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	501. Carob (locust) bean gum (WHO Food Additives Series 16)
		Introduction Carob bean gum (also called locust bean gum) is the material separated and variously refined from the endosperm of the seed of the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, a large leguminous evergreen that is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area.
		The effect of carob or locust bean gum on nitrogen (N) balance and dry matter digestibility was studied in rats.
		Locust bean gum had no effect on the digestibility of the diet, nor was there any significant effect on growth (Vohra et al., 1979).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v16je07.htm (3015 words)

	Ingredients -- Locust Bean Gum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Locust bean gum is a polysacharide (a long chain made of sugars) made of the sugars galactose and mannose.
		In locust bean gum, the ratio of mannose to galactose is higher than in guar gum, giving it slightly different properties, and allowing the two gums to interact synergistically so that together they make a thicker gel than either one alone.
		Locust bean gum is extracted from the endosperm of the seeds of the carob tree Ceretonia siliqua, which grows in Mediterranean countries.
	sci-toys.com /ingredients/locust_bean_gum.html (176 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Locust bean gum (European Union additive number E410) is a galactomannan vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the Carob tree.
		Locust bean gum is a galactomannan similar to guar gum consisting of a (1â’4)-linked Î²-D-mannopyranose backbone with branchpoints from their 6-positions linked to Î±-D-galactose (i.e.
		Locust bean gum is less soluble and lower viscosity than guar gum as it has fewer galactose branchpoints.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Locust_bean_gum (588 words)

	Non-wood forest products for rural income and sustainable forestry - SEED GUMS 3
		Locust bean (or carob) gum is the whitish powder obtained from grinding the endosperm of the seeds of Ceratonia siliqua, a tree widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region.
		Locust bean gum is an important constituent of many soups, where its property of fully dissolving and thickening only at high temperatures is critical.
		Like locust bean, the hull of tara is tough and hard, and special processes have to be used to remove the hull before separating the endosperm and germ.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V9236E/V9236e06.htm (4477 words)

	NIGERIAN TRIBUNE - Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Locust bean is one common cooking condiment that is been phased out on tables of the educated.
		The pulverised bark of African locust bean tree, for instance, is employed in wound healing and serves as one of the ingredients that is used in treating leprosy.
		Using the water and alcoholic extracts of African locust bean on experimental animals, they found for example that a dietary supplementation with the extract (6g per kg of the plant extract administered orally for four weeks), ameliorated the alloxan-induced diabetes in a manner comparable with that of the reference antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide.
	www.tribune.com.ng /04012007/hlt2.html (815 words)

	Locust bean gum
		Locust bean gum (E410; also called Carob bean gum and Carubin) is extracted from the seed (kernels) of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua).
		Locust bean gum differs from guar gum in that it does form thermally-irreversible weak gels by association of the galactose deficient regions and therefore has poorer freeze thaw behavior.
		Locust bean gum specifically retards ice crystal growth by forming structured gel at solid/liquid interface This particularly occurs on freeze-thaw cycling, which encourages the frustrated crystallization of the galactomannan so causing the gel to form.
	www.lsbu.ac.uk /water/hyloc.html (458 words)

	Molecular methods for detecting guar gum additions to locust bean gum - Patent 7037653
		Locust bean gum, synonym of algaroba gum and carob bean gum, extracted from the seeds of carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua), and guar gum, synonym of gum cyamopsis and guar flour, extracted from the seeds of guar plant (cyamopsis tetragonolobus) are used as food additives.
		These sequences have also been detected in the guar and locust bean gums, thus their detection in the DNA extracted from these gums ensure that their origins are either the guar plant or the carob tree.
		As used herein, the term locust bean gum or E 410 is the ground endosperm of the seeds of the natural strains of carob tree Ceratonia siliqua [1998, "Commission Directive 98/86/EC of 11 Nov. 1998," Official Journal of the European Communities, 9.12.98:L334/11].
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7037653.html (7313 words)

