand is positioned correctly and placed on the proper location on the animal.
		Keep the branding irons free of scale, burnt hair, etc. by cleaning with a steel brush, dipping into a pail of sand or a bucket of oil during use.
	www.sdbrandboard.com /brandtips.asp (824 words)

	NEBRASKA BRAND LAWS
		Brand clearance means the documentary evidence of ownership that is issued and signed by a brand inspector and given to persons who have legally purchased cattle at a livestock auction or sale where a brand inspection service is provided.
		Freeze brand means a mark or brand that is created on a live animal in a depigmentation technique, whereby the pigment-producing cells in the skin of an animal are destroyed by the application of intense cold to the skin area.
		A brand is a mark consisting of symbols, characters, numerals, or a combination of such intended as a visual means of identification when applied to the hide of an animal or another method of livestock identification approved by rule and regulation of the brand committee, including an electronic device used for livestock identification.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /dawson/brands/ne_brand.htm (7027 words)

	Livestock branding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the American West, a branding iron consisted of an iron rod with a seal-like mark which ranchers heated in a fire.
		The Branding Iron is the school newspaper of the University of Wyoming.
		Most brands in the United States are capital letters, numerals, other characters (such as slash, circle, half circle, cross, and bar), and combinations thereof.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Livestock_branding (625 words)

	Legislative Committee Convenes To Study Livestock Branding
		Wynn said the Cattlemen's Association is the state brand registrar under contract with the Department of Agriculture.
		When someone registers a brand, the Cattlemen's Association is able to assist with tracing stolen cattle or otherwise identifying livestock, according to Wynn.
		But a rancher legally needs no livestock brand in Oklahoma, she said.
	www.lsb.state.ok.us /house/news2049.htm (376 words)

	NEW MEXICO BRAND LAWS
		It is lawful for the purpose of identification during the pendency of a mortgage or lien to brand the increase of the branded livestock in the recorded brand designated in the mortgage or lien.
		The brand shall be applied with a hot iron on each animal except registered livestock that are properly identified by a legible tattoo and whose owner has been issued a certificate of brand exemption for his herd by the board.
		The board shall cause the brands and ear marks upon livestock shipped or driven from a district or out of this state to be inspected and a true and correct record of the result of such inspections to be kept in the office of the director for three years.
	utopia.utexas.edu /explore/equine/brands/nm_brand.htm (5898 words)

	The Herald : LaFemme : branding.htm
		ELSEBIE Brand is making a mark for women — literally — for this 40-year-old accountant is as good at branding cattle as she is at balancing books.
		Farmers are allowed to brand their own stock but new legislation stipulates that anyone branding for an income, or for someone else, must first obtain the necessary training and accreditation with the department.
		Branding is not for the faint-hearted: an electric immobilising device is attached to stabilise the animal and relax its muscles while it is being branded.
	www.theherald.co.za /femme/2004/10/06/branding.htm (740 words)

	State of Utah Department of Agriculture and Food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the process of Freeze Branding, super-chilled irons are applied to the hide of an animal, altering the pigment-producing cells of the hair.
		In light-colored animals, the branding iron can be applied for a longer amount of time to destroy hair growth altogether, producing a mark similar to one made with a hot iron.
		Branding times should be shortened during periods of rapid hair growth, such as spring and fall (more so in spring than fall).
	www.ag.state.ut.us /animind/br_freeze.html (1351 words)

	Livestock branding - Definition, explanation
		Originally the word brand meant anything hot or burning, such as a fire-brand, a burning stick; by the European Middle Ages it commonly identified the process of burning a mark into a stock animal with a thick hide, such as a cow, so as to identify ownership.
		Bevo, the Texas longhorn mascot of the University of Texas at Austin, reportedly was branded in large characters with the score ("13-0") of the 1915 football game (which Texas A&M; was victorious in).
		Livestock brands for horses and cattle in the west
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/li/livestock_branding.php (580 words)

