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Topic: Livre tournois

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	Franc
		The franc was originally a French gold coin of 3.87g minted in 1360 on the occasion of the release of king John II ("the good"), held by the English since his capture at the battle of Poitiers four years earlier.
		Though abolished as a legal currency by Louis XIII in 1641 in favour of the gold louis or ecu, the term franc (along with livre) continued to be used in common parlance.
		The franc was re-established as the national currency by the French revolutionary Convention in 1795 as a decimal unit of 4.5g of fine silver (theoretically slightly less than the livre of 4.505g, though the new coin was set in 1796 at 1.0125 livres, reflecting in part the past minting of sub-standard coin).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Franc.html (792 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In medieval France, the standard livre used in the area under the direct control of the Kings of France was known as the livre parisis (livre of Paris).
		The livre tournois became the predominant money of account (i.e., the monetary unit used in accounting) in France in the 13th century and this continued to be the general case (with some exceptions, see below) until the Revolution, even when the livre tournois ceased to exist as an actual circulating money.
		However, in 1577, the livre tournois accounting unit was officially abolished and replaced by the Ã©cu, which was at that time the major French gold coin in actual circulation.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=French_livre (851 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was initially used in the Tournois region and the west of France.
		The livre tournois was abolished during the French Revolution.
		franc, although the names livre and franc had started to be used interchangeably for the livre tournois after 1360 (from the inscription on a one-livre coin reading Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex), franc became widely used during the 17th century.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Livre_tournois.html (194 words)

	[No title]
		Thus the livre detern was in the first half of the thirteenth century worth approximately the same as the livre tournois; but in 1265 it was worth 1.4 of the tournois, in 1409 it was worth 1.5 of a tournois, and from 1531 till its disappearance, it was worth two tournois.
		At the beginning of the thirteenth century the livre tournois was worth 0.68 of a livre parisis, while fifty years later it was worth 0.8 of a parisis; i.e., five tournois equalled four parisis, at which rate they appear to have remained fixed.
		The monetary units, the livre, sol and denier, are perfectly distinct from the coins and the variations in the value of the latter did not affect the former, though, as will be seen, the circumstances which led up to the abuse of the system of "mutations" caused the depreciation of the monetary unit.
	www.geocities.com /new_economics/innes/innes-1913.txt (11458 words)

	Livre tournois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The denier tournois coin was initially minted by the abbey of Saint Martin in the Tournois region of France.
		Soon after Philip II of France seized the counties of Anjou and Tours in 1203 and standardized the use of the livre tournois there, the livre tournois began to supersede the livre parisis (Paris pound) which had been up to that point the official coin of the Capetian dynasty.
		Between 1360 and 1641, coins worth one livre tournois were minted, known as francs (the name coming from the inscription "Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex", "Jean, by the grace of God, King of the French").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Livre_tournois (666 words)

	Franc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The franc was originally a French gold coin of 3.87 g minted in 1360 on the occasion of the release King John II ("the good") held by the English since his at the Battle of Poitiers four years earlier.
		Though abolished as a legal coin by Louis XIII in 1641 in favor of the gold louis ecu the term franc continued to be in common parlance for the livre.
		The franc was re-established as the national by the French Revolutionary Convention in 1795 as a decimal unit of 4.5 of fine silver (theoretically slightly less than the livre 4.505 g though the new coin was in 1796 at 1.0125 livres reflecting in part past minting of sub-standard coin).
	www.freeglossary.com /Franc (1147 words)

	Sovereign Exploration Associates International Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The King’s minted coins could be assigned values in terms of “money of account”, (such as an overall term of ‘Livre’), and were henceforth referred to as “money of exchange” and could fluctuate in value based on such factors as inflation, war or a positive/negative balance of trade.
		The écu was the highest unit silver coin equal to six livres Tournois (Tournois pounds) or 120 sols, and equal to the Spanish Piece-of-Eight and the later ‘Pillar Dollar’.
		Throughout the 17th, 18th and early 19th Centuries the French ‘pound’, (or Livre), was generally equal to the Spanish ‘Peso’ and the British ‘Pound Sterling’; excepting certain periods of warfare and/or trading disputes, which tended to deplete or increase the facevalues of certain coin denominations of each respective nation.
	www.sea-int.com /AboutFrenchCurrency.asp (748 words)

	Monnaie de Paris
		This gold coin worth a livre tournois, or Tours pound, was struck during the Hundred Years War, when King John the Good, who had been captured by the English in 1356 at the battle of Poitiers, was freed.
		In the same way, from the reign of Charles V, a "Franc à pied" (the king portrayed standing) of the same value, was issued.
		Then the term franc, synonymous with livre or pound, became obsolete.
	www.monnaiedeparis.com /jeunes/apprendre1b.htm (366 words)

