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Topic: Local monopoly

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Government monopoly

Monopoly

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	Monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When such a monopoly is granted to a private party, it is a government-granted monopoly; when it is operated by government itself, it is a government monopoly or state monopoly.
		A local monopoly is a monopoly of a market in a particular area, usually a town or even a smaller locality: the term is used to differentiate a monopoly that is geographically limited within a country, as the default assumption is that a monopoly covers the entire industry in a given country.
		A coercive monopoly is one that arises and whose existence is maintained as the result of any sort of activity that violates the principle of a free market and is therefore insulated from competitive forces that would otherwise be a potential threat to its superior status.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopoly (2176 words)

	Natural Monopoly
		This monopoly is coercively imposed on those who don't have a share of land, unless the natural benefits, manifested as rent, are equally shared.
		A "natural monopoly" is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete.
		The beneficiaries of coercive natural monopolies are the owners of the monopoly and the owners of the land rent.
	www.progress.org /archive/fold74.htm (995 words)

	Monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In these industries monopoly may be more economically efficient than competition, although because of potential this is not necessarily clear-cut.
		Natural monopoly arises when there are large capital costs relative to variable costs, which arises typically in such as electricity and water.
		Anyone was allowed to purchase salt, however, this was not the case as far as who was allowed to sell and distribute salt as this was subject to strict legal controls.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Monopoly (2264 words)

	Oligopoly Watch
		Local monopolies are still a pretty rare phenomenon, outside of the natural (network-dependent) ones, and most of these are embattled due to changes in the competition grid.
		Traditionally, the local monopoly has been a function of local government, and, in many cases, it still is. A municipal water department or an area water commission takes acre of sourcing the water, treating it, maintaining pipeline, and metering water use.
		Local monopolies, if they have real financial muscle, can influence how they are regulated.
	www.oligopolywatch.com /2003/10/14.html (968 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Opening cable and telephone monopolies to competition was also a cornerstone of the legislation passed last year by the House and sponsored by Congressman Markey and Chairman Fields.
		Because the local monopolies were barred from competing in the long distance and equipment manufacturing, they had significantly less incentive to impede competition in those markets.
		We believe that the Bell Companies and other local telephone monopolies should be required to unbundle and fairly price each element of their local monopoly service at technologically and economically feasible points.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/testimony/95-05-11.txt (3739 words)

	USDOJ/ATR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As long as consumers had no choice of local service provider, structural separation that prevented the regulated monopolist from participating in the other markets was necessary to prevent the abuses that plagued the industry and thwarted competition.
		Local telephone is not the only market in which reform can replace regulated monopoly with open competition.
		We recognize that the local telephone companies have challenged, with some success, the prohibition on providing video programming in their local service areas in court, even while enjoying, in most instances, continued protection of their local telephone monopolies from competition by cable operators.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/testimony/95-03-02.htm (4655 words)

	Lessons from 1996 Telecommunications Act: Deregulation Before Meaningful Competition Spells Consumer Disaster
		Competition in local telephone markets has failed to materialize because the local telephone monopolies have refused to open their networks to new entrants who must rely on parts of the monopoly network to provide local service.
		It was hoped that the large incumbent local monopoly companies might attack their neighbors' service areas, as they are the best situated to do so.
		Local exchange revenues have been growing twice as fast as other wireline revenues, and faster than they had in the in the first half of the 1990s.
	www.consumersunion.org /telecom/lessondc201.htm (9281 words)

	The persistence of monopoly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Monopoly is reinforced by the fact that there are no substitutes for water in many of the purposes for which it is used.
		Then they need to devise a regulatory regime that provides incentives for a monopoly utility to act as though it were operating in a competitive market.
		Natural monopoly occurs where it is only feasible for one supplier to exist in the market—because the more services provided, the lower the costs of providing each additional unit of service.
	www.worldbank.org /html/fpd/wstoolkits/Kit1/kitone11.html (546 words)

	Telephones, Competition, and the Candice-Coated Monopoly
		The local exchange monopoly is finished, except in the tenacious imaginations of regulators and antitrust lawyers.
		Still, more than a few local regulators still cling to an outdated economic theory, and insist that the local monopoly is ordained by immutable market forces.
		Others, better informed or just more candid, concede that the local monopoly is maintained for non-economic reasons: to make sure, for example, that the rural farmer (or owner of a vacation home) pays the same for his very expensive telephone line as the urban apartment dweller pays for his comparatively cheap one.
	www.cato.org /pubs/regulation/reg16n2c.html (5558 words)

	[No title]
		The FCC's most significant contributions toward the regulation of monopoly in the telecommunications industry came in the form of three "computer inquiries." The FCC initiated its inquiries to determine which of the emerging services arising from the combination of computer and telecommunication technologies should be subject to government antitrust regulations.
		The Act generally seeks to foster local exchange competition by requiring the incumbent LECs to allow competing alternative LECs to use to their networks[173] and prohibiting state and local governments from inhibiting competition.
		Fostering competition for local exchange services was the cornerstone of the federal and Florida acts,[281] and the legislation initially will achieve the desired effect.
	www.law.fsu.edu /journals/lawreview/frames/241/hughtxt.html (8372 words)