	Corriente Cattle and Cattle Branding at Grand Canyon West Ranch
		Cattle branding scenes can be seen on Egyptian Tomb walls dating back as far as 2000 B.C. Until modern times, to prevent theft, livestock being driven across country were required to be “road branded.” The brands were painted on with pine tar or paint in early history.
		Brands in the Old American West are more than means of identifying cattle and brands have been called “the heraldry of the range.” Burned into a cow’s hide, a brand identifies the animal’s owner — a necessary task in open range where several different “outfits” may run their cattle together.
		Brands are used in many places — on vehicles, table china, pressed into the damp cement of the ranch house porch, and as sculptural embellishments to gates, and the like.
	www.grandcanyonranch.com /corriente_cattle.htm (642 words)

	Buckaroos: Views of a Western Way of Life
		A brand is the special mark or identifying design owned by a rancher and used in registering and identifying his cattle and horses.
		Cattle branding is done mainly at two times of the year, in the spring after calving and in the fall after the roundup and driving the herd back to the home ranch for winter.
		Good brands are also simple enough to discourage thieves and rustlers from being tempted to change the mark with "running irons." Running irons are kept by ranchers and used to mark strays when necessary, or to put a neighbor's brand on his strays that drift into the wrong herd.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/ncrhtml/crview08.html (1675 words)

	South Carolina Livestock Laws
		Any person desiring to adopt any brand for branding livestock, which brand is not then the recorded brand of another, shall forward to the Secretary of State a facsimile of the desired brand together with a written application to adopt the brand.
		In any criminal or civil action in which title to livestock is involved or proper to be proved, the certificate provided for in s 47-9-270 shall, when recorded as provided for in s 47-9-280, be prima facie evidence of ownership of any livestock bearing the brand shown on the face of the certificate.
		Any brand which has been abandoned may be allowed to other applicants after the lapse of six months from the expiration of registration; but the Secretary of State may allow any abandoned brand to the former owner at any time before the brand is allowed to another.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /dawson/fence/sc_fnc.htm (2048 words)

	Livestock branding
		Livestock branding, in modern usage, refers to any techniques for marking livestock so as to identify the owner.
		Originally, livestock branding only referred to the practice of burning a mark on livestock using a hot iron, though the term is now also used to refer to other alternative techniques such as freeze branding and RFID tagging.
		The Branding Iron is the school newspaper of the University of Wyoming.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DLivestock_branding (658 words)

	Livestock Brand Information - Washington State Dept. of Agriculture - WSDA
		Under RCW 16.57.090, a livestock brand is the personal property of the owner(s) on record.
		To obtain a copy of the current Livestock Brand Book or a updated supplement, contact your local brand inspector, the brand Registrar, or download and complete the order form AGR 7053.
		Heritage brands are not intended to be used on livestock.
	agr.wa.gov /FoodAnimal/Livestock/BrandInfo.htm (562 words)

	Livestock Branding
		Branding has been the standard method of marking livestock in America since the arrival of the Spaniards in the 1500's.
		The laws usually define the type of branding that is allowed, what information has to be recorded, the method for registering a brand and the location on the animal where the brand must be placed.
		Brands are registered to provide a system that eliminates the likelihood that two or more similar looking brands will exist in the same area.
	www.ranchirons.com /livestock_branding.htm (315 words)

	Livestock ™ / ® on Flickr - Photo Sharing! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hot iron or freeze brands permanently mark into the hide/hair of the animal Numerals, Letters, or Characters to identify the original breeder or the new owner - to prevent theft, to allow sorting of livestock that are community grazed and to reunite lost animals with their actual owner.
		With a freeze brand, the copper brand is placed in liquid Nitrogen and then applied to the skin of the animal for 45 to 90 seconds.
		With the hot iron brand, the stainless steel or iron brands are heated in hot coals and then applied to the skin for 5 to 10 seconds leaving a permanent scar.
	www.flickr.com /photos/47621345@N00/316902730 (654 words)

	Oregon Brand Laws - Cattle & Livestock
		The holder of a recorded brand may renew the brand by submitting to the department a brand renewal fee for each brand on each species of livestock on which the brand is to be used.
		If the person fails to activate the expired brand within one year after expiration of the brand, the brand is considered abandoned and any person may apply for recordation and use of that brand.
		Evidence of ownership or right to possession of livestock by Oregon brands thereon is inadmissible unless the brands are recorded, and a disputable presumption of ownership arising from possession, common reputation or the exercise of an act of ownership shall prevail.
	www.ranchirons.com /brand_laws_oregon.htm (3232 words)

