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Topic: Lobule

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	SIU SOM Histology GI
		The liver is organized into lobules which take the shape of polygonal prisms Each lobule is typically hexagonal in cross section and is centered on a branch of the hepatic vein (called, logically enough, the central vein).
		The lobule is typically hexagonal in cross section, with a central vein at its center and portal areas at its peripheral corners.
		In cross sections, the lobule is filled by cords of hepatic parenchymal cells, hepatocytes, which radiate from the central vein and are separated by vascular sinusoids.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/erg/liver.htm (2087 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 790
		Laterally, it expands in either hemisphere into a considerable lobule, the superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules), which occupies the posterior third of the upper surface of the hemisphere, and is bounded below by the horizontal sulcus.
		In the hemispheres this fissure passes in front of the tonsil, crosses between the flocculus in front and the biventral lobule behind, and joins the anterior end of the horizontal sulcus.
		(3) The postpyramidal fissure passes across the vermis between the pyramid and the tuber vermis, and, in the hemispheres, courses behind the tonsil and biventral lobules, and then along the lateral border of the biventral lobule to the postnodular sulcus; in the hemisphere it forms the anterior boundary of the inferior semilunar lobule.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page790.html (470 words)

	eMedicine - Rhinoplasty, Vertical Dome Division : Article by John M Hilinski, MD
		Ideally, the infratip lobule is observed on lateral view as a subtle break in the columellar profile, with slight cephalic angulation.
		The lobule is defined as the portion of the nasal tip complex that is situated anterior to the nostrils; it extends from the tip defining point to the junction with the columella, as observed on base view.
		The lobule length should be equal to a third of the nasal base, while the columella and adjacent nostril length should equal two thirds of the nasal base.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic126.htm (5318 words)

	Hepatic Histology: The Lobule
		The connective tissue septae invaginating from the capsule delineate hepatic lobules, the structural unit of the liver.
		Lobules are almost impossible to miss in porcine liver, but one should also be able to recognize them in other species.
		Although the precise boundaries of lobules are sometimes difficult to discern, orienting on central veins and portal tracts allow "easy" identification.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/histo_lobule.html (396 words)

	[No title]
		Lobules are subunits of the lobes and are separated by thin extensions of the septa.
		Whereas lobules in pigs are defined by a sheath of connective tissue, there is less connective tissue in humans and the lobule boundaries are indistinct.
		The boundaries of human lobules can be estimated, however, by noting the positions of the portal triads at the lobule periphery, the central vein at its center, and the alternating hepatocyte plates and sinusoids that lie between them.
	www.loyno.edu /~chood/histnotesglandinteg.html (8405 words)

	THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
		The inferior parietal lobule of the left hemisphere lies at a key location in the brain, at the junction of the auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortexes, with which it is massively connected.
		The inferior parietal lobule is one of the last structures of the human brain to have developed in the course of evolution.
		The inferior parietal lobule is also one of the last structures to mature in human children, and there are reasons to believe that it may play a key role in the acquisition of language.
	thebrain.mcgill.ca /flash/i/i_10/i_10_cr/i_10_cr_lan/i_10_cr_lan.html (3359 words)

	LIVER, SALIVARY GLANDS, AND PANCREAS
		Radiating from the center to the lobule periphery are branching, anastamosing plates of hepatocytes, one or two cells thick, separated by capillaries, the liver sinusoids.
		Central veins leave the lobules at their base as the sublobular veins, which converge to form the hepatic veins and empty into the inferior vena cava.
		Be able to identify and describe the arrangement and function of the components of a liver lobule, its dual blood supply, and the drainage of bile from the lobule to the gall bladder.
	www.sacs.ucsf.edu /home/cooper/Anat118/GI-Glands/lvrpancsaliv.htm (4576 words)

	CT-Pathology Correlations
		At the center of the pulmonary lobule are the terminal bronchiolovascular bundles, outlined here with fl pigment, which was inhaled from the environment.
		A portion of a pulmonary lobule is delineated by interlobular septa that contain pulmonary veins.
		The interlobular septa and terminal bronchiolovascular bundles are near the limits of resolution of HRCT and are rarely seen normally, but may be accentuated by disease.
	pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu /ctpath/ctpath1.html (361 words)

	Earlobe Reduction Scientific Article - A Morphometric Study of the External Ear: Age and Sex Related Differences
		LW was measured as the horizontal width of the lobule at the midpoint of the lobular height.
		The angle of the lobule relative to the pinna was defined as the acute angle created by the intersection of the two axies.
		In fact, the lobule increased in height from 1.78cm in group 1 to 1.98cm in group 3 while the width decreased from 2.05cm in group 1 to 1.91cm in group 3.
	www.drsullivan.com /earlobe_study.html (2636 words)

