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Topic: Local anaesthesia

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Local anesthesia

Epidural anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

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Anaesthetist

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Spinal anaesthesia

	Local anesthesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.
		The commonest form of conduction anaesthesia is probably local anaesthesia to enable dental procedures.
		To achieve conduction anesthesia a local anesthetic is injected or applied to a body surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Local_anesthesia (1438 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Local Anesthesia and Local Anesthesic Techniques
		Local anesthetics inhibit the generation and propagation of nerve impulses by blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve membrane.
		Local anesthetics are capable of blocking all nerves, thus their action is not limited to the usually more desirable sensory block but also motor loss.
		Local anesthetic is deposited in close proximity to the radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and axillary nerves.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00013.htm (2179 words)

	ANAESTHESIA AND ANAEE THETICS - LoveToKnow Article on ANAESTHESIA AND ANAEE THETICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Local Anaesthesia.Much attention has recently been devoted to the discovery of methods by which the insensibility may be confined to the area of operation and the loss of consciousness avoided.
		The earliest local anaesthetic was cold, produced by a mixture of ice and salt.
		The principle involved in spinal anaesthesia is this: that a substance in solution is injected into the sac containing the spinal cord in the lumbar region.
	45.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AN/ANAESTHESIA_AND_ANAEE_THETICS.htm (1520 words)

	Patients' Guide to Local and Regional Anaesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Local anaesthesia, strictly speaking, means putting local anaesthetic ("freezing") around the affected area to make it pain free.
		Sometimes local or regional anaesthesia is used in addition to a general anaesthetic (i.e., in patients who are asleep during surgery).
		Spinal anaesthesia is especially useful during TURP surgery, as it allows the patient to detect side effects of the washing solution used in the bladder (it makes their vision fade temporarily) and it encourages clotting in the cut blood vessels.
	www.oyston.com /anaes/local.html (2328 words)

	Local anesthesia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is (Loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness) anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.
		To achieve conduction anesthesia a (Anesthetic that numbs a local area of the body) local anesthetic is injected or applied to a body surface.
		Since then, several synthetic local anesthetic drugs have been developed and put into clinical use, notably (A local anesthetic (trade names Lidocaine and Xylocaine) used topically on the skin and mucous membranes) lidocaine in 1943, bupivacaine in 1957 and prilocaine in 1959.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/local_anesthesia.htm (1559 words)

	Anaesthesia - local, regional, general anaesthetic & complications
		Anaesthesia is one of the most significant developments of modern medicine because it allows once-unbearable medical procedures to be performed while the patient is relaxed and asleep.
		Anaesthesia usually begins when the anaesthetist injects a drug through a fine plastic tube (cannula) inserted into a vein in the back of the hand.
		With regional anaesthesia, a small amount of an anaesthetic drug is injected near to the nerves that supply a part of the body.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/html/anaesthesia.html (1203 words)

	News - Local Superior to Regional and General Anaesthesia for Hernia Repair
		Use of local anaesthesia compared with regional or general anaesthesia results in a shorter duration of hospital admission and less postoperative pain, as well as fewer micturition difficulties, in patients undergoing hernia repair.
		None of the patients in the local anaesthesia group required catheterisation, compared with 29% in the regional and 8% in the general groups.
		Patients receiving local anaesthesia had a mean duration of surgery of 69 minutes compared with 62 minutes for those under regional and 60 minutes for those under general anaesthesia.
	docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/F95E40B27892429285256DA200498917 (538 words)

	Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery: Surgical release of carpal tunnel syndrome under local anaesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We used local anaesthesia which we find to be simple and effective in achieving complete decompression of the entrapped nerve.
		The use of local anaesthesia for surgical release of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome is a simple method suitable for outpatient surgery and can easily be performed by the surgeon himself.'4 This is a study of a single surgeon's experience with this method of anaesthesia.
		The local anaesthesia was infiltrated into the skin and then into the underlying subcutaneous tissues but not into the flexor retinaculum.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3794/is_199712/ai_n8761424 (1346 words)

	1993-151 \| 11/24/1993 \| Kansas Attorney General Opinion
		Though not defined in the dental act, the terms local and general anaesthesia were defined by the legislature in the nurse anaesthetist act, a similar subject.
		The third regulation, K.A.R. 71-3-3, authorizes dental hygienists, licensed by the board, to administer local anaesthesia and nitrous oxide/ oxygen as the terms are interpreted by the board and after the completion of board-approved training in the area.
		The administration of local anaesthesia shall be performed only under the direct supervision of a licensed dentist at the office of the licensed dentist.
	www.kscourts.org /ksag/opinions/1993/1993-151.htm (1956 words)

