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Topic: Lobbying

	U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Lobbying Disclosure
		The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 established criteria for determining whether an organization or firm should register their employees as lobbyists.
		Senate Lobbying Disclosure Records, updated daily, can be viewed by the public.
		The Lobbying Disclosure Act Guidance provides information on interpretation of the law by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House.
	www.senate.gov /pagelayout/legislative/g_three_sections_with_teasers/lobbyingdisc.htm (217 words)

	U.S. Senate: Reference Home > Virtual Reference Desk > Lobbying
		Lobbying is the practice of trying to persuade legislators to propose, pass, or defeat legislation or to change existing laws.
		The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 establishes criteria for determining when an organization or firm should register their employees as lobbyists.
		The Office of Public Records receives, processes, and maintains for public inspection records filed with the Secretary of the Senate involving the Lobbying Disclosure Act, the Federal Election Campaign Act, the Ethics in Government Act, the Mutual Security Act, and the Senate Code of Official Conduct.
	www.senate.gov /reference/reference_index_subjects/Lobbying_vrd.htm (180 words)

	Lobbying - The Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lobbying legislators is about persuading them to do what you want.
		These are your key targets and lobbying strategy is about putting together the right mix on "inside" persuasion and "outside" pressure to sway them your way.
		For the most part this type of lobbying is carried out by, or in coordination with advocates who work on a regular basis at the Capitol.
	www.democracyctr.org /resources/lobbying.html (936 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		LOBBYING ACTIVITIES AND FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO April 1995 Lobbying Activities Limitations Applied to Federal Employees What is Lobbying and Who Lobbies: The traditional definition of lobbying is the attempt by any individual to influence the passage or defeat of legislation by communicating with members of Congress or their staffs.
		Union officials and activists not only lobby on behalf of their members but they encourage their members to lobby and often supply them with phone numbers, sample letters and other material which can be utilized by the members in their individual lobbying activities.
		Lobbying activities by union officials on official time are limited to their contacting Members of Congress and their staffs and other union officials but does not include urging other union members or employees to engage in specific lobbying activities.
	www.empowermentzone.com /fedlobby.txt (1305 words)

	LobbyWatch - The Center for Public Integrity
		A lobbyist is a person hired directly by an organization or through a firm for services that include making more than one "lobbying contact" on behalf of a client, and who spends at least 20 percent of his or her time during a six-month period engaged in lobbying activity.
		According to the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, those offices are charged with providing guidance on lobbying disclosure, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of required reports, and making those reports available to the public.
		Lobbying firms filing on behalf of a client must disclose an estimate of the total lobbying-related income earned from the client during the period.
	www.publicintegrity.org /lobby/report.aspx?aid=775 (1091 words)

	American League of Lobbyists - Resources for the Public: What is Lobbying?
		Although lobbying is an ancient art — as old as government itself — it is still frequently viewed with suspicion.
		Because the lobbying profession is so little understood, it is often viewed as a sinister function, yet every "mom and apple pie" interest in the United States uses lobbyists —l a fact little known by the general public.
		What most lay people regard as lobbying — the actual communication with government officials — represents the smallest portion of a lobbyist's time; a far greater proportion is devoted to the other aspects of preparation, information and communication.
	www.alldc.org /publicresources/lobbying.cfm (461 words)

	Carmen Group Lobbying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lobbying firms file separate reports for each client for each semiannual reporting period, while organizations employing in-house lobbyists file one report covering their in-house lobbying activities each semiannual reporting period.
		Lobbying firms report income earned or accrued from lobbying activities during a semiannual period, even though the client may not be billed or make payment until a later time.
		For a lobbying firm, gross income from the client for lobbying activities is reportable, including costs or disbursements that are in addition to fees and separately invoiced.
	www.carmengroup.com /links/lda/lda06.htm (2816 words)

	Summary of Laws Governing Lobbying
		Direct lobbying occurs when a representative of the organization communicates the organization’s view on a specific piece of legislation to an official, such as a councilmember or a legislator (or a staffperson for such an official).
		For example, it is not lobbying to prepare and distribute a “nonpartisan analysis” that fully discusses the pros and cons of a legislative proposal (even if the analysis comes to a conclusion on the merits of that proposal).
		Nor is it lobbying to respond to a written request for assistance from a legislative committee to help the committee with a legislative proposal.
	www.ncna.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageID=294 (683 words)