	EH: Re: Weird Question/livres (fwd)
		the French livre tournois was normally rendered as the single,
		indicate the older livre parisis; but it was largely displaced by the livre
		tournois by the 14th century, so that thereafter everyone would assume
	eh.net /lists/archives/econhist/feb-1995/0209.php (484 words)

	Dogs On Acid - B4 you slate the French.....there would be no USA as we know it without em
		The livre tournois (or Tournoise pound) was a currency used in France, named after the town of Tours, in which it was minted.
		It was replaced (on March 27, 1803) by a new currency officially called the franc, although the names livre and franc had started to be used interchangeably for the livre tournois after 1360 (from the inscription on a one-livre coin reading Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex), franc became widely used during the 17th century.
		The livre tournois had also been used as the legal currency of the Channel Islands.
	www.dogsonacid.com /printthread.php?threadid=307308 (819 words)

	Money and Prices
		The livre bordelaise (used in the Tolouse region) was worth more than the livre parisis, (used in the Paris region) which was worth more that the livre tournois (used in the Tours/Angers region), so try to get paid in livres bordelaise, if you can!
		If you want to make them into regional currencies for persona reasons, the livre tournois is worth about 1/4 less than a livre parisis, and a livre bordelaise is worth about 1/4 more.
		In addition to the basic l./s./d., there is also the mouton, and the ecu which are roughly equivalent to the livre, and the Franc, which was introduced as part of a fiscal reform in 1360, which was the equivalent of a livre tournois.
	www.maisonstclaire.org /resources/pricelist/pricelist.html (619 words)

	Heralds and Tournaments
		One contemporary document, The History of William the Marshal, opines that heralds in this function could make or break a man's reputation.
		Another contemporary work, The Livre des Tournais de Roi Rene D'Anjou, is a perfect example of a herald's duties before and during a tournament.
		On the left, a King of Arms is given a sword to take and present to the Duke of Bourbon as an invitation by the Duke of Brittany to fight against him in a tournament.
	www.unc.edu /~haggerty/herald_tourn.html (393 words)

	Modified C&S Money system
		Some coins of greater value circulated, about 1250 the Grosso, a big silver coin, was minted in Italy as the equivalent to 12 pennies but the circulation of such a coin was limited mainly to Italy.
		Also derived from the old Roman money system, France used the Livre (Pound), either the Livre Tournois or the Livre Parisis depending upon the standard used by mint that made the coins (1 livre tournois was worth 1.25 livre parisis).
		The Franc gradually replaced the livre during the 15th century as money of account and was issued as a gold coin worth 20s tournois.
	home1.gte.net /~nclarke/money.html (818 words)

	Nicolas RIVARD
		Rivard was promised free passage to and from Canada, including meals and 66 livres "tournois" as an anual wage.
		He was also advanced 15 livres, Deducted from his first years pay.
		A normal livre was worth 25% less than a livre tournois at the time.
	homepage.mac.com /robertyandow/ps03/ps03_208.html (607 words)

	Money, Income, and Expenses.
		All pounds (livres, lire and English pound) were divided into 240 pence.
		Note that there were a lot of odd coins in circulation with interesting names (Ecu, noble, cavalier, and so forth), which realy only denoted their value in pence (a "rose noble," for example, was an English coin issued from 1464, valued at ten shillings, or 200 pence).
		The livre parisi and the livre bordelaise gradually passed out of circulation during the 14th century, leaving the livre tournais as the standard currency.
	www.hyw.com /books/history/Money__I.htm (417 words)

	Napoleon
		The "franc à cheval" (the horseback franc), thus called because it was minted with an image of the king armed and helmeted stamped upon it, made it possible for the king to pay his ransom.
		Whilst new Francs were issued during the reigns of Charles V and then Henri III, the term itself, synonymous with 'livre' (Pound) fell into disuse.
		It was with the Revolution that the France became the legal monetary unit in France.
	www.napoleon.org /en/collectors_corner/object/files/franc.asp (464 words)

	livres - Ask.com Web Search
		Since 1574 it has remained stable at 3 livres to the écu, due to the monetary policies of Henri III.
		Vente de livres neufs, rares et d'occasions mais aussi de revues, journaux, gravures, affiches.
		Livres en français et en anglais, neufs ou d'occasion, produits culturels.
	search.ask.com /web?q=livres (280 words)

