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Topic: Lockout of 1913

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	James Larkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Employers in Dublin engaged in a lockout of their workers when the latter refused to sign the pledge, employing flleg labour from Britain and elsewhere in Ireland.
		For seven months the lockout affected tens of thousands of Dublin's workers and employers, with Larkin portrayed as the villain by Murphy's three main newspapers, the Irish Independent, the Sunday Independent and the Evening Herald.
		The lockout eventually concluded in early (1914) when the calls for a sympathetic strike in Britain from Larkin and Connolly were rejected by the British TUC.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jim_Larkin (2202 words)

	JAMES LARKIN AND THE DUBLIN LOCK-OUT by Patrick Nulty
		This dispute and the personnel antagonism between the two men were largely responsible for the events, which followed in 1913.
		At first Connolly and Larkin considered the lockout to be a failure because they had not succeeded in breaking the will of the employers'.
		Secondly the life of people in Urban Ireland has not been fully explored by historians and the Dublin Lock-out of 1913 gives a clear picture of the lives of the Urban working class and their struggles.
	www.angelfire.com /pe/riversdale/larkin.html (1799 words)

	September 1913
		A response to the ruthless mercenary employers who locked out their workers in the General Strike in 1913: the poem is also a comment on the refusal of commercial interests to support Yeats’ appeal for money to build an Art Gallery to house the Lane collection.
		It was provoked by the lockout of September 1913 in which all members of the ITGWU were locked out by their employers, giving rise to a winter of poverty and confrontation in the city of Dublin and resulting in victory for the employers.
		The lockout was the third major disappointment for Yeats in the artistic appreciation of Dubliners.
	homepage.eircom.net /~splash/Sept1913.html (1194 words)

	The ITGWU and the Dublin Lock-out of 1913 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The ITGWU and the Dublin Lock-out of 1913
		Between 1911 and 1913 the union, mainly by the use of sympathetic strikes, won victories in Dublin.
		On September 2nd 1913 he spelled out his policy to the Dublin Chamber of Commerce - "The employer all the time managed to get his three meals a day, but the unfortunate workman and his family had no resources whatever except submission, and that was what occurred in 99 cases out of 100.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ws88_89/ws29_1913.html (3408 words)

	1913 Dublin Lockout : Dublin 1913 - 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because the improvement in the lives of those who produce the wealth is not just a matter of receiving a portion of that wealth.
		To a great extent the material advances "enjoyed" by workers to-day - where they are not still living like casual labourers in the Dublin of 1913 - were won by their' own political and trade union struggles.
		Just before the 70th anniversary of 1913, Willie Berminghams ALONE published an updated account of the living conditions of many old people in Dublin.
	www.struggle.ws /cc1913/dublin.html (2041 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/James Larkin
		Larkin's family lived in the slums in Liverpool during the early years of his life, and from the age of seven he attended school in the mornings and worked in the afternoons to supplement the family income - a common arrangement in working-class families at the time.
		Employers in Dublin engaged in a lockout of their workers, employing flleg labour from Britain and elsewhere in Ireland.
		Dublin's workers, amongst the poorest in the then United Kingdom, were forced to survive on generous but inadequate donations from the British Trades Union Congress (TUC) and other sources in Ireland, doled out dutifully by the ITGWU.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/James_Larkin (2025 words)

	August 26th, 1913 - The Start of the Tramworkers' Strike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He refused to recognised the ITGWU or to negotiate with them, and in July 1913 he issued instructions to all Tramway employees that any who joined the ITGWU would be dismissed.
		At 10 am on Tuesday, August 26th, trams stopped wherever they were and drivers and conductors walked away from them - a strategy which caused massive disruption since there were stopped trams all over the city that prevented those not striking from completing their journey.
		A comparison has often been drawn between the 1913 lockout and the miner's strike of 1986 in Britain.
	www.pearsecom.com /Ireland/anniversaries/August%2026th,%201913%20-%20The%20Start%20of%20the%20Tramworkers%27%20Strike.htm (375 words)

	New book on the 1913 Dublin lockout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1913, the conditions of Dublin workers were appalling.
		At the time of the lockout the 'national movement' was growing fast.
		In Ryanair, Tara Mines, the Irish Independent there are bosses as vicious as those in 1913.
	www.swp.ie /resources/The%201913%20Dublin%20lockout.htm (1272 words)

	Review-Lockout Dublin 1913
		The Belfast men were politically as subordinate to the bosses as most Dublin workers and unlike the Dublin workers they were prepared to accept their bosses' line on trade union rights.
		disapproval but to imply that, in 1913, he was opposed to military tactics while Connolly was advocating them or that Connolly's view of the potential rising was always the same as Pearse's is inaccurate.
		The lockout was an attempt by the employers to deny their workers the right to organise.
	www.socialistdemocracy.org /Reviews/ReviewLockoutDublin1913.htm (1309 words)