	7.30 Report - 22/7/1999: Cheaper local calls predicted as Telstra monopoly falls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The local telephone call monopoly is the biggest monopoly that Australia has.
		PROFESSOR ALLAN FELS: The local telephone network is Australia's greatest monopoly and this decision opens it up to full-blooded competition by a range of competitors.
		We feel that it's been a monopoly on local calls that has already been a cash cow for Telstra and finally, when this decision is implemented, we will hopefully see cheaper local calls.
	www.abc.net.au /7.30/stories/s38368.htm (1200 words)

	Colorado Public Utilities Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prior to the passage of HB 95-1335, the provision of local telephone service was a monopoly by state law.
		The new bill ends that monopoly on July 1, 1996, under conditions to be determined by the Public Utilities Commission (PUC).
		HB 95-1335 gives the PUC the authority to regulate all providers of telecommunications services in a competitive environment to ensure that basic telephone service is available to everyone in the state at fair and affordable rates.
	www.dora.state.co.us /puc/publications/fyi/fyi_t16_hb95_1335.htm (538 words)

	case1
		Yet for a long distance call made in the Bell System, "60 to 70 percent of the charges were returned to the local telephone company as a form of subsidy to keep local rates low and to make telephone service affordable."[4] In short, this gave MCI a competitive advantage over ATandT.
		Local competition provisions are being established by state PUCs to ensure incumbent LECs satisfy a checklist of requirements to make their networks accessible at reasonable rates for new entry.
		One is that creating a natural monopoly is desirable to enable various network externalities such as interconnection of networks, maximizing economies of scale and standardizing networks.
	www.tele.sunyit.edu /case1.html (3135 words)

	History of Nova Scotia, 1998 January
		For about one hundred years telephone service was a monopoly, meaning that each telephone company was assigned a legally-defined territory for its operations, and everyone in that area had to obtain telephone service from that phone company, or do without.
		Local politicians and officials with the Sable Offshore Energy Project formally began the construction phase this day by turning the sod for an access road to the proposed natural-gas-processing operation in rural Nova Scotia, about 300 kilometres northeast of Halifax.
		Local fire departments throughout Kings County were kept busy with reports of downed power lines and high-voltage arcs caused by tree limbs falling on live lines.
	www.alts.net /ns1625/nshist32.html (6631 words)

	MIACT Releases Report - Discount Long Distance Digest - 123-074
		Public Act 295 of 2000 was made necessary by the failure of the 1995 Michigan Telecommunications Act, which was supported by monopoly phone companies and their employee unions, but opposed by virtually every other interest group, from competitors to consumers.
		The genius of PA 295 of 2000 is its use of incentives to encourage major local monopolies to at last open up their systems to real competition and the benefits it will bring.
		I completely agree with their statement that the local loop is, "infrastructure that was purchased by ratepayers obtained while the government protected the incumbent monopoly."
	www.thedigest.com /more/123/123-074.html (1377 words)

	Telecom monopoly over local lines should go - Greens - Green Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Green's are pushing for Telecom's local line monopoly to be broken up, saying while they support the Government's move to regulate the Telecommunications industry, it doesn't go far enough.
		"Local loop unbundling is happening all over the developed world.
		Ms Kedgley said overseas experience had shown that an incumbent like Telecom tends to maintain its dominant position even when the local loop is opened up to competitors.
	www.greens.org.nz /docs/press/001220telecom.htm (323 words)

	AT&T News Release, 2000-01-31, SBC Maintains Local Phone Monopoly in Texas
		While the state of local competition in New York is far from perfect, the long-term prospects for competition there are far better than in Texas.
		In comments filed today with the FCC, ATandT also detailed numerous specific shortcomings that squelch local phone competition in Texas and that must be resolved in order for SBC's application to be granted.
		Until they are solved, however, the local market is not open and Texas consumers do not have a meaningful choice of local phone providers.
	www.att.com /news/2000/01/31-2504 (630 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tournament includes two 90-minute preliminary rounds of the MONOPOLY game that each participant is required to play, as well as a final round of play with the top six competitors to determine the winner.
		The cost for a seat at the tournament is $35.00 and we guarantee a lot of fun and excitement." This MONOPOLY game competition is one of many local tournaments being held throughout the country.
		The MONOPOLY game, the world's most popular proprietary board game, is licensed in more than 80 countries and printed in over 23 languages, including French, Italian, Spanish, Greek, German, Dutch, Flemish, Swedish, Finnish, Russian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Catalan and Israeli.
	www.qrd.org /qrd/aids/orgs/always.spring.foundation/monopoly.tournament (310 words)

	Wrong turn in the Net's future \| Perspectives \| CNET News.com
		The expansion of phone monopolies in the Baby Bells, such as Verizon Communications and SBC Communications, must be handled carefully.
		SBC, with 95 percent of the local phone network in its region, is certainly in a class with Microsoft and Standard Oil.
		Proponents of this view believe that allowing monopolies to dominate in their market will give them the incentive to invest in the kind of upgrades that will speed a broadband rollout.
	news.com.com /2010-1071-1025304.html (919 words)