	The Distribution of Climbing and Mossy Fiber Collateral Branches from the Copula Pyramidis and the Paramedian Lobule: ...
		The Distribution of Climbing and Mossy Fiber Collateral Branches from the Copula Pyramidis and the Paramedian Lobule: Congruence of Climbing Fiber Cortical Zones and the Pattern of Zebrin Banding within the Rat Cerebellum -- Voogd et al.
		lobule mainly to lobulus simplex and rostral crus I. Climbing
		the same locus in the paramedian lobule or the copula.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/short/23/11/4645 (541 words)

	[No title]
		The structural plan of the liver is a reflection of its vascular supply, and it is important to understand the transitional relationships between the incoming hepatic artery and portal vein, and the hepatic vein which drains blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava.
		In addition to recognizing the landmarks of the classical lobule, the student should also be aware of the boundaries and axial structures of the portal lobule and hepatic acinus.
		While in the pig each lobule is clearly demarcated by connective tissue, in the human liver, demarkation between adjacent lobules is not clear and connective tissue can be seen mainly in the sites that contain branches of the hepactic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/hist/lab10/lab10.txt (1454 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The secondary lobule is separated from the neighbouring lobules by thin linear shadows corresponding to the interlobular septa.
		The central portion of the secondary lobule consists of preterminal, terminal and respiratory bonchioles (thin parallel lines), accompanying pulmonary arteries(200-300 microns in diameter), interstitial tissue enveloping these bronchovascular structures and adjacent alveolar tissue.
		Contrast to the central portion of the secondary lobule, marginal structures of the lobule include the interlobular septa, visceral pleura, pulmonary veins and extralobular bronchi and arteries.
	www.thoracicrad.org /STR_Archive/PostGraduatePapers/ItohH.html (873 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		cortical lobules of kidney, lobuli corticales renis.
		lobule of pancreas, one of the distinct lobules into which the pancreas is divided by extension of septa of the capsule into the gland.
		lis, [TA] paracentral lobule : a lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, continuous with the precentral and postcentral gyri of the frontal and parietal lobes, and limited below by the cingulate sulcus; it is composed of sensorimotor cortex, chiefly for the lower limb and genitalia.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_l_13zPzhtm (4531 words)

	Lobules
		Lobules are groups of alveoli and are more easily seen at lower magnifications of the tissue sections.
		The delineation of the lobular structure by this connective tissue sheath is a hallmark fo the lobule.
		An example of a lobule in a mammary gland which is in the early developmental stages.
	classes.aces.uiuc.edu /AnSci308/Mamstructure/histology_3.html (207 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Cords of hepatocytes extend from the central vein to the periphery of the lobule.
		Because blood flow in the classic hepatic lobule occurs from the periphery towards the central vein, the hepatocytes on the periphery are most active.
		Hepatocytes located in the middle of the lobule are intermittently active, while those in the center are the least active.
	www.muhealth.org /~md2006/block2/12.05.02-histology.doc (719 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		Toward the peripheral part of the lobule the bile-capillaries are larger, while adjoining channels anastomose, and leave the lobule, where they become interlobular ducts, which join with other similar ducts to form larger bile-ducts..
		On reaching the periphery of the lobules, a number of capillaries are given off, which penetrate the lobule, and terminate in the capillaries of the portal vein.
		It enters the liver at the transverse fissure, accompanied by the bile-duct and hepatic artery, and is distributed between the lobules.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/barber/Bar1CH8.htm (3066 words)

	Structure and Function of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and related organs
		The lobule is composed of cellular plates that radiate from the central vein.
		The lobule is composed of liver cells, as well as liver sinusoids lined with endothelial bile passageways and, at the lobule's periphery, blood vessels.
		At each corner of the hexagonal liver lobule is a group of three structures: a branch of the hepatic portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a bile duct.
	www.ece.ncsu.edu /imaging/MedImg/SIMS/GE1_3.html (4219 words)

	ANATOMY OF THE NORMAL LOBULE
		The lobule is the functional end organ of the mammary gland.
		A terminal duct and its lobule is called THE TERMINAL DUCT LOBULAR UNIT (TDLU) because this is the entity that changes in benign, pre-cancerous and cancerous breast disease.
		Thus, the milk in the lobules is literally squeezed into the duct tree during nursing.
	tgmouse.compmed.ucdavis.edu /JENSEN-MAMM2000/normal-la/anatomy3.html (426 words)

	Rhinoplasty Dissection Manual: Anatomy
		• The lobule, alar lobule, and the infratip lobule are terms that designate three dis tinct anatomic areas of the nose.
		The lower third of the nose may be referred to as the lobule or tip.
		The afar lobule is a fibrofatty nasal subunit that is devoid of car tilage and composes a portion of the lateral nasal sidewall.
	therhinoplastycenter.com /Rhinoplasty-Manual/ch1_1.html (1117 words)

	Proposed Classification of Pathology of Human Mammary Gland
		A lobule which is at least two times the size of background lobules, and the ductules of which are increased in number but without epithelial hyperplasia or cytological atypia.
		This definition is arbitrary audit is suggested that large lobules maybe one extreme of a bell-shaped curve of lobule size, and not a clearly separate class in regard to size.
		Persistent lobules are morphologically Identical to normally sized or large lobule, but are recognized because they are conspicuously different from the surrounding atrophic background.
	mammary.nih.gov /reviews/comp_path/wellings/index.html (1883 words)