	November 1st, 1913, James Byrne, died as a result of hunger strike after arrest during lockout riots. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		November 1st, 1913, James Byrne, died as a result of hunger strike after arrest during lockout riots.
		James Byrne, born in what was then called Kingstown and we now know as Dún Laoghaire was thirty-eight years old and a married man with six children in 1913, and under the leadership of Jim Larkin he was Kingstown branch secretrary of the ITGWU.
		On October 20th, 1913, Byrne was arrested and charged on very flimsy evidence with intimidation of a strike-breaking tram-worker and remanded to Mountjoy prison.
	www.pearsecom.com /Ireland/anniversaries/November%201st,%201913,%20James%20Byrne%20died.htm (193 words)

	RTE News - 90th anniversary of 1913 lockout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		RTE News - 90th anniversary of 1913 lockout
		A community pageant to mark the 90th anniversary of the 1913 lockout was staged in Dublin city centre this afternoon.
		The 1913 lock-out occurred after workers refused a demand by William Martin Murphy of the Dublin United Transport Company to renounce union membership or face dismissal.
	wwa.rte.ie /news/2003/0831/lockout.html (69 words)

	William Butler Yeats - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The metaphysics of Yeats's late works must be read in relation to his system of esoteric fundamentalities in A Vision (1925), which is read today primarily for its value shed on his late poetry rather than for any rigorous intellectual or philosophical insights.
		In 1913, Yeats met the young American poet Ezra Pound.
		Pound had travelled to London at least partly to meet the older man, whom he considered "the only poet worthy of serious study".
	open-encyclopedia.com /W.B._Yeats (2712 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Lockout: Dublin, 1913: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Lockout is the story of the most famous labour dispute in Irish history.
		On 26 August 1913 the trams stopped running in Dublin.
		But it won the war: 1913 meant that there was no going back to the horrors of pre-Larkin Dublin.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0717128911 (580 words)

	James Plunkett - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plunkett grew up among the Dublin working class and they, along with the petty bourgeoisie and lower intelligentsia, make up the bulk of the dramatis personae of his oeuvre.
		His best-known works are the novel Strumpet City, set in Dublin in the years leading up to the lockout of 1913 and during the course of the strike, and the short stories in the collection The Trusting and the Maimed.
		His other works include a radio play on James Larkin, who figures prominently in his work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Plunkett (155 words)

	BBC - History - Wars - 1916 Easter Rising - Prelude - Dublin Lockout 1913 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For obvious reasons Irish labour was slow to become organised; throughout the 19th century the country had little industry outside the north-east.
		By 1913 it had 10,000 members; it had rapidly become Ireland’s biggest and most militant union, with its own distinct blend of trade unionism, republicanism and socialism — ‘Larkinism’.
		In 1913, when labour problems were convulsing Britain and Larkin was at the height of his power, he determined to break the anti-union stance of the Dublin United Tramway Company (DUTC).
	www1.thny.bbc.co.uk /history/war/easterrising/prelude/pr05.shtml (810 words)

	\| Book Review \| The American Historical Review, 106.5 \| The History Cooperative
		The latter had been born in the 1840s and was, in 1913, a very prominent member of Dublin's capitalist class.
		In August 1913, Dublin tram drivers and conductors stopped work; as ITGWU members, they had refused the demand of the DUTC boss to renounce their union.
		At the end of 1913, the ITGWU had 22,935 members, compared with 24,135 at the start of the year.
	www.historycooperative.com /journals/ahr/106.5/br_153.html (515 words)

	Dáil Debate - 12 March 2003
		Higgins asked the Taoiseach if there are plans for a State commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the 1913 Lockout; and if he will make a statement on the matter.
		There are no plans, therefore, to mark the 90th anniversary of the 1913 lockout.
		The right to be a member of a trade union is certainly underscored but the imperative of employers to accept trade union membership within their workforce and to recognise and negotiate with the representatives of workers is something that needs to be guaranteed in law.
	www.irlgov.ie /debates-03/12Mar/Sect2.htm (5925 words)

	Fishpond.co.nz: Lockout: Dublin 1913 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Striking conductors and drivers, members of the Irish Transport Workers' Union, abandoned their vehicles.
		The labor movement lost influence in the revolutionary events of the following years: nationalism thrust it to one side.
		But in the long run, it won the war: 1913 meant that there was no going back to the horrors of pre-Larkin Dublin.
	www.fishpond.co.nz /product_info.php?cPath=536_2492&products_id=751274&osCsid=561713dd0fab248dfc02a9e450831faa (176 words)

	Irish Citizen Army -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The army rose out of the great strike of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union in 1913.
		Called the (additional info and facts about Lockout of 1913) Lockout of 1913, the strike fought for the recognition of this (An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer) labor union founded by (additional info and facts about James Larkin) James Larkin.
		The conflict involved 400 employers and 25,000 workers.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ir/irish_citizen_army.htm (475 words)

