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	Living-donor Liver Transplantation, Liver Transplantation, UPMC \| University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, ...
		At first, people who received living donor livers were almost always children; that was because children don't need as large a liver as adults, and it allowed the surgeons to use the smaller (left) part of the donor's liver.
		The donor must be able to tolerate the surgery and be healthy after the operation, when he or she has had a portion of the liver removed.
		This professional talks with the potential donor to ensure that he or she is able to handle the physical and emotional changes associated with living donation.
	livertransplant.upmc.com /LivingLiverDonor.htm (1860 words)

	Liver -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The liver is an (A fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function) organ in (Animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium) vertebrates including humans.
		The liver converts (A pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3)) ammonia to (The chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics) urea.
		Living donor liver transplantation is a technique in which a portion of a living person's liver is removed and used to replace the entire liver of the recipient.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/liver.htm (1860 words)

	Living donor liver transplantation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has emerged in recent decades as a critical surgical option for patients with end stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma often attributable to one or more of the following: long-term alcohol abuse, long-term untreated Hepatitis C infection, long-term untreated Hepatitis B infection.
		The concept of LDLT is based on (1) the remarkable regenerative capacities of the human liver and (2) the widespread shortage of cadaveric livers for patients awaiting transplant.
		Historically, LDLT began as a means for parents of children with severe liver disease to donate a portion of their healthy liver to replace their child's entire damaged liver.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Living_donor_liver_transplantation (215 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation
		In liver transplantation, the use of living donors was originally not considered appropriate, largely because of the technical difficulty of the surgery and the serious risks (including death) to the voluntary organ donor.
		Transplantation of the left lobe of a living adult to a child is now routinely accomplished with minimal risk to the donor.
		Living donor liver transplantation of adults was initiated in the United States after the development of the procedure for children and in response to the shortage of cadaveric organs.
	www.harthosp.org /transplant/living_donor.asp (478 words)

	Transplants
		Living donors must be over the age of 18 and under the age of 60.
		In the last two years, though, living liver transplants, which were embraced enthusiastically by some surgeons in the late '90s, have fallen off dramatically after the well-publicized death of a donor in New York in 2002 and changes in the allocation system for deceased donor livers.
		Liver donors have told her the recovery was more painful than expected and kidney donors were surprised by how a transplant changes relationships.
	janis7hepc.com /transplants3.htm (3913 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation
		Potential liver donors are carefully evaluated to select those individuals who can safely donate a portion of their liver which will function immediately.
		Depending on which part of the donor's liver is removed, the incision is either straight up and down, or in the shape of an inverted "T." Typically, the gallbladder is removed.
		The donor's liver is carefully split into two segments and one portion is removed for the recipient.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/liverMD/tx_donor.html (1002 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Liver transplantation is the accepted treatment for most acute and chronic liver diseases resulting in liver failure; however, the scarcity of cadaveric donors has become an insurmountable problem limiting the application of liver transplantation (1).
		In adult LDLT the right lobe (rarely the left lobe) is expected to provide enough liver mass to sustain the life of the recipient, and the donor is left with enough liver mass to recover from the donor operation.
		Other advantages of LDLT are the scheduling of an elective liver transplantation, allowing time to optimize the medical condition of the recipient, and use a better quality organ coming from a healthy donor with a smaller chance of potential injury based on the shorter time in preservation solution.
	www.hcvadvocate.org /hcsp/articles/Keeffe-2.html (1602 words)

	Transplantation Institute - Mount Sinai School of Medicine
		In living donor liver transplantation, a piece of liver is surgically removed from a living person and transplanted into a recipient, immediately after the recipient’s diseased liver has been entirely removed.
		Living donor liver transplantation is possible because the liver — unlike any other organ in the body — has the ability to regenerate, or grow.
		Because living donor liver transplantation is still relatively new, however, it is best that you discuss this with your benefits department before you decide to proceed.
	www.mssm.edu /rmti/liverdonor.shtml (6159 words)

	eMJA: House et al, Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment, but must be timely as delays result in sicker patients and higher mortality rates.
		Adult living donor liver transplantation is likely to be extended to waiting list patients when death while waiting increases to the proportions reported from Europe and North America and after procedures are in place for recipient and potential donor to be fully informed at transplant listing.
		Orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/175_04_200801/house/house.html (2533 words)

