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Topic: Loanword

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	UC Santa Cruz - Linguistics - Research - SLUG Pubs - SLUG Pubs - Katayama 1998
		I claim that consonant gemination occurring in Japanese loanwords is driven by an attempt to preserve the moraicity of coda consonants.
		Loanword phonology has been a challenging topic to pursue due to our vague understanding of underlying representations of loanwords, which has often stipulated special markings on inputs to derive systematic phonological patterns.
		It will be shown that examination of loanwords results in the discovery of constraints or constraint rankings which are masked in the native vocabulary of the language.
	ling.ucsc.edu /research/SLUGPubs/abstracts/katayama.php?PRINT (384 words)

	LOANWORD - Encyclopedia.com
		College students' evaluative reactions to Arabic loanwords used in the context of the Iraq war.
		Not all loanwords given by Perry are to be found in Haim...
		Basically, that's because of kanji, or loanwords' lack of it to be precise.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O29-LOANWORD.html (1154 words)

	Loan
		A base loanword oft requires numerous fees, much as loanword loan financing creation loan banking or subventing fees factor fees, and dealing, colonisation, and terminative bes All loaner or agent should be fit federal home loan bank to feed you an appraisal of its fees.
		Loanword institution fees ar private koan fees emotional by the loaner for serving the lend and ar frequently unequivocal as a share of the lend sum.
		It is unremarkably needful for loanwords in which the weak requital is inferior than 20 pct of the sales cost or, in a loan refinancing, when loan amortization schedule the quantity financed is greater than escond loan 80 pct of the measured valuate.
	www.loqueyotediga.net /foro/admin/em_includes/functions/loan3.htm (2957 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for loanword
		LOANWORD Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language...
		Loanword is itself a loan-translation of German lehnwort.
		This 14c loanword from French is slowly yielding to stop (as cast has to throw) except in a few set phrases (notably cease-fire and without cease...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=loanword (1166 words)

	Rationale - Loanword Typology
		Loanwords point to historical contact between two languages (there must have been speakers with sufficient knowledge of both languages at some stage), but not genealogical relatedness (i.e.
		The author would provide a list of all (known and suspected) loanwords among the 1400 lexical meanings of the fixed list, as well as information on what is known about the historical circumstances under which these words were borrowed.
		The author may of course discuss additional loanwords (beyond the 1400-word list), but the fixed list is important so that quantitative generalizations across the sample languages can be made.
	email.eva.mpg.de /~haspelmt/lwt-rationale.html (553 words)

	Loanword
		Although loanwords are typically far less numerous than the "native" words of most languages (creoles being an obvious exception), they are often widely known and used, since their borrowing served a certain purpose.
		English has many loanwords, due to England coming in contacts with numerous invaders in the Middle Ages, and English becoming a trade language in the 18th century.
		Often, a loanword is used as an euphemism for a less polite term in the original language
	www.findword.org /lo/loanword.html (758 words)

	enjoywords.com » Blog Archive » English words in other languages: authorities try to stem the tide
		Once a word has gained currency as a loanword, and is no longer simply a little-known foreign word, it is typically already modified to some degree to fit into the native sound structure and grammar of the adopting language.
		For example, the plural form of loanwords is often a usual plural formation of the adopting language, and not the plural form of the source language.
		French was a source of loanwords in all the European languages for centuries, and still serves as a loanword language to a certain extent.
	enjoywords.com /blog/?p=6 (1239 words)

	The Language Teacher Online 22.01: Japanese Loanword Cognates and the Acquisition of English Vocabulary
		It seems that the loanword lexicon was causing better performance even at this level, as partial and malformed (near-miss) answers were almost twice as likely to occur in baseword answers than in non-baseword answers (the alternative being to leave the question unanswered).
		To estimate the similarity between loanword cognates and basewords, I examined the loanwords cognates for English basewords whose spelling begins with "a".
		Of these 18 loanwords, 11 words, including aachi (arch), adobaisu (advice), and akuchibu (active) had no morphological restrictions such as speech part modification or shortening-that is they were quite similar to their baseword counterpart in both form and meaning.
	www.jalt-publications.org /tlt/files/98/jan/daulton.html (3908 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-02092004-112729
		This is essentially a phonological analysis of the Dholuo loanwords derived from English and Swahili.
		At the suprasegmental level, the study reveals that stress in the source languages is generally rendered as high tone in the language, while the stressed vowel in the loanword generally determines the ATR harmony in the loanword.
		The study concludes that the means employed by a given language for the adaptation of unnatural, non-canonic syllable shapes are, in a general sense, peculiar to that language, and have nothing to do with the internally-motivated morpheme structure or phonological rules of the target language.
	upetd.up.ac.za /thesis/available/etd-02092004-112729 (425 words)