	Anatomy of the aging lobule
		As the woman ages, the lobule also undergoes characteristic atrophy.
		This "Normal" lobule is from a non-pregnant 49 year old female with breast cancer.
		This normal lobule is from a 43 year old female with no breast cancer.
	www.compmed.ucdavis.edu /bcancercd/21/involution2.html (109 words)

	Exercise 20: Accessory Glands of the Digestive System
		Each lobule is supplied by blood from two sources: a branch of the hepatic artery and a branch of the portal vein.
		The hepatocytes of the liver lobule are arrayed in long rows, sort of like brick walls in which the hepatocytes are the "bricks." The spaces between the "walls" are the hepatic sinusoids.
		from the arterial and venous input to the liver lobule.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab20/Lab20.htm (4406 words)

	CiteULike: Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		By means of autoradiographic and ablation-degeneration techniques, the intrinsic cortical connections of the posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey were traced and correlated with a reappraisal of cerebral architectonics.
		One begins in the dorsal postcentral gyrus (area 2) and proceeds, through architectonic divisions of the superior parietal lobule (areas PE and PEc), to a cortical region on the medial surface of the parietal lobe (area PGm).
		Both the superior parietal lobule and the rostral inferior parietal lobule also send projections to various other zones located in the parietal opercular region, the intraparietal sulcus, and the caudalmost portion of the cingulate sulcus.
	www.citeulike.org /user/ulli82/article/444907 (513 words)

	Virtual Hospital: ElectricDiffuseLung: The Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease: xxNormal Anatomy and the Secondary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The pulmonary arteriole accompanies the terminal bronchiole into the center of the lobule, where it distributes blood to the capillary bed that surrounds the alveoli.
		The appearance of the secondary lobule is dependent on the scanning parameters used to obtain the slice.
		The panlobular pattern implies the uniform involvement of the lobule with relatively normal septal and core structures
	www.vh.org /Providers/Textbooks/DiffuseLung/Text/NormAnat.html (1464 words)

	On the Growth of Bivalve Gills Initiated From a Lobule-Producing Budding Zone -- Neumann and Kappes 205 (1): 73 -- The ...
		‘ lobules ’ of the inner and the outer demibranchs
		Each is differentiating into the lobules of the separating inner and outer demibranchs (idl, odl, and idr, odr).
		The lobules in the filibranchs Anadara and Mytilus mainly increase
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/205/1/73 (4575 words)

	Sex Differences in Inferior Parietal Lobule Volume in Schizophrenia -- Frederikse et al. 157 (3): 422 -- Am J Psychiatry
		Melissa Frederikse, M.D., Angela Lu, B.A., Elizabeth Aylward, Ph.D., Patrick Barta, M.D., Ph.D., Tonmoy Sharma, M.D. and Godfrey Pearlson, M.D. The inferior parietal lobule is a heteromodal association
		The inferior parietal lobule is one component of the heteromodal
		As we have noted, the inferior parietal lobule is involved in
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/157/3/422 (3732 words)

	Thin-Section CT of the Secondary Pulmonary Lobule: Anatomy and the Image--The 2004 Fleischner Lecture -- Webb 239 (2): ...
		Thin-Section CT of the Secondary Pulmonary Lobule: Anatomy and the Image--The 2004 Fleischner Lecture -- Webb 239 (2): 322 -- Radiology
		Thin-Section CT of the Secondary Pulmonary Lobule: Anatomy and the Image—The 2004 Fleischner Lecture
		relative to the structures of the secondary lobule is fundamental
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/abstract/239/2/322 (180 words)

	Gating of transmission in climbing fibre paths to cerebellar cortical C1 and C3 zones in the rostral paramedian lobule ...
		The responses therefore resembled anterior lobe (lobule V) C1 and C3 zone sites in many respects, including the extent to which overall mean size of the response was reduced during locomotion, the depth of step-related modulation and the proportion of step histograms in which depressions were present (cf.
		A, pairs of rostral PML and lobule V step histograms generated by the same nerve stimuli were compared as to the extent of any shift in the position of the step tenth in which response mean size was largest ( n = 13 comparisons).
		This difference in phasing of the step-related modulation cannot be explained by any variation in the test volley in the SR nerve, nor by the use of different stimulus intensities in different experiments, because the same nerve stimulation evoked different patterns of modulation at pairs of sites recorded simultaneously within the anterior lobe and PML.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/516/3/875 (5922 words)

	Laboratory Nineteen: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
		Illustrate the three theories of lobulation which are used to describe liver function and structure.
		Observe the organization of the portal triads, hepatocytes, sinusoids, central veins and hepatic veins in relationship to the classic lobule and hepatic acinus.
		At low power identify lobules, which are separated from each other by connective tissue septa.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year1/histo/review/lab19.html (1433 words)

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