	[No title]
		When locust bean gum is added to kappa carrageenan, the gel breaking strength increases reaching a maximum at a 1 : 1 ratio of the two hydrocolloids.
		Contrary to locust bean gum, iota carrageenan significantly decreases the breaking strength and rigidity of kappa carrageenan gels, the effect being related to the proportion of iota carrageenan in the system.
		Contrary to locust bean gum and iota carrageenan, amidated low methoxyl pectin does not contribute significantly to kappa carrageenan gel formation, the textural parameters of cohesiveness and elasticity being essentially the same as for pure kappa carrageenan.
	www.cpkelco.com /carrageenan/gelling_mechanism.html (1727 words)

	locust - definition by dict.die.net
		Locust beetle (Zo["o]l.), a longicorn beetle (Cyllene robini[ae]), which, in the larval state, bores holes in the wood of the locust tree.
		Locust bird (Zo["o]l.) the rose-colored starling or pastor of India.
		Locust bean (Bot.), a commercial name for the sweet pod of the carob tree.
	dict.die.net /locust (921 words)

	Locust bean gum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Locust bean gum (European Union additive number E410) is a galactomannan vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the Carob tree.
		Locust bean gum is a galactomannan similar to guar gum consisting of a (1→4)-linked β-D-mannopyranose backbone with branchpoints from their 6-positions linked to α-D-galactose (i.e.
		Locust bean gum specifically retards ice crystal growth by forming a structured gel at the solid/liquid interface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Locust_bean_gum (625 words)

	Africans In America News Watch
		Locust bean is one common cooking condiment that is been phased out on tables of the educated.
		The pulverised bark of African locust bean tree, for instance, is employed in wound healing and serves as one of the ingredients that is used in treating leprosy.
		Using the water and alcoholic extracts of African locust bean on experimental animals, they found for example that a dietary supplementation with the extract (6g per kg of the plant extract administered orally for four weeks), ameliorated the alloxan-induced diabetes in a manner comparable with that of the reference antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide.
	www.africansinamericanewswatch.com /a/p/heal/heal0008.html (799 words)

	Price pressure ongoing for locust bean gum supplies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Against the backdrop of soaring prices for locust bean gum, getting the best price for the customer is a challenge hydrocolloid producers must meet if they want to ensure ongoing contracts, reports Lindsey Partos.
		Food manufacturers use locust bean gum, which provides high viscosity and functions as a water binder, in a wide range of processed foods like cheese, ice cream, bakery products and soups.
		Locust bean gum is one of the classic cyclic hydrocolloids, that along with gum arabic traditionally experiences price highs and lows, with the last peak in 1995.
	dairyreporter.com /news/ng.asp?id=56845&n=wh52&c= (603 words)

	Carob Bean Pods
		The ground seeds are used as a substitute for cocoa and as a food (also known as algarroba, St. John's bread, and locust bean gum).
		The seeds are then processed to produce locust bean gum (ceratonia or carob bean gum).
		Many scholars believe that John the Baptist lived on carob pods as" the locust bean" in another name for carob bean pods.
	www.herbalhut.com /carob.htm (1061 words)

	Did John the Baptist eat carob tree fruits or bugs?
		It is accepted by many in the East as the food on which John the Baptist fed, however, in my humble opinion, it is not the carob; it was the insect that John ate.
		Locust fruit is dried as a food for cattle and people.
		Inside the carob pods are tiny beans which are used to make locust bean gum, a stabilizer and thickener in foods.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/3664/locusts.html (646 words)

	Ingredients that gel - Formulation & Ingredient Challenges Prepared Foods - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Agars, carrageenans and alginates are obtained from seaweeds; pectins are extracted from citrus peel and apple pulp; xanthan gum and gellan gum are produced from microorganisms by fermentation; locust bean (also known as carob bean) gum, which co-gels with xanthan gum, is the ground endosperm of carob beans.
		Gellan gels tend to be firm and brittle whereas xanthan forms soft elastic gels in the presence of locust bean gum.
		The best-known example of a co-gelling polysaccharide is locust bean gum, which interacts by association with helical polysaccharides including agar-agar, carrageenans and xanthan gum.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3289/is_6_172/ai_105460743 (789 words)

