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Topic: Local Malay languages

	Malay language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who are native to the Malay peninsula, southern Thailand, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo.
		The official standard for Malay, as agreed upon by Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, is Bahasa Riau, the language of the Riau Archipelago, long considered the birthplace of the Malay language.
		The language spoken by the Peranakan (Straits Chinese, a hybrid of Chinese settlers from the Ming Dynasty and local Malays) is a unique patois of Malay and the Chinese dialect of Hokkien, which is mostly spoken in the former Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Malay_language (931 words)

	Encyclopedia: Endangered languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use.
		Some languages, such as those in Indonesia may have tens of thousands of speakers but be endangered because children are no longer learning them, or speakers are in the process of shifting to using the national language Indonesian (or a local Malay variety) in place of local languages.
		In contrast, a language with only 100 speakers might be considered very much alive if it is the primary language of a community, and is the first (or only) language of all children in that community.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Endangered-languages (383 words)

	Brudirect.com - Local News
		Malay is spoken by over 300 million people and is considered the world's fourth largest language group, said Dr Awang Sariyan, Director of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) Language Department, Bernama reported.
		One of the main players in the growth of the language is the International Council of Malay Languages, with 30 member countries from Europe, North America, East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania.
		An expert in classical Malay literature at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia's (UKM) Institute of the Malay World and Civilisation, Dr Ding Choo Ming warned that continuing differences in pronunciation, grammar, spelling and vocabulary in the countries where Malay is spoken is worrying.
	www.brudirect.com /DailyInfo/News/Archive/May04/040504/nite14.htm (385 words)

	Endangered Languages of the Pacific Region
		Pacific languages are also characterized by the small size of speaker populations and by the absence of dominant languages.
		A pidgin language is formed from elements of the grammar of both contributing languages, though the pidgin languages tend to be looked down upon from the perspective of the more dominant of the two parent languages.
		All of the threatened languages are in danger because of their status as indigenous minority languages positioned at the lowest level of the linguistic hierarchy.
	www.elpr.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp /essay/sakiyama.htm (2876 words)

	Malay language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is the official language of Malaysia and Brunei, and one of the four official languages of Singapore.
		Malay is an agglutinative language, meaning that the meaning of the word can be changed by adding the necessary prefixes or suffixes.
		In Singapore, Malay was historically the ''lingua franca'' among people of different races, but this has given way to English, but it retains the status of national language, and the national anthem, Majulah Singapura is entirely in Malay.
	www.infothis.com /find/Malay_language (1457 words)

	Career Counseling: Cultural Sensitivity - Rancho Santiago Community College District Santa Ana College Santiago Canyon ...
		Other languages used include Dutch, English, and 668 local languages and dialects, the most important of which is Javanese.
		Many local languages are further divided by special forms of address depending on social status, and all languages are spoken in a variety of local dialects.
		English is the most widely used foreign language for business and tourism, and many people in the more remote areas have a basic command of English.
	ext.sac.edu /academic_progs/rscintst/countries8/ccilang.htm (388 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Newsletter 15
		Minority languages and linguistic and cultural diversity: In addition to their relevance in the definition of human rights and minority rights standards, regional or minority languages should be explicitly recognised as essential elements of linguistic and cultural diversity as well as an important aspect of the identity of users of the regional or minority languages.
		The recognition of the duty of the individual states to retain languages still spoken in their territories in addition to the national language or languages is one of the foundations of Europe which will continue to excel by its variety of languages and cultures.
		Language descriptions in general, and descriptions of sofar undescribed unclassified languages in particular, may be a way to offer some answers to linguistic, ethno-historical, and cultural issues.
	www.ogmios.org /155.htm (7028 words)

	NameTraq \| Last Name: Malay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Malay Mail was informed that the civil servants had their statements recorded at the Selangor police headquarters in Shah Alam after an officer with the...
		SEIMBAS means "in a glance" in the Malay language, and the programme comprises 13-episodes aimed at bringing together local twins from all over the nation to...
		The Malay Mail learnt that the police were looking into the possibility that the shooting was a warning to the house owner or the contractor.
	www.nametraq.org /Jan04/M/Malay.shtml (2416 words)

