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Topic: Local substitution

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	Simultaneous substitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simultaneous substitution or simsub, in Canadian broadcasting, is the practice by which cable, direct broadcast satellite and multichannel multipoint distribution service television distribution companies substitute a local Canadian signal over a non-Canadian or non-local signal, when two or more stations are airing the same programming at the same time.
		With simultaneous substitution, Global can ensure that advertisements purchased on their network are seen by nearly all Canadians watching the show at that particular time, rather than losing advertising revenue because some viewers were seeing the FOX affiliate's commercials instead.
		While some Canadians erroneously believe that simultaneous substitution is a uniquely Canadian policy which represents an undemocratic intrusion by the CRTC into Canadian television viewing habits, in actual fact cable companies in the United States are required by the Federal Communications Commission to follow a very similar policy of syndication exclusivity, or "syndex".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simultaneous_substitution (719 words)

	Import substitution is a strategy that has enjoyed little explicit practice and limited academic study
		Import substitution causes the existing level of injections from exports to have a larger multiplier effect on the local community by stemming income leakage.
		Import substitution strategies are rarely enacted in isolation, but tend to form one facet of a broader strategy, becoming inextricably linked with other development goals and programs such as economic self-sustainability, entrepreneurial development, or location incentives.
		Quite commonly, the import substitution portion of a program or strategy remains implicit or even incidental, and import substitution is not acknowledged as an underlying basis for the economic development measure.
	www.humboldt.edu /~envecon/econ_580/sd_discussant_paper.htm (3429 words)

	Import substitution as sustainable economic development
		Despite this, in the 1970s, import substitution came into the U.S. consciousness as a means to promote national (Buy American campaigns) and regional development and the debate continues as to its effectiveness (http://www.planning.unc.edu/courses/261/drucker/history.html).
		Local economies are often described by a “leaky bucket” model in which the bucket represents the local region and money can both circulate within the bucket and flow in and out.
		Local economic development often focuses on attracting businesses under the assumption that the jobs generated by those businesses will generate local income and, in turn, local spending of such income.
	www.umich.edu /~econdev/importsub (1627 words)

	[No title]
		The configura tion files contain information about which arrays are known to the array services daemon and the machines in each of them, the commands that can be executed by the array services daemon, various local options, and informa tion used for authenticating messages passed between array services daemons on different machines.
		A real newline may also be embedded by preceding it with a backslash, thus allowing a string to span several lines in a configuration file.
		substitution variables A name preceded by a "%" is referred to as a "sub stitution variable" and will be replaced with some other value.
	www.ibiblio.org /gferg/ldp/man/man5/arrayd.conf.5.html (548 words)

	Economics, the Environment, and Sustainability
		Suppose that an initial net cash injection of $1,000,000 into a local community economy is created as a byproduct of cyber-commuting technology workers choosing the community as a home because of its desirable quality of life.
		Import substitution tends to promote smaller scale business than export-base because import substitution is intended to serve the local community, while export-base can exploit economies of scale in production for export sale.
		Congruence between appropriation and provision rules, and local conditions: The rules that govern withdrawal of resource units from the CPR are tailored to local conditions.
	www.humboldt.edu /~envecon/econ_309/e309midterm_s98.htm (1249 words)

	The Financial Gleaner
		It compares a locally produced good to a foreign one, where in the case of the local product the price is $125, the foreign input is 80 per cent and the local input is 20 per cent.
		In the case of the local produce this is arrived at because 80 per cent of $125 is due to foreign inputs.
		The advantage of local produce it can be argued is the creation of jobs but if the local good causes greater imports then in the long term this may not be the best solution.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/efg/19-Mar-04/Commentary/comm1.htm (1265 words)