	Livestock Branding
		Brands must be recorded as required by Missouri’s Marks and Brands of Animal Law to prove ownership and be considered legal evidence in a court of law.
		It also is illegal to use any brand for branding horses, cattle sheep, mules or asses unless the brand has been recorded with the Department of Agriculture.
		Brands used for identification within the herd are not considered proof of ownership.
	www.mda.mo.gov /Animals/b2f.htm (384 words)

	Livestock brands for horses and cattle in the west (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Choose a brand that is distinctive and readily recognized.
		The brand department is usually under the jurisdiction of the state's department of agriculture.
		Texas brands are recorded with the county clerk of the county in which the animals are located.
	www.cowboyshowcase.com /brands.htm (2225 words)

	ODA Animal Health and Identification Division Livestock identification
		For this purpose "livestock" means cattle, all equidae (horses, mules donkeys, asses, etc.), sheep, goats, and swine but does not include pot bellied pigs or feral swine.
		When a brand owner dies, Oregon law requires that an official Transfer of Ownership must be completed within six months of the date of death.
		To maintain continuous ownership of your brand, notify this office and file the Transfer of Ownership as soon as possible after the death of a brand owner.
	www.oregon.gov /ODA/AHID/livestock_id/main.shtml (723 words)

	Owning and selling livestock - Pig branding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A pig brand is registered for use only in a specified pig district and initially at a property indicated by the applicant.
		Where a pig branded with a registered pig brand is resold within seven days it does not have to be rebranded.
		A pig brand shall be imprinted on each side of a pig by way of tattoo with an approved branding instrument.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /health/3841.html (309 words)

	Owning and selling livestock - Branding and earmarking livestock in Queensland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Brands and earmarks are used to prove ownership of livestock.
		Owners must ensure that branding irons must be made exactly in accordance with the shape shown on the certificate of registration, and that any paint or pastes used (in the case of pigs, sheep and goats) are of an approved type.
		a sheep brand or earmark shall not be transferred unless the sheep brand, symbol or earmark is to be used in the district for which the sheep brand or earmark was originally registered.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /health/3836.html (1426 words)

	Livestock Identification Services Ltd. \| About LIS \| History of LIS and Branding
		The first law that required the branding of livestock was passed at the second session of the North West Territories government on August 1, 1878.
		Livestock are often offered for sale, or harbored knowingly or unknowingly, by someone other than the rightful owner.
		If your brand is registered with the Brand Recorder and appears on livestock, the brand is evidence of ownership.
	www.lis-alberta.com /about_lis/index.html (230 words)

	Standard Livestock Brands
		All our branding tips are formed using 1" high stainless steel bar and are available in various sizes (2"-6") and thicknesses (1/8", 3/16", 1/4").
		The branding tips are also notched at connecting points to prevent blotching and are welded to a 36" handle in a manner which provides maximum stability and allows for venting.
		Smaller-sized branding irons with shorter handles, used to sear grilled steaks and hamburgers, or brand wood and leather, with a personalized touch.
	www.wtmstore.com /standard_brands.html (247 words)

	Branding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look up branding in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
		Livestock branding, the marking of animals to indicate ownership.
		Vehicle title branding, a permanent designation indicating that a vehicle has been "written off"
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Branding (94 words)

	Livestock Brands: The Mark of Ownership
		Don Francisco Vasquez de Coronado brought several hundred branded cows with him in 1514 when he explored the region that is now the Southwestern U.S. In lands under Spanish rule, branding was especially important to the people after 1776, when the Spanish government proclaimed that all unbranded cattle would be considered property of the Crown.
		Brands show ownership, and, because they are burned or frozen into the animal's hide, are difficult to change.
		Most states have branding laws that dictate regulations on registering brands, where the brands can be placed on the animals, and how the brands should be verified when the animals are moved or sold.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/american_agriculture/23534 (425 words)

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