	Languages. The World Factbook. 2003
		Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
		French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
		English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/37.html (1758 words)

	Local languages - Bahasa Daerah Minahasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The use of these languages, however, is decreasing as many people especially the younger generation are under pressure to switch to Manadonese, also known among the local people as Malayu Pasar or Manado Malay.
		As the name suggests, this language is a variant of Malay which in various degrees is modified by replacing lexical items.
		This language is spoken in the extreme north part of the Sulawesi peninsula and has the largest area of any Minahasan language.
	www.minahasaraya.net /language.htm (460 words)

	Globalization Erodes Local Languages, Fuels 'Glocal' English
		That, in a nutshell, is the ethnolinguist's lament for Asia.
		is to acquire language skills, not in many languages, but in one, the English language, which is seen as the key to success in the globalized age,” said Dr Rujaya Abhakorn, lecturer in South-east Asian history at Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
		Against such a background, the future of languages such as Hovongan, in north-central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sou, in the southern Laos province of Attapeu, is in peril - both are estimated to have around 1,000 speakers, and thus classified as being endangered under the definition of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/headlines03/0730-04.htm (997 words)

	HRELP - Projects
		All of the languages in this project are previously undescribed non-Austronesian languages spoken in the Alor archipelago in south-eastern Indonesia.
		On the islands of Alor and Pantar there is a very high level of bilingualism in the local variety of Malay; local languages are generally afforded low status in their speech communities and are regarded as ‘backward’ by residents in town.
		In addition, in many parts of the region, including the speech communities in this study, children are learning the local variety of Malay as their first language and are unable to communicate in the local languages.
	www.hrelp.org /grants/projects/index.php?lang=2 (299 words)

	New Foundations CH Six Part 1
		Sometimes we have considerable evidence for the influence of one language upon the evolution of another, e.g., when English was overlaid by Norman French as a language of administration from the 11th century onward, or when ‘ancientist’ (‘classical’) French of the 17th century was expressly modeled on literary Latin.
		Such varieties are most obviously affected by local conditions in their lexicon, either by establishing otherwise unusual English collocations like ‘Himalayan blunder’ in Indian English, or by borrowing items from local languages like ‘otak udang’ (‘prawn-brain’ for a person acting stupid) taken from Malay into Singapore English (cf.
		Most of these usurpers had no knowledge of local languages and no inclination to learn them; and like formalism and consumerism, colonialism seeks to erase cultural memories in order to deny the value and validity of the invaded cultures and their native languages.
	www.beaugrande.com /NEWFOUNDSix1.htm (8325 words)

	Globalization Erodes Local Languages, Fuels 'Glocal' English - Global Policy Forum - Globalization
		The discussion focused on the sorts of globalisation in Asia today, and whether or not the primary language of an economy is endangering other languages.
		Generally, some participants pointed out, the endangerment of language is most serious where local globalisation is the most advanced and includes virtually all economic sectors.
		Against such a background, the future of languages such as Hovongan, in north-central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sou, in the southern Laos province of Attapeu, is in peril - both are estimated to have around 1,000 speakers, and thus classified as being endangered under the definition of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
	www.globalpolicy.org /globaliz/cultural/2003/0730glocal.htm (1060 words)

	Catholic World News : Catholic books banned; Bible allowed after protests
		The banned books are in the languages of Bahasa Malaysia or Bahasa Indonesia, the respective languages of Malaysia and Indonesia, which are very similar.
		At first the Bible in the local Iban language, produced by the Bible Society of Malaysia, was also included on the list of banned publications.
		The banned books were published by the local Penerbit Kanisius publishers, owned by the Jesuits, who specialize in books on religion, psychology, and medicine.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=22051 (315 words)

	Agenzia Fides - Agenzia della Congregazione per l'Evangelizzazione dei Popoli
		Kuala Lumpur (Fides Service) - A number of Christian books in local Malay languages have been banned by Malaysia's Home Affairs Ministry for using the name of Allah, the Islamic word for God in their title.
		At first the Bible in the local Iban language, produced by the Bible Society of Malaysia, was also included on the list.
		The banned books were published by the local Penerbit Kanisius, publishers belonging to the Jesuit Fathers which publishes books on religion, psychology and medicine.
	www.fides.org /eng/news/2003/0304/28_03.html (302 words)