	Lobbying Information
		Lobbying is the professional practice of advocating private and public interests versus legislators and decision makers.
		Lobbying is in many countries a regulated activity, with limits placed on how it is conducted, in an attempt to prevent political corruption.
		And lobbying firms and trade groups were leery of hiring former members of Congress because they were reputed to be lazy as lobbyists, unwilling to ask former colleagues for favors.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Lobbying (1785 words)

	ALA \| Lobbying and the ALA: Fact Sheet
		"Lobbying contacts" may be made regarding legislation (its formulation, modification or adoption), executive branch policies (rules, regulations, executive orders), administration or execution of a federal program or policy, or nomination or confirmation on any person requiring a Senate confirmation.
		Grassroots lobbying is an attempt to influence legislation through a communication with the general public—including reference to specific legislation, an expression of the association's views on that legislation, and a call for action.
		In addition to name, business address and similar information, each lobbying registration includes a statement outlining the general issue areas about which the registrant expects to lobby, as well as any specific issues the registrant has already addressed or is likely to address.
	www.ala.org /ala/ourassociation/governanceb/treasurerspage/pastdocuments/lobbyingalafact.htm (1277 words)

	Lobbying and Political Activity by Tax-Exempt Organizations
		Under federal law (IRC 501), lobbying to an extent beyond an "insubstantial" amount is only permitted by IRC 501(c)(3) organizations that may and do elect to qualify under the IRC 501(h) rules, which provides strict financial limits for lobbying expenditures.
		Organizations that plan to make lobbying a very substantial part of their activities are often advised not to apply for federal tax-exempt status under IRC 501(c)(3), which prescribes strict limits to this type of activity, but rather under another classification.
		Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence legislation, either directly or indirectly, and is explicitly defined under law as follows.
	www.rodentia.com /nporegulation/lobbying.html (2697 words)

	Lobbying Disclosure Act
		The 1998 Lobbying Disclosure Act, which was voided as unconstitutional by the Commonwealth Court last year and subsequently reinstated, is now in the midst of a constitutional challenge in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
		An individual whose lobbying activities are limited to preparing testimony and testifying before a committee of the General Assembly or participating in an agency administrative proceeding.
		An individual who engages in lobbying on behalf of the individual's employer when the lobbying activity represents less than the equivalent of $2,500 of the employee's time during any reporting period, based on an hourly proration of the employee's compensation.
	www.upmc.edu /GovRel/StateRelations/PAIssues/lobbying.htm (1472 words)

	USATODAY.com - Controversial lobbyist had close contact with Bush team (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The meetings between Abramoff's lobbying team and the administration ranged from Attorney General John Ashcroft to policy advisers in Vice President Dick Cheney's office, according to his lobbying firm billing records.
		His firm boasted its lobbying team helped revise a section of the Republican Party's 2000 platform to make it favorable to its island client.
		The Marianas' lobbying paid off — it fended off proposals in 2001 to extend the U.S. minimum wage to island workers and gained at least $2 million more in federal aid from the administration.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-05-06-abramoff-bush_x.htm (1102 words)

	Independent Sector \| Public Policy -- Nonprofit Advocacy and Lobbying
		Direct lobbying is defined as stating a position on specific legislation to legislators or other government employees who participate in the formulation of legislation, or urging your members to do so.
		Grassroots lobbying is defined as stating a position on specific legislation to the general public and asking the general public to contact legislators or other government employees who participate in the formulation of legislation.
		In addition, the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) requires organizations that employ lobbyists and spend in excess of $24,500 in federal lobbying-related expenses during any six-month reporting period to register with Congress within 45 days of employing a lobbyist and to file disclosure reports with Congress on a semiannual basis.
	www.independentsector.org /programs/gr/advocacy_fact_sheet.htm (801 words)

	Lobbying Spending Database
		Tuesday, Aug. 14 was the deadline for lobbying firms and their clients to disclose their activity during the first six months of 2007.
		Lobbyists have to file semi-annual reports with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House identifying their clients, the lobbyists working for each client, and the amount of income they receive.
		Companies have to report their overall lobbying expenditures and the names of any lobbyists employed as part of an in-house lobbying effort.
	www.opensecrets.org /lobbyists/index.asp (192 words)

	The Road to Riches Is Called K Street
		The lobbying boom has been caused by three factors, experts say: rapid growth in government, Republican control of both the White House and Congress, and wide acceptance among corporations that they need to hire professional lobbyists to secure their share of federal benefits.
		Once considered a distasteful post-government vocation, big-bucks lobbying is luring nearly half of all lawmakers who return to the private sector when they leave Congress, according to a forthcoming study by Public Citizen's Congress Watch.
		Companies have had to redouble their lobbying merely to keep track of it all.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/21/AR2005062101632.html (1420 words)