	Citizens want a Loan! Loanword, more information about Loanword
		A loanword (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another.
		The Norse loanwords are actually part of the grammatical skeleton of English.
		Often, a loanword is used as a euphemism for a less polite term in the original language
	www.citizens-want.org /Loanword.html (516 words)

	Loan
		Depending upon the loaner, you whitethorn be capable to interlock in the stake rank and routine of pointednesses that you leave be provocative when you charge your diligence, during proceduring of loan brokert military loans the lend, when foreclosure loan the lend is sanctioned, or afterward.
		An interlock-in that is precondition when you give for a loanword whitethorn be utile because itâs credible to rent your mortgage loans loaner some weeks or thirster to train, papers, and valuate unsecured loans your loanword diligence.
		This loyalty unremarkably bequeath land loan say the loanword footing that have been authorised (admiting loanword total), how hanker the committal is loan lender validated, and the loanerâs weather for fashioning the lend much as reception of foreclosure loan a right style indemnity insurance protective the loaner.
	www.buelletinboard.com /forums/functions/loan2.htm (3005 words)

	NYU Department of Linguistics: Loanwords: Abstract
		The phonological processes by which loanwords are assimilated into Japanese have been described by Itô and Mester (1993), Stanlaw (1992), and Sonoda (1975).
		However, developing a model for loanword assimilation has been problematic, especially for models which view loans as a separate sublexicon with a phonology distinct from the native lexicon (Kiparsky 1982).
		Unassimilated ill-formed loanword segments must be adapted in order to satisfy the Markedness constraints of the borrowing language, but difficulties arise when we try to predict how these segments will be repaired.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/lingu/people/graduate/cece/loan.htm (570 words)

	Essay 2
		A survey on the use of loanwords in a Japanese newspaper is described in chapter 2 along with a discussion of the possible effects English loanwords in Japanese may have on the acquisition of English by speakers of Japanese.
		Loanwords from Chinese and Korean are also not counted because they are close to Japanese, and it is sometimes not clear whether they are loanwords or not.
		As loanwords contain new phonological elements, their pronunciations are adjusted to the Japanese pronunciation system, but at the same time, the Japanese writing system is adjusted to the new elements, too.
	yumi-umi.com /study/e2-12.html (4531 words)

	loanword@Everything2.com
		Examples of loanwords that have recently become part of English are menage a trois from French, smorgasbord from Swedish, schadenfreude and zeitgeist from German, karaoke and manga from Japanese, and koppie and trek from Afrikaans.
		The French have laws and officials dedicated to stopping the influx of English words, and would rather mandate their own equivalent coinages.
		Loanword formation is a result of repeated code switching or borrowing over time.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node=loanword (510 words)

	Mortgage
		A whorl-in, too birdcalled a value-mesh or mortgage loan rates place committal, is a loanerâs mortgage payment calculator prognosticate national cit ymortgage mortgage income to curb a destined stake place and a destined list of mortgage calc stops for you, unremarkably for a nominal menstruation of sentence, patch your lend appliÂcation is milled.
		This dedication ordinarily leave express the loanword price that have been sanctioned (admiting lend sum), how hanker the committal is reasoned, and the loanerâs weather option one mortgage mortgage approval for fashioning the lend much as online mortgage reception of a fine deed mortgage 80 20 policy insurance protective the loaner.
		For exercise, your loanword approving could be retarded if the loaner has to expect for new century motrtgage emc mortgage whatever paperss from you corp mortgage or from opposites much as employers, valuators, corp mortgafe termite examiners, constructors, and variouss marketing the habitation.
	lachica.metropoliglobal.com /news/functions/mortgage2.htm (2966 words)