	Bilingual conversations (kottke.org)
		when someone learns two languages early in life and uses both for their daily activities, brain activitiy for both languages and for daily tasks is much more localized, and there is not the same level of mental exertion in context switching (because of the inter-contextedness of the two languages).
		In the seventies, it was realized that the entire french language culture in southern Louisiana was in danger of disappearing, so there came a push to reintroduce french in the schools and in the mid-eighties, there came an emphasis in the school system on the study of LA-french culture in french class.
		Mixing of languages doesn't seem strange to me: it just means you can't remember a word in one language, can remember it in another, and are confident the person you are talking with will recognise the word from the other language.
	www.kottke.org /03/09/030911bilingual_co.html (17728 words)

	Touchstone Magazine - Mere Comments
		A colleague at the seminary told me this morning that Malaysia was a difficult country to read, because on the one hand the government tried to present it to the world as an advanced country with a modern economy, but on the other Muslim groups had a great deal of power.
		The books in the original language were not banned, however, which led one protester to suggest that the target was ethnic rather than religious.
		She is heartened by the strong interest locals are already showing: 60 people came for a 9 AM Monday morning lecture on How to Read a Renaissance Painting.
	www.touchstonemag.com /blogarchive/2003_04_13_editors.html (8716 words)

	Ethnologue report for Singapore
		National or official languages: Mandarin Chinese, Malay, Tamil, English.
		The number of languages listed for Singapore is 21.
		Mainly in the Katong District on the east coast and the surrounding districts of Geylang and Jao Chiat.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Singapore (270 words)

	Ethnologue report for Malaysia
		Also includes Burmese, Chinese Sign Language, Eastern Panjabi (43,000), Malayalam (37,000), Sylheti, Telugu (30,000), Western Cham, people from Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Kingdom.
		The number of languages listed for Malaysia is 141.
		Of those, 140 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Malaysia (94 words)

	Ethnologue report for Thailand
		Population includes 45,815,000 or 93.5% Daic languages, 1,037,650 or 2% Austro-Asiatic languages, 1,009,500 or 2% Austronesian languages, 533,500 or 1% Tibeto-Burman languages, 100,000 or 0.2% Hmong-Mien languages (1991 J. Matisoff).
		Phalo (100) and Phang (100) are treated as distinct languages in Wurm and Hattori 1981.
		Before 1950 Chiangmai and Bangkok had their own separate but related sign languages, and probably other 'urban' areas had their own sign languages, related to present sign languages in parts of Laos and Viet Nam, including Haiphong.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Thailand (1998 words)

	Globalisation Erodes Local Languages, Fuels 'Glocal' English
		I thought one world language was always a great liberal ideal.
		Are these cunning linguists calling for these isolated people to maintain their language when there is no one else with which to speak it?
		Imagine if we Americans were told that French was still the international language and that we must master French to communicate on the Internet.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/957263/posts (1791 words)

	Ethnologue report for Brunei
		The number of languages listed for Brunei is 17.
		Dialects: Brunei Malay, Kedayan (Kadaian, Kadayan, Kadian, Kadien, Kadyan, Karayan, Kedyan, Kedien.
		Brunei, Kadayan, and Kampong Ayer have 94% to 95% lexical similarity with each other, 80% to 82% lexical similarity with Standard Malay.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Brunei (324 words)

	Languages In Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The National Language is Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) but English is widely spoken, being a compulsory subject in schools and the main Primary 6, Lower Secondary and the local version of `O' Level examinations.
		Other major languages used are Chinese and Tamil.
		The government has also been encouraging the frontliners of hotels and tourism-related business people to learn other international languages.
	www.freewebs.com /expatmsia/lang.html (72 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
		English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
		Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/fields/2098.html (1845 words)

	Languages by Countries
		Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1–2%; 715 indigenous languages
		Malay (national), Mandarin Chinese, Tamil, English (all official)
		Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0855611.html (987 words)

	AllRefer.com - World: Languages Country-wise
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > World > Facts > World: Languages
		Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
		note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
	reference.allrefer.com /world/facts/languages.html (1786 words)

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