	Anaesthesia - General, Regional or Local (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		During general anaesthesia, your Anaesthetist keeps you in a state of carefully controlled unconsciousness, with a mixture of very potent drugs, so that the operation is painless.
		Regional anaesthesia involves injecting local anaesthetics through a needle, which the Anaesthetist places close to the nerve or nerves supplying the region of the body involved in the operation.
		Local anaesthesia refers to temporarily numbing a small area by injecting local anaesthetic into the skin so that minor procedures like stitching cuts can be done painlessly.
	www.shb.ie /content2000443787_1.cfm (497 words)

	Local Anaesthesia for Inguinal and Femoral Hernia Repair (page 1)
		Local anaesthesia may be employed in hernia operations, either on its own or combined with general anaesthesia.
		Local anaesthesia provides postoperative analgesia for up to four hours and may be administered by the surgeon.
		Produce anaesthesia of the parietal peritoneum of the hernia and especially the neck of the sac which is very sensitive.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u04/u04_012.htm (694 words)

	Infiltration anaesthesia for Caesarean Section
		Obviously, local anaesthetic toxicity (Chapter 89) to mother and fetus is a significant risk.
		The fetal / maternal ratio of the local anaesthetic.
		Local and spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with myotonic dystrophy.
	www.manbit.com /oa/C100.htm (946 words)

	JustEves.com - Anaesthesia and You
		GENERAL ANAESTHESIA: In this type of anaesthesia you are put to sleep initially by an intravenous medication or by administration of an inhalation anaesthetic via a mask held over the nose and mouth, or a combination of both.
		LOCAL ANESTHESIA: Local anaesthesia only numbs a part of the body by giving an injection around the site of surgery and is generally used for simple procedures like suturing cuts on the skin, small biopsies and ear lobe repair.
		REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA: This type of anaesthesia only numbs a part of the body by giving a local anaesthetic near a group of nerves and is generally used for less complex procedures.
	www.justeves.com /surgeries/types_of_anaesthesia.shtml (349 words)

	Local Anaesthetic by Daniel A. Haas D.D.S.
		As local anaesthetics are the most commonly administered drugs in dentistry, this booklet begins with an overview of their pharmacology.
		Local anaesthetics reversibly eliminate sensation conducted along peripheral nerves by blocking the entry of sodium (Na)into the sodium channel and thus preventing these depolarizations, thereby preventing the transmission of pain information.
		This localized mass of extravasated blood may be seen after the inadvertent nicking of a blood vessel during the injection or when withdrawing the needle.
	www.septodont.ca /Septodont/english/other/cea_dh01.html (5596 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Pain-Relief During Labour & Delivery
		Local Anaesthesia Other pain-relieving medications may be injected in the vaginal and rectal areas by the obstetrician at the time of delivery.
		Local anaesthetics and other drugs are used for these procedures to reduce or block pain and other sensations over a wider region of the body.
		This stronger concentration of medication converts the analgesia to anaesthesia Anaesthesia is necessary to numb the entire abdomen completely for the surgical incision.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/birth/labour_painrelief.html (769 words)

	How to overcome failed local anaesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		An example of an inappropriate method is the use of infiltration anaesthesia to obtain pulpal anaesthesia in permanent mandibular molars in adults.
		As far as conventional methods of local anaesthesia are concerned poor technique usually relates to mandibular anaesthesia, specifically failed inferior alveolar nerve block injections.
		The practitioner therefore has to decide on the maximum volume of local anaesthetic he is willing to inject for that patient and be prepared to use up to that maximum to anaesthetise that tooth.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/bdj/journal/v186/n1/full/4800006a.html (4086 words)

	Cystoscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diagnostic cystoscopy is usually carried out with local anaesthesia.
		General anaesthesia is sometimes used for operative cystoscopic procedures.
		Flexible cystoscopy requires only local anaesthesia (usually lidocaine, in the form of a gel, such as the brand name Instillagel).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cystoscopy (942 words)

	Local anaesthesia for 1221 vitreoretinal procedures -- Newsom et al. 85 (2): 225 -- British Journal of Ophthalmology
		Local anaesthesia for 1221 vitreoretinal procedures -- Newsom et al.
		In all, 1221/1479 (82%) patients had local anaesthesia for VR surgery (Table 1).
		Local anaesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery: a case control study of 200 cases.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/2/225 (1468 words)

	Local Anaesthesia for Eye Surgery
		Local anaesthesia is currently performed for many ophthalmic procedures as it is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality when compared with general anaesthesia.
		In contrast 'topical' anaesthesia, where local anaesthetic eye drops are applied to the surface of the eye, is non-invasive and has virtually no complications.
		Although topical anaesthesia is an extremely simple it may add to the complexities of surgery as operating conditions may be more challenging.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u12/u1205_01.htm (1197 words)

	A Review of 120 cases of Dacryocystorhinostomy modified technique
		All the cases were operated under local anaesthesia with external approach and only anterior flap suturing and engaging it in the muscle layer.
		All the patients were operated under local anaesthesia with none requiring general anaesthesia.
		Local anaesthesia has advantages over general anaesthesia because it is relatively cheap and safe and when properly administered is as effective as general anaesthesia.
	www.ayubmed.edu.pk /JAMC/PAST/15-4/Mirzaman.htm (1844 words)