	Monopoly.com - Tournament Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hosting a MONOPOLY® Tournament is a great way to raise money and awareness for your organization's cause.
		Enclosed is a MONOPOLY® Game Tournament Kit that contains a description of the program, a registration form, score sheet, style guide and other pertinent information.
		We are pleased to be able to offer your group complimentary* MONOPOLY® games for use in your tournament, as well as three other games for prizes.
	www.hasbro.com /monopoly/pl/page.tournaments_info/dn/default.cfm (336 words)

	Montana Minister Challenges Darwinist Monopoly in Local Schools
		However, some groups and individuals who oppose the policy change, are questioning whether Brickley's campaign to encourage teaching the criticism of the theory of evolution arises less out of scientific concerns and more out of religious ones.
		But Brickley, a Darby resident and local Baptist minister, insists that teaching creation science as an alternative to evolution is not his goal.
		He notes, "Just because you disagree with evolution doesn't mean you favor creationism." Still, he says many of his opponents seek to discredit other legitimate scientific theories by characterizing them as creationism, which has previously been stigmatized by the courts as religious pseudo-science.
	news.christiansunite.com /Religion_News/religion00604.shtml (558 words)

	BT's local monopoly under fire - vnunet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		BT's near-monopoly over the local telephone network will end in 2001, when industry regulator Oftel will enforce competition within the local loop of the UK's telephone network.
		Oftel's decision finally leads the UK down the same path taken by the US, where local services were formally unbundled in 1996.
		Deregulation of the local loop is important because it should prompt new carriers to upgrade the network or install new copper, rather than waiting for BT to do the job.
	www.financialdirector.co.uk /analysis/it/86995 (855 words)

	Testimony of Anne K. Bingaman of AAG before the Telecommunications Subcommittee of the House Commerce Committee ...
		These line-of-business restrictions grew out of the central issue in the case: the ability of the local monopoly to impede competition in those other markets.
		The MFJ addressed the problem of the local monopoly bottleneck and promoted competition in the long distance and equipment manufacturing markets by strictly separating the local monopoly from those markets.
		The Department's motion was filed along with a stipulation by Ameritech and ATandT that the modification is in the public interest.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/testimony/0219.htm (3888 words)

	EDGE, On & About AT&T: Local Competition: AT&T Asks PSC to End Bell Atlantic's Monopoly for Local Toll Calls
		AT&T has asked the Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) to give Maryland consumers the same choices for local toll calling that are already being enjoyed by residents of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, West Virginia, and nearly every other state that Bell Atlantic serves.
		Without equal access, all short distance toll calls are automatically routed to Bell Atlantic unless customers dial a special code before dialing the telephone number, which customers find confusing and burdensome.
		According to AT&T's petition to the PSC, in the surrounding states where equal access has already been implemented, prices for local toll calls have dropped and new service options have been introduced.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0UNZ/is_1998_August_17/ai_50241899 (384 words)

	Chris Karr's Weblog: I hate huge local monopoly phone companies. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chris Karr's Weblog: I hate huge local monopoly phone companies.
		In my previous post, I said that I don't want to maliciously imply that a given person is stupid, evil, or similar type of thing.
		Listed below are links to weblogs that reference I hate huge local monopoly phone companies.
	www.aetherial.net /personal/2005/01/i_ihatei_huge_l.html (870 words)

	infobong.com: your friendly local media monopoly
		Of course I am annoyed because I'll have no broadband over the weekend and I have to wait as long as nine hours on Monday for some schlub to do ten minutes worth of work.
		She didn't offer to let me speak to a manager, and I didn't feel like pressing the issue, so I just hung up.
		This afternoon, I got online at the RTF graduate student lab in loverly UA9, and got a local Earthlink access number, so I now I'm surfing the Internet, 1995-style.
	www.infobong.com /archives/002336.html (316 words)

	AT&T News Release, 1998-09-01, AT&T asks SCC to end Bell Atlantic's monopoly for local toll calls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		RICHMOND, Va. – AT&T has asked the Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) to give Virginia consumers, residing in Bell Atlantic territory, the same choices for local toll calling that are already being enjoyed by residents of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and nearly every other state that Bell Atlantic serves.
		For example, in West Virginia, Bell Atlantic is seeking to offer customers a package deal of local calling, custom calling features and $150.00 in short-distance toll calls for a flat monthly rate of $59.95, if customers choose Bell Atlantic-West Virginia as their local toll provider.
		AT&T asked that equal access be effective February 8, 1999, which is the deadline established by the Telecommunications Act of 1996 for Regional Bell Operating companies, like Bell Atlantic-Virginia, to implement equal access in states where it is not yet available.
	www.att.com /news/0998/980901.csa.html (391 words)

	Meet other Monopoly Players in your area! - Meetup.com
		Meet other local Monopoly players to talk strategy and play the game!
		Andre Johnson joined a group of local Monopoly Players on Thu Jul 07 20:05:21 EDT 2005!
		John joined a group of local Monopoly Players on Fri Jul 22 16:56:25 EDT 2005!
	monopoly.meetup.com (73 words)

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