	[No title]
		Originally, 240d or a livre (pound) of gros tournois contained 970.56 grams of silver; but, with some subsequent debasement, rather less in the 1330s, with the final issue of gros tournois.
		An example similar to the silver livre de vieux gros above is the livre de vieux écus, or the pond oude schild (in Flemish), also used in 14th and early 15th century Brabant.
		Some famous examples are the pound sterling of England (until recently), the livre tournois and livre parisis of France, the livre gros (pond groot) of Flanders, the lira a denaro piccioli of Florence, the lira Genoese, etc. Now with such a system, 1d.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~munro5/MONEYLEC.htm (6527 words)

	H-France Reviews
		True, the livre dropped significantly in value in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
		Thus, the changing value of the livre has only limited repercussions for my claim that these taxes became more effective as the eighteenth century wore on.
		Rosenthal's charges that "nowhere" do I account for the increase in rental values from the 1750s and that I neglect indirect taxation, in particular the contrôle des actes, are simply wrong.
	www.h-france.net /vol2reviews/kwass.html (2257 words)

	King Rene's Tournament Book: About the Translation
		While Edmond Pognon has published an abridged and adapted text which is the basis for the modern French translation that accompanies Francois Avril's facsimile (E. Pognon, éd., "Le livre des tournois du roi René," in Verve no. 16, 1946), there is no modern scholarly edition of the text.
		Although he does not give the source of his edition, I believe it is based on MS 2692 (formerly 8351.1), the copy made by Louis de Gruthuyse for presentation to Charles VIII.
		Quatrebarbes' edition is illustrated with a complete set of 19th century engravings based on the illuminations, probably those of MS 2692.
	www.princeton.edu /~ezb/rene/renetran.html (613 words)

	French economic indicators
		There are in addition some figures to convert the livre tournois into silver values drawn from Wailly, N. de, 'Mémoire sur les variations de la livre tournois...', Mémoire de l'Académie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres, 21, pt.
		The value of the livre tournois in grams of fine silver, 1513-1785
		French mint output expressed in terms of livres tournois, 1308-1791
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/ESFDB/FRINDIC/frindic.html (292 words)

	French livre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article is about the French livre (unit of currency).
		For the French livre (unit of mass), see Pound (mass).
		This page was last modified 21:06, 11 December 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_livre (884 words)

	Monthly Grain Prices at Les Halles, Paris. 1549-1698
		The data are used in a paper by Nicholas Poynder, Grain storage in theory and history, (pdf-file, 40 Kb).
		The prices are in Tournois pounds per setier (156 litre) and were used in a paper by Nicholas Poynder, Grain storage in theory and history, Presented at the Third Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Lisbon, October 29-30, 1999.
		In this database they were collected from: Natalis de Wailly, Memoire sur les variations de la livre Tournois depuis le regne de Saint Louis jusqu'a l'etablissmenet de la monnaie decimale Paris 1857
	www.iisg.nl /hpw/poynder-france.php (234 words)

	Account of the Lord of Joinville in the 7th Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Next I ask you," said he, "Which would you rather: Be a leper, or have committed a deadly sin?" And I, who never lied to him, replied: That I would rather have committed thirty deadly sins than be a leper.
		The denier, originally the French penny, has dwindled to extinction; whilst the livre in its descent changed names and became the franc.
		In the thirteenth century, however, the French livre and the English pound were comparable in all respects.
	www.corvalliscommunitypages.com /Europe/france/joinville.htm (2326 words)

	apricot filled prune, muscadine, livre tournois, chocolat, Barley-sugar
		apricot filled prune, muscadine, livre tournois, chocolat, Barley-sugar
		You will adore the "Muscadines", a fresh cream and milk-chocolate fancy with dash of Grand marnier, wisped with chocolate and rolled in icing-sugar.
		Finally you can bite into "La Livre Tournois", a coin that was in use for eight centuries, create in dark-chocolate, coffee and orange flavour.
	www.creaweb.fr /frenchfood/fine-candies.html (129 words)

	Amazon.com: "livre tournois": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		See all pages with references to livre tournois.
		The livre tournois remained grosso modo stable under Mazarin in comparative terms.
		This was subdivided into sous (or sols) and deniers: i.e.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/livre-tournois (409 words)

	Tours, France: History
		By 1044 it was held by the counts of Anjou.
		During the reign of Philip II, the Livre Tournois (Tours Pound) was adopted as the international currency of France.
		In the 16th and 17th centuries, Tours had a significant Huguenot population, many of which had been responsible for the building of a huge silk industry.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /france/tours-history.htm (462 words)

	Livre des sources médiévales: Repas des consuls de Montpellier
		Livre des sources médiévales: Repas des consuls de Montpellier
		plus trante livres de peain à 1 sol 6 deniers la livre, ce monte
		Livre des sources médiévales: [xyxy]: text sources from the now defunct Arisitum website.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/french/repas.htm (416 words)

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