	JAMES CONNOLLY (1868-1916) Socialist leader of 1916 Rising
		He left for a trip to America, touring and lecturing until his return to Ireland, where he accepted the position of organiser for the Belfast branch of James "Big Jim" Larkin's new union, the ITGWU (Irish Transport and General Workers Union).
		Connolly came to Dublin to help and during the 1913 Lockout and was instrumental in founding the Irish Citizen Army.
		With the outbreak of World War One, Connolly began to agitate for a rising, and was brought into secret talks with the IRB.
	www.1916rising.com /pic_connolly.html (296 words)

	RootsWeb: GENIRE-L Re: James Connolly/Dublin Strike-1913 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Union' a lockout followed and evictions, violent conflicts with the police,
		the 1913 lockout was an attempt by the Irish
		During the 1913 lock out the Irish Citizens Army was formed as a
	archiver.rootsweb.com /th/read/GENIRE/1999-04/0924388301 (456 words)

	BBC - History - Wars - 1916 Easter Rising - Profiles - James Connolly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		When he returned to Ireland in 1910 he found the Irish political environment more receptive.
		Connolly rose to prominence during the Dublin Lockout in 1913 and in October 1914, after Larkin’s departure for America, became General Secretary of the Irish Transport and General Workers` Union and commander of the Irish Citizen Army (ICA).
		Liberty Hall was the headquarters of both and this became his power base.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/easterrising/profiles/po04.shtml (564 words)

	Surnames in Daly / Feeney Genealogy
		He founded the Irish Independent newspaper in 1905, and was also the head of the company that ran the Dublin tramway system.
		He became notorious as the employers' leader in the great Dublin lockout of 1913.
		The O'Byrnes derive their ancestry from King Milesius, who came from Spain to Ireland in 558 B.C., and his son Heremon.
	www.strandnet.com /family/surnames/index.htm (1420 words)

	Workers Online : History : 2001 - Issue 88 : Out of the Bog
		The turbulent history of modern Ireland is not absent from union history, with James Connolly an early important figure and a key participant in the Eater Rising in 1916.
		Back in the great Dublin lock-out of 1913, Pearse had come down strongly on the side of Jim Larkin and his ill-used followers, those outcasts referred to contemptuously by a largely antipathetic press as 'Larkin's rabble of carters and dockers'.
		The official report of the Inquiry divided the houses into three categories: (1) houses which appeared to be structurally sound; (2) houses so decayed as to be on the borderline of being unfit for human habitation; (3) houses unfit for human habitation and incapable of being rendered fit for human habitation.
	workers.labor.net.au /88/c_historicalfeature_neale.html (3647 words)

	Articles - William Butler Yeats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Yeats' mystical inclinations, informed by Hindu religion (Yeats translated The Ten Principal Upanishads (1938) with Shri Purohit Swami), theosophical beliefs and the occult, formed much of the basis of his late poetry, which some critics attacked as lacking intellectual or philosophical insights.
		In 1913, Yeats met American poet Ezra Pound.
		Pound traveled to London to meet the older man, whom he considered "the only poet worthy of serious study".
	www.refice.com /articles/William_Butler_Yeats (2286 words)

	Definition of Lockout in Webster's Dictionary 1913 Edition - Wunder Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Definition of Lockout in Webster's Dictionary 1913 Edition - Wunder Dictionary
		Definition of Lockout in Webster's Dictionary 1913 Edition
		The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages.
	websters.wunderdictionary.com /dictionary/def/english/lockout.html (44 words)

	AN PHOBLACHT/REPUBLICAN NEWS
		In the Great Lockout of 1913, women from Jacob's factory were described as ``amongst the most militant''.
		Spearheaded by business tycoon William Martin Murphy, the Lockout conspiracy sought to break the unions by starving the workforce into signing non-union agreements.
		In the fields of France, amidst the mud and blood of trench warfare, James Kempson would have been unaware of his daughter's resolve as she walked through Dublin on that Easter Monday morning.
	www.irlnet.com /aprn/archive/1998/April16/16lily.html (2050 words)

	IRISH CITIZEN ARMY ON ROOF OF LIBERTY HALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Irish Citizen Army were a body of volunteers, equipped and drilled in defiance of the British administaration and consisting of Socialist workers.
		The Lockout of 1913, fought on the issue of the recognition of Big Jim Larkins' radical union, the ITGWU, began when William Martin Murphy, a prominent industrialist, locked out a number of trade unionists on 19th August 1913.
		The conflict escalated until it involved 400 employers and 25,000 workers.
	indigo.ie /~1916/pic_ica.html (339 words)

	Lockout : Dublin 1913: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Lockout : Dublin 1913: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data
		Lockout is the story of the most famous labor dispute in Irish history.
		Join the free co-op advertising network and increase your traffic.
	www.stratossupersite.com /books-reviewed/0312238908.html (495 words)

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