	ipedia.com: Liver Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The liver is supplied by two major blood vessels: the hepatic artery and the portal vein.
		In the growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein which supplies nutrients to the growing fetus.
		Liver transplantation is an option for those with irreversible liver failure.
	www.ipedia.com /liver.html (1403 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation \| Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In liver transplantation, the use of living donors was originally not considered appropriate, largely because of the technical difficulty of the surgery with its attendant morbidity and potential mortality.
		Transplantation of the left lobe of a living adult to a child is now routinely accomplished with minimal morbidity to the donor.
		Living donor liver transplantation of adults was initiated in the United States after the development of the procedure for children and in response to the shortage of cadaveric organs.
	www.niddk.nih.gov /fund/reports/livertrans/info.html (412 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation for End-stage Hepatitis C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Living donor liver transplantation is important for patients with end-stage viral hepatitis because of the shortage of organs from deceased donors.
		However, preliminary results indicate that living liver donation might be disadvantageous for hepatitis C virus-positive patients.
		Twenty-seven patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus cirrhosis preemptively received antiviral therapy using interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin, which was started an average of 32 days after the operation and continued for at least 6 months thereafter.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /hep_c/news/2004/072604_a.html (183 words)

	Living-donor liver transplantation (interventional procedures consultation)
		Living-donor liver transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with part of a healthy liver from a donor (usually a relative or spouse).
		Liver transplantation is a treatment option for patients with end-stage liver failure and may also be indicated in patients with some types of primary liver cancer.
		Living donation is an alternative to cadaveric organ donation and is an option for patients for whom cadaveric transplantation is unavailable or whose clinical condition is deteriorating to the point of transplant ineligibility while waiting for a cadaveric donor.
	www.nice.org.uk /page.aspx?o=ip253consultation (1395 words)

	eMedCenter - Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Washington University transplant surgeons have been innovators of newer surgical techniques, including living-related segmental transplants and split-liver transplants that enable reduction hepatectomy of adult liver donor organs to be placed in even very small infants.
		Expertise in transplant candidate selection and management of the patient's illness during the wait for organs are additional factors in the transplant program's success.
		In an adult-to-adult living donor liver transplant, surgeons take the right portion of the donor's liver (about 60 percent of the total liver volume) and transplant it into the recipient, after their diseased liver is removed.
	emedcenter.org /pages?NavID=253 (696 words)

	Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL)
		For adults, transplantation of a left lobe of the liver (~20% to 30% of the liver mass) is usually inadequate to support life, particularly in patients with end-stage liver disease.
		Transplantation of the right lobe (~50% to 60% of the liver mass) can be successful in adults, but the donor operation is more extensive and accordingly more life threatening.
		Major emphasis will also be placed on evaluation and follow-up of liver donors including careful analyses of the adequacy of informed consent, short- and long-term complications of the donor surgery, and long-term follow-up of donors assessing general health, quality of life, and personal and psychological effects of liver donation.
	www.natap.org /2003/oct/100603_1.htm (709 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation - Stanford Hospital & Clinics - Stanford University Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Transplantation of a solid organ from a living donor was initially limited to kidney transplantation, but is now being increasingly used to transplant portions of the liver and some other organs.
		Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a procedure in which a healthy, living person donates a portion of his or her liver to another person.
		The potential donor will be asked to complete a questionnaire that includes attaching a copy of his or her blood type (to confirm whether the blood type is compatible with the recipient).
	www.stanfordhospital.com /clinicsmedServices/COE/transplant/livertransplant/servicesliverlivingdonor (1412 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation
		Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT) was seen as an alternative to use of the cadaveric liver, and the first LDLT was carried out 13 years ago.
		LDLT is similar to split liver transplants, where the left or right lobe alone is transplanted into a recipient, and takes advantage of the amazing capacity of the liver for regeneration; after transplantation of a lobe the liver will reach 90% of original volume within a few weeks.
		Infants and small children form the bulk of paediatric patients needing a liver transplant, and the transplantation of a small amount of liver, usually the left lobe which constitutes about 35% of the liver volume, is enough to meet their metabolic requirements.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session4/17/livingdlt.htm (636 words)

	Living Donor Liver Transplantation at mayoclinic.org
		Living donor liver transplantation is a popular option for liver transplantation in children.
		Adult-to-child living donor liver transplantation using the left lateral portion of the liver is safe and effective.
		Before offering living donor liver transplantation, Mayo Clinic leaders and the liver transplant teams in Rochester and Arizona examined the need for the procedure, experience with this approach around the world, potential risks to the donor, advantages and disadvantages compared to cadaver liver transplantation, and ethical issues pertaining to living donation.
	www.mayoclinic.org /liver-transplant/livingdonorlivertransplant.html (1135 words)

	Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation - Living Donor Liver
		Transplant candidates are forced to endure longer waiting times and may, therefore, become quite ill before they receive an organ - and in some instances, too ill to withstand transplant surgery.
		To be a donor, one must donate of their own free will, with full knowledge of the risk and potential complications of the surgical procedure and with only a desire to aid the recipient.
		A liver specialist, not involved in the care of the patient, is consulted to assess the health and suitability of the potential donor.
	www.csmc.edu /pf_639.html (1055 words)

	NIH News Release--NIH Launches Study of Living Donor Liver Transplantation--10/09/2002
		Liver transplantation is the only cure and a life-saving measure for people with end-stage liver disease.
		Although liver transplants have become relatively common in the United States in recent decades, in 2001 some 17,000 patients waited for livers to be donated, while fewer than 5,000 cadaveric livers were actually donated that year.
		The liver is a large segmented organ that can potentially be split without harm to the donor and with benefit to the recipient.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/oct2002/niddk-09.htm (611 words)

	NIH Guide: ADULT TO ADULT LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION COHORT STUDY
		The LDLT Cohort Study investigators are also encouraged to seek out separate funding for special projects and to develop collaboration with laboratory and basic research investigators to draw upon the resources (clinical data, serum, tissue, DNA) made available by the LDLT Cohort Study.
		All TCs in the LDLT cohort study must agree to implement the protocols and manual of operations that will be developed cooperatively during planning stage and agree to electronically transmit all study data in a timely fashion to the DCC for combination and analysis.
		Transplantation Center Applications (a) Core Study To meet the objectives of the study, each TC applicant should propose a research plan that includes the structure of a database and an information core that they believe should be collected on all participants that are prospectively enrolled: potential and actual donors, LDLT patients and non-LDLT control patients.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-02-010.html (8380 words)

	Penn Transplant Center: Liver Program - Living Donor Liver Transplantation
		Liver transplantation is now an accepted and proven therapy for patients dying from liver disease.
		The Penn Transplant Center is one of nine centers sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in a multi-center study of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation.
		The anatomy of the liver is favorable for partial donation in that there are specific segments with their own blood supply that can be divided and transplanted into another individual.
	www.pennhealth.com /transplant/liver/living.html (413 words)

	pedihepa LIVING DONOR LIVER TRNAPLANTATION R REDING
		The intrafamilial donor was the mother (n=43), the father (n=30), and the adoptive father, the grandmother, the aunt and the uncle of the child, in one case each.
		From the technical point of view, the extent of liver resection in the living donor was a left lobectomy (n=67), or a left lobectomy extended to segment IV (not including the median hepatic vein) (n=10).
		The picture taken during the anhepatic phase of a living donor liver transplantation shows the cirrhotic native liver of the recipient (biliary atresia) on the right, and the left lobe of the living related donor ready for implantation on the left.
	www.md.ucl.ac.be /pedihepa/pedihepa-dv.htm (2108 words)

	References
		Intrahepatic biliary anatomy of living adult liver donors: correlation of mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR cholangiography and intraoperative cholangiography.
		Donor evaluation, donor risks, donor outcome, and donor quality of life in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation.
		Orthotopic liver transplantation in a 33-year-old patient with fulminant hepatitis B and HIV infection.
	www.medscape.com /content/2003/00/45/87/458740/458740_ref.html (857 words)

	Response: Living donor liver transplantation
		Several patients are dying in India because of the lack of a world-class facility for liver transplant.
		We did explain that the donor's liver would grow back to normal size within two weeks, that and she would be back to her normal self in 4-6 weeks.
		We are doing different varieties of liver transplantation, such as cadaveric, live related (adult- to- adult and adult- to- child), split liver transplant, etc. Prior to this case we did two cases and both are doing well.
	www.issuesinmedicalethics.org /133cv02.html (2213 words)

	UpToDate Living donor liver transplantation
		— The scarcity of donor organs is the limiting factor in liver transplantation.
		Donation of the left lateral segment or left lobe, used primarily in pediatric transplantation, is associated with a 5 to 10 percent chance of surgical complications and a mortality rate of less than 1 percent [2,3].
		In addition, the donor benefits from the continued survival of the recipient and from increased self-esteem derived from actively contributing to the child's survival [5].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=livertrn/5898 (511 words)

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