	ANAESTHESIA - Online Information article about ANAESTHESIA
		Morton, a dentist of Boston, employed the vapour of ether to procure general anaesthesia in a case of tooth-extraction, and thereafter administered it in cases requiring surgical operation with complete success.
		Simpson was the first to apply anaesthesia by ether to midwifery practice; this he did in 1847, and found that the pains of labour could be abolished without interference with uterine contractions or injury to the See also:
		The introduction by inhalation of any of the above drugs into the organism produces an anaesthesia, the degree of which at any moment varies directly as the amount or tension of the vapour in the blood, and therefore also as the tension of the vapour in the inspired air.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ALM_ANC/ANAESTHESIA.html (4334 words)

	Medical Education On-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		With practice, however, the increase in time and effort to provide local anaesthesia is negligible.
		Third, the acceptance that provision of anaesthesia for peripheral venous cannulation is part of good clinical practice by medical teachers and senior doctors will do much to encourage juniors to use it.
		In conclusion, whilst use of local anaesthetic is unpopular with junior doctors its use has been shown to be beneficial to patients and can be beneficial to doctors.
	www.mededuc.com /med-2000-000097.htm (467 words)

	Local anaesthesia. DermNet NZ
		Local anaesthesia (anesthesia) is the reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body and is achieved by the topical application or injection of agents that block the generation and/or journey of nerve impulses in tissue.
		Local anaesthesia is used in many dermatological procedures and surgical operations.
		Local side effects such as bruising and a temporary sensation of stinging or burning are common.
	dermnetnz.org /procedures/local-anaesthetics.html (553 words)

	Learn more about Anaesthesia in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Anaesthesia (American spelling Anesthesia) is the prevention of consciousness or sensation, usually by means of chemicals known as anaesthetics (American spelling anesthetics).
		On March 30, 1842 in Jefferson, Georgia, Dr. Crawford Williamson Long was the first to use anaesthesia during an operation; ether was given to his wife during childbirth.
		A medical student's guide to anaesthesia from a patient's perspective
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/an/anaesthesia.html (150 words)

	British Ophthalmic Anaesthesia Society
		This may however be overcome by the use of local anaesthetic (usually preservative free lignocaine) infused into the anterior chamber ("intracameral") [5], local anaesthetic soaked on to a sponge in the conjunctical fornices [6] or more recently by the use of lignocaine gel applied to the front of the eye [7].
		However it must be appreciated that adverse reactions may occur with all types of local anaesthesia, and that we should always be prepared for them, and have guidelines in place for their management.
		Local anaesthesia for the Cataract surgery is widely used at the York District Hospital since 1994.Peribulbar anaesthesia described by Hamilton [1] is the most popular used local anaesthesia technique by the anaesthetists because of the reduced risks of serious complications [2].
	www.boas.org /newslet2.html (8837 words)

	Sub-Tenon's local anaesthesia: the effect of hyaluronidase -- Rowley et al. 84 (4): 435 -- British Journal of ...
		Sub-Tenon's local anaesthesia: the effect of hyaluronidase -- Rowley et al.
		The single quadrant technique for sub-Tenon's local anaesthesia was popularised by Stevens
		A new local anaesthesia technique for cataract extraction by one quadrant sub-Tenon's infiltration.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/84/4/435 (1214 words)

	MCPC - Local anaesthesia for caesarean
		Local anaesthesia is a safe alternative to general, ketamine or spinal anaesthesia when these anaesthetics (or persons trained in their use) are not available.
		The use of local anaesthesia for caesarean section requires that the provider counsel the woman and reassure her throughout the procedure.
		Additional local anaesthesia may be necessary to repair the abdominal wall.
	www.who.int /reproductive-health/impac/Procedures/Local_anesthesia_P7_P9.html (641 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of alkalinization with warming of LA solutions in order to reduce subcutaneous injection pain in patients undergoing surgical or diagnostic procedures in local anaesthesia.
		Following approval by the ethic committee of the hospital, and informed consent, 56 patients, aged 18-70 years, were admitted into the study to undergo local anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures.
		The obtained anaesthesia was of grade 2 in all cases and thus sufficient to perform the surgical or diagnostic procedure.
	www.mednet.odessa.ua /med/anes/1/20.htm (2016 words)

	Lignocaine toxicity; a complication of local anaesthesia administered in the community -- Donald and Derbyshire 21 (2): ...
		Lignocaine toxicity; a complication of local anaesthesia administered in the community -- Donald and Derbyshire 21 (2): 249 -- Emergency Medicine Journal
		Lignocaine toxicity; a complication of local anaesthesia administered in the community
		Local anaesthetic agents are among the most commonly used drugs
	emj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/21/2/249 (125 words)

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