	Appendix \| Glossary
		A substitution matrix in which scores for each position are derived from observations of the frequencies of substitutions in blocks of local alignments in related proteins.
		A PAM(x) substitution matrix is a look-up table in which scores for each amino acid substitution have been calculated based on the frequency of that substitution in closely related proteins that have experienced a certain amount (x) of evolutionary divergence.
		A substitution matrix containing values proportional to the probability that amino acid i mutates into amino acid j for all pairs of amino acids.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /Education/BLASTinfo/glossary2.html (1476 words)

	[No title]
		If states substitute some of the increase in federal funds for their own funds, then total highway spending may increase, but not by as much as it would have had substitution not occurred.
		We did not consider it substitution if in response to increased federal highway funds, state and local funds were moved from highway projects that were eligible for federal aid to highway projects that were not eligible for federal aid.
		Meyers also modeled the substitution rate based on a different definition of substitution, defining substitution as occurring when state funds were moved out of federal- aid highway projects, even if those funds were used for highway projects that were ineligible for federal aid.
	www.gao.gov /atext/d04802.txt (16182 words)

	Public Notice CRTC 1997-7
		Simultaneous substitution is intended to allow for the full exploitation of program rights purchased by local broadcasters, since it can prevent situations in which a program for which a local broadcaster holds the program rights is broadcast simultaneously on the local station and on an out-of-market station.
		Advanced substitution is the term currently used to refer to a variety of proposals that would extend the protection of local broadcasters' program rights.
		The local broadcaster would schedule this second channel so that any programs for which it had exclusive rights were broadcast at the same time as they were broadcast on any out-of-market station carried by the distributor that aired the same program.
	www.crtc.gc.ca /archive/ENG/Notices/1997/PB97-7.htm (2745 words)

	Ofcom Website \| Section3 - Market definition- Review of the wholesale local access market
		While additional flexible jumpers and tie-cables are required to upgrade the loop-based local access connection to enable broadband, the local loop between the end user premises and the MDF is typically the same as used to provide exchange line services only.
		Local loops provide the local access component of most of the more than 30 million analogue and ISDN lines in service, though cable does account for a significant number of analogue exchange lines too.
		Firstly, customers purchasing wholesale local access are unlikely to do so to supply very small individual local areas but to supply services to customers on a broader geographic basis, creating pressure for tariffs that apply across wider geographic areas than a very local perspective might suggest.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /consult/condocs/rwlam/rwlam/market_definition (7746 words)

	A logic grammar representation for XML Schema
		A pair of a local name and a namespace name (or absent) resolve to a schema component of a specified kind in the context of validation by appeal to the appropriate property of the schema being used for the assessment.
		The component resolved to is the entry in the table whose local name matches the local name of the pair and whose target namespace is identical to the namespace name of the pair.
		A string is locally valid with respect to a simple type definition if it is schema-valid with respect to that definition as defined by Datatype Valid in [W3C 2001c].
	www.w3.org /People/cmsmcq/2003/lgrxs.html (7656 words)

	Signal Substitution
		Signal substitution occurs when a cable company inserts the signal of a local or regional Canadian TV station on the channel of a more distant station showing the same program at the same time.
		For substitution to take place, the local or regional TV station has to make a request to the cable company in advance.
		With substitution, the local and regional stations maintain their home audiences, which in turn maintains the integrity of the local licence.
	www.crtc.gc.ca /ENG/INFO_SHT/Bdt10.htm (434 words)

	[No title]
		It first makes the specified #substitution into the specified polynomial, and expands the result as #a new polynomial.
		Moving #sequentially along the solve-list (the outer loop), it extracts the #coefficient of the specified monomial (the inner loop), substitutes according #to the new rules previously obtained, and solves for the specified variable.
		Zeroer:= proc (VariableList,Expression) local i, Substitution; i:=1: Substitution:={}: for i from 1 to nops(VariableList) do Substitution := Substitution union {VariableList[i] = 0}: od: subs(Substitution,Expression): end: #We also define a few expressions which are used repeatedly, #and store them for later use.
	www.cgtp.duke.edu /~drm/maple.source (2394 words)