	Lobbying - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		People who work on the behalf of their clients or the groups they're representing to convince the government or others involved in public policy development to make a decision that is beneficial to them.
		Many lobbying groups work in "procurement", where they attempt to convince the government to buy supplies from their clients.
		The organization's review of 2004 lobbying activities found that nearly $953 million was spent "attempting to influence state legislators and executive branch officials" in the 42 states that track such spending.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Lobbying (568 words)

	Lobbying
		Lobbying means persuading individuals or groups with decision-making power to support a position you believe is right.
		So you lobby people with power to act in support of the needs and interests of those who do not have direct power and influence.
		Lobbying is mostly used by organisations to persuade politicians or others with power and influence to support the organisation’s position.
	www.etu.org.za /toolbox/docs/organise/weblobby.html (1170 words)

	California Secretary of State - Political Reform Division - Lobbying Forms & Instructions Page
		Beginning with the 1st quarter of 2005, lobbying entities (Firms, Employers, Lobbyists and Payment to Influence filers) who file their quarterly reports either electronically or online are no longer required to file paper versions of those reports with the Secretary of State’s Office.
		Registration form for lobbying firm (or individual contract lobbyist) which is filed upon qualifying as a firm.
		An existing lobbying firm adding a new client must file Form 605 (in concert with Form 602) prior to attempting to influence legislative or administrative action on behalf of that client.
	www.ss.ca.gov /prd/lobbying_info/forms_instructions/compend_lob_forms.htm (1576 words)

	Lobbying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		No, the lobbying I want to talk about is what you and I (those of us without “influence” or lots of money) engage in when we come in contact with government.
		Lobbying today is not: a one-shot deal for a few individuals, nor is it easy.
		Lobbying today is: a continuous duty for all and it is straightforward.
	jimbeers.blogster.com /lobbying.html (2938 words)

	New York State Lobbying Act
		Upon the failure of such lobbyist, public corporation or client, to file within such fifteen day period, such lobbyist, public corporation or client, shall be subject to the fine or penalty pursuant to subdivision (b) of this section.
		All payments from the lobbying act enforcement fund shall be made on the audit and warrant of the state comptroller on vouchers certified and submitted by the chairman of the commission or the executive director of the commission if so designated by the chairman.
		Such statement shall contain an explanation of the registration and filing requirements and the penalties for violation thereof, together with such other information as the commission shall determine, and copies thereof shall be made available to the public at convenient locations throughout the state.
	www.albany.edu /purchasing/state/lobbyinglegislativelaw.html (6002 words)

	WV Lobbyist Information - Ethics Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lobbyists are responsible for keeping a record of all lobbying expenditures, whatever the amount, for two years from the date reports are filed and may be subject to audit.
		A grass roots lobbying campaign is a program addressed to the public, a substantial portion of which is intended primarily to influence legislation.
		The sponsor of a grass roots lobbying campaign is required to file periodic reports with the WV Ethics Commission on the same schedule as individual registered lobbyists.
	www.wvethicscommission.org /lobby.htm (2104 words)

	Independent Sector \| Public Policy -- Nonprofit Advocacy and Lobbying
		The House approved its new lobbying and ethics rules on January 5, 2007.
		In addition, the Senate is likely to consider proposals for lobbying reform included in the Senate Finance Committee Minority Report (PDF) on the Committee's investigation of Jack Abramoff’s use of tax-exempt organizations.
		On January 5, 2007, House members approved new lobbying and ethics rules in the form of a resolution by a vote of 430 - 1.
	www.independentsector.org /programs/gr/lobbyreform.html (411 words)

	LWV \| Strong And Effective Lobbying Reforms
		This is the case despite the fact that the total amounts being spent on grassroots lobbying campaigns may well exceed the total amounts being spent on direct lobbying activities, which are required to be disclosed.
		The lobbying information currently provided to the public is neither timely nor provided in a way that is easily accessible or useable by the public.
		We urge the Committee to adopt legislation to require quarterly filings for lobbying reports, to require that such reports be filed electronically and made available on the Internet in an easily searchable way, and to require lobbyists to file a list of the Members’ offices and congressional committees they lobbied during each reporting period.
	www.lwv.org /AM/Template.cfm?Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=4447 (1269 words)

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