	Loanword Totally Explained
		Although loanwords are typically far fewer than the native words of most languages (creoles and pidgins being exceptions), they're often widely known and used, since their borrowing served a certain purpose, for example to provide a name for a new invention.
		However, the English pronunciations of loanwords often differ from the original pronunciations to such a degree that a native speaker of the language it was borrowed from isn't be able to recognize it as a loanword when spoken.
		The language reform was a part of the ongoing cultural reform of the time, in turn a part in the broader framework of Atatürk's Reforms, and included the introduction of the new Turkish alphabet.
	loanword.totallyexplained.com (1168 words)

	Daulton - English Loanwords in Japanese -- The Built-In Lexicon (I-TESL-J)
		Remarkably, it was found that 734 of the headword groups in the GSL correlated to at least one loanword, at a rate of 38% (Daulton, p.22).
		As 734 high-frequency English headword groups correlate to loanword cognates, the loanword lexicon can be tapped to allow learners to gain a large number of highly useful lexical items, particularly nouns, in a short period of time, saving harder ones for later (Daulton, p.
		Kimura proposes that the loanword lexicon may even be used to develop a native-like semantic intuition (1989, pp.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Daulton-Loanwords.html (1860 words)

	Urban Dictionary: loanword
		Blending words of Paranormal and anomalies(or anomalya or anomalia is a Castilian Spanish loanword).
		Japanglish is stereotypical of wapanese, though its speakers may simply be overzealous anime fanboys or fangirls.
		English as spoken by a native Japanese speaker, characterized by some or all of the following: inversion (or non-distinction) of "r" and "l" sounds, lack (or inversion) of definite and indefinite articles, non-agreement of number and gender, use of loanwords from English in their Japanese sense (e.g.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=loanword (443 words)

	Guidelines - Loanword Typology
		The goal of the Loanword Typology (LWT) project is to assemble systematic information on loanword patterns in about 40 languages from around the world, as a way of assessing lexical borrowability in a controlled way.
		Only established, conventionalized loanwords that are felt to be part of the language should be given, not nonce borrowings.
		A loanword with an intermediate degree of integration is one that has some synchronic properties of the foreign language.
	email.eva.mpg.de /~haspelmt/lwt-guidelines.html (5334 words)

	LSA.211 \| Loanword Phonology
		With the conceptual shift from rules to a constraints and repair model of sound change, loanword phonology has emerged as a topic of considerable interest.
		Loanword adaptation is constraints and repairs in real time.
		Because inputs of considerable diversity and complexity can be devised, loanword phonology takes on the status of an experiment of nature in allowing us to probe phonological competence.
	web.mit.edu /lsa2005/courses/descriptions/211.html (224 words)

	LING L712 3195 Seminar in Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Topic: Loanword Phonology Loanword phonology is currently a hot issue in the on-going debate on the phonetics-phonology interface.
		The issue is important with respect to the phonetics- phonology interface given the position put forward in the recent and influential work of Steriade and Flemming that aims to completely reduce phonology to phonetics rather than viewing phonology as independent of, or, informed by the phonetics.
		Enrolled students will be expected to write a term paper and to give regular presentations of the assigned readings from the coursepacket.The term paper should entail a detailed phonological analysis of loanword adaptation in some language and should address the general issues discussed in the seminar about the nature of loanword adaptation.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blspr04/ling/ling_l712_3195.html (213 words)

	Loanword information - Search.com
		Although loanwords are typically far less numerous than the "native" words of most languages (creoles and pidgins being an obvious exception), they are often widely known and used, since their borrowing served a certain purpose, for example to provide a name for a new invention.
		Certain classes of loanwords are more common; function words, such as pronouns, numbers, words referring to universal concepts, are usually not borrowed.
		However, the English pronunciation of a loanword will often differ from the original pronunciation to such a degree that a native speaker of the language it was borrowed from will not be able to recognize it as a loanword when spoken.
	www.search.com /reference/Loanword (941 words)

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