	ACR-Mémoire : NPH CRTC 1997-3
		With respect to priority carriage obligations and simultaneous substitution requirements, CAB acknowledges the commitments made by each of the applicants to deliver local signals within the basic MDS package on a market-by-market basis and to carry out simulcast requests.
		Requests for substitution among Canadian broadcasters within the serving territory would have to be accommodated by use of the addressable deletion capability except where, as for London, separate head end capability exists.
		We understand that there are cost implications for MDS operators to fulfill the requirement of priority carriage for local signals and simultaneous substitution.
	www.cab-acr.ca /french/research/97/sub_may197.shtm (1457 words)

	USAID: Colombia
		In local governance, the program will strengthen the ability of up to 100 municipal governments, particularly those involved in alternative development and/or with IDPs, to improve their planning and execution capacity, while citizen participation will be increased in local decision making.
		To strengthen municipal government and ensure participation of local citizens and community organizations in decisions taken at the municipal level, social relations between citizens and local governments must be reconstructed.
		Assistance to local governments is dependent upon access to the areas where displaced persons are living and where alternative development activities are ongoing.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/bj2001/lac/co/colombia_ads.html (5218 words)

	The Green Resource - FAQs
		The short answer is that import substitution is the replacement of goods and services purchased outside a region with goods and services produced within the region.
		In this sense, import substitution creates "growth from within," as local businesses receive supply contracts and local residents earn wages and income.
		* Import substitution strategies are rarely practiced or considered on their own, rather they normally form a portion or segment of a broader strategy or set of programs.
	www.thegreenresource.com /faqs.asp (392 words)

	OMB Watch - FCC Releases Media Ownership Studies Tied to Regulatory Overhaul
		Author’s findings: Using a variety of supply side and demand side econometric models, there is the clearest evidence of substitution between the Internet and broadcast TV both overall and for news consumption; between daily and weekly newspapers; and between daily newspapers and broadcast TV news.
		There is also evidence of substitution between cable and broadcast channels, both overall and for news consumption; between cable and daily newspapers both overall and for news consumption; between radio and broadcast TV for news consumption; and between the Internet and daily newspapers for news consumption.
		This number also is small but statistically significant; and (3) The elasticity of substitution between local radio and local television is 0.3094, which is not statistically different from zero.
	www.ombwatch.org /article/articleview/1126/1/77 (1498 words)

	Generic Determinacy of Equilibria with Local Substitution
		Consumption of a good at one point in time is a substitute for consumption of the same good an instant earlier or later.
		"Generic determinacy of equilibria with local substitution," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol.
		"Existence and Structure of Stochastic Equilibria with Intertemporal Substitution," Sonderforschungsbereich 373 2000-104, Humboldt Universitaet Berlin.
	ideas.repec.org /p/cdl/econwp/1044.html (481 words)

	CAB-Television Submissions
		Specifically, it required that DTH operators carry out simultaneous substitution between Canadian and non-Canadian services that are part of the DTH service offering and that it carry out program deletion on a simultaneous and non-simultaneous basis within a broadcast week at the request of local stations.
		The CAB considers that the conditions of licence relating to program deletion and substitution which the Commission imposed on each of the applicants were appropriate and are "related to the circumstances" of each licensee.
		The result would be diminished audiences and revenues for local stations and a reduction in the capacity of local licensees to fulfill their own Canadian program commitments.
	www.cab-acr.ca /english/research/97/sub_pn1997_60.shtm (2945 words)

	LC '98 abstract: Georg Moser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hilbert's substitution method [1,2,3] is known as a strong tool for $\epsilon$-elimination in arithmetic and analysis.
		Contrary to this traditional use we aim at applications of the substitution method to pure first-order logic; this question has been investigated in [4], but we pursue a more direct approach.
		Without the additional information rendered by a concrete theory like PA, we are bound to evaluate every $\epsilon$-term syntactically by replacing it with the corresponding critical term $t$.
	www.math.cas.cz /~lc98/abstracts/Moser.html (398 words)

	Local Substitution and Habit Persistence: Matching the Moments of the Equity Premium and the Risk-Free Rate
		Local Substitution and Habit Persistence: Matching the Moments of the Equity Premium and the Risk-Free Rate
		Secondly, combined effects of local substitution and long-run complementarity over consumption nearly explain the equity premium and the risk-free rate means and volatilities.
		I conclude that both habit persistence and local substitution are required to solve the standard financial empirical puzzles.
	ideas.repec.org /a/red/issued/v7y2004i2p265-296.html (358 words)

	Appropriate Economics, Community Exchange, Community Currencies in the Global South : International Help Desk on Local ...
		By encouraging locally-generated business, goods and services that were formerly sourced from outside the locality may be substituted by goods produced from within the locality. National and multinational corporations are unlikely to accept local currency in payment, due to the impossibility of repatriating profits.
		If there is enough income to mobilize local production using local resources to meet local needs, people do not need to leave the village for the city in order to earn money.
		When the lower-income people in a community have access to a local means of exchange, and possibly increased access to capital, the gap between the richest and poorest members of a community decreases.
	www.appropriate-economics.org /helpdesk/benefits.html (547 words)

	Deterministic Mutation Rate Variation in the Human Genome -- Smith et al. 12 (9): 1350 -- Genome Research
		Substitution rates are summed over human and chimpanzee lineages, with data points representing nonoverlapping 5-kb blocks from the human-chimp-baboon alignments.
		The difference between the number of GC substitutions and the number of AT GC substitutions (expected to be zero at equilibrium) is plotted against G+C content.
		Piganeau, G., Mouchiroud, D., Duret, L., and Gautier, C. Expected relationship between the silent substitution rate and the GC content: Implications for the evolution of isochores.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/12/9/1350 (4322 words)

	summary
		Until relatively recently, regional import substitution strategies were not studied explicitly.
		Import substitution strategies are rarely practiced or considered on their own, rather they normally form a portion or segment of a broader strategy or set of programs.
		Import substitution, in the long run, is a relatively cost-effective strategy for economic development, creating jobs and economic growth for far less monetary cost than most other economic development strategies.
	www.planning.unc.edu /courses/261/drucker/summary.html (447 words)

	lua-users wiki: Scite Word Substitution
		This is code for a simple replace-on-the-fly facility for SciTE; it's similar to Word's ability to automatically substitute 'the' for 'teh'.
		Whatever you think about its usefulness (you may agree with Phillipe that makes people lazy) it shows how a SciTE Lua extensioncan access each word as it is typed.
		We don't use the same word list for every file type ('fun' expands to 'function' for Lua and Pascal files, not for text!); this is done by watching when the active file changes, either by opening (use
	lua-users.org /wiki/SciteWordSubstitution (142 words)

	A Note On Portfolio Optimization In A Lévy Market With Local Substitution And Habit Formation (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		We have in previous papers [2, 3] studied an optimal portfolio-consumption model which takes into account the notion of local substitution and allow the stock price to be governed by a general Levy (jump-diusion) process.
		In this note, we discuss a generalization of this model which includes the eect of habit formation.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /307054.html (438 words)

	GiPo@FileUtilities 2.9 - Set of utilities for Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP that provide many useful services. - ...
		GiPo@Mount – local folders substitution and local/remote drives mounting.
		It allows to substitute a local folder for a drive letter and to attach a local or remote drive to an empty folder on an NTFS volume.
		This kind of test is useful for those who need to write data to different types of media (floppies or CDR/CDRW/DVDRW/etc) and want to ensure that the written data is OK. The program allows selecting the file or folder to check.
	www.freetrialsoft.com /GiPoFileUtilities-review-12799.html (269 words)

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