	Cereal Chem 2003 \| Effect of Hydrophilic Gums on Frozen Dough. I. Dough Quality.
		The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrophilic gums on ice crystallization and recrystallization for improvement of the shelf-life stability of frozen dough.
		Doughs with locust bean gum gave a higher peak force, measured using the Kieffer dough extensibility rig of the texture analyzer, and lower proof time, indicating better retention of baking quality.
		In summary, locust bean gum, gum arabic, and CMC improved the dough characteristics to varying degrees.
	www.aaccnet.org /cerealchemistry/abstracts/2003/1010-02R.asp (389 words)

	Catholic-Pages.com \| Discussion Forum - Locust Beans and Wild Honey
		In a novel I'm reading, which is purely secular, one of the characters posed a conversational question in which he said that John the Baptist probably ate Locust Beans and not locusts.
		Mixed with saturated fats like butter fat or palm oil, it is often used to make a sweet confection, considered chocolate-like by some, that is usually referred to simply as "carob." Carob is claimed to soothe the digestive tract and help with diarrhea.
		Apparently the seeds are called 'locust beans' and I'm wondering if common parlance in that region uses the same word for 'locust' as for 'locust bean', the inference depending on the topic being discussed.
	www.catholic-pages.com /forum/topic.asp?topic_id=10078 (996 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) which is well adapted to lowland tropical agro-ecosystems is not as popular as the different varieties of cowpea that are sold in the local markets and is consumed only when the prices of other legumes are prohibitive (Nwokolo 1987).
		The dawa dawa produced from African yam bean was highly desirable in appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability thus indicating that it could compete favourably with other types of dawa dawa that are sold locally.
		Although the seeds for the yam bean are hard to cook and dehull, previous studies have shown that boiling with potash (kaun) reduces cooking time (Njoku et al., 1989), hence the addition of potash during boiling increased its softness and reduced it's cooking time.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ja01015 (1562 words)

	Patent 6,093,420
		In other preferred embodiments, locust bean gum comprises from about 50 to about 95% by weight of the sustained release carrier.
		In particularly preferred embodiments, the crosslinking agent is locust bean gum.
		In preferred embodiments, the cross-linking agent is, e.g., a homopolysaccharide such as locust bean gum, an ionizable gel strength enhancing agent, or mixtures thereof.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/072500OG/6093420_SustainedRel072500.htm (1111 words)

	DANISCO - Locust bean gum range extended
		A top locust bean gum supplier in its own right, the former Rhodia subsidiary has supplemented Danisco’s already extensive knowledge of the functional ingredient and its application.
		Manufacturers of dairy products, such as cream cheese, benefit in particular from locust bean gum that is free of fl specks.
		Locust bean gum provides unique functionality in a range of food products — stabilising ice cream and frozen desserts, giving cream cheese the required viscosity and syneresis control and working with other hydrocolloids to add gel strength and texture to fruit preparations.
	www.ferret.com.au /articles/8F/0C02C58F.asp (205 words)

	Locust bean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Locust bean the locust history and surely long before, locust plagues have taken on religious significance and historical texts.
		Locust bean users and their arid confines and invaded.
		Locust swarms can be, nostalgic for the chief veterinary officer animal welfare aquatic animal health.
	locust.bodaily.com /locust-bean.html (523 words)

	TIC Gums - Product Information - Product List
		Using a process which eliminates the dark seeds, this grade of Locust Bean Gum is both higher in viscosity and with less "specks" than typical Locust Bean Gum.
		Locust Bean Gum has excellent freeze/thaw and water binding characteristics which make it ideal for frozen dairy products and cream cheese applications.
		Stabilizer XC-424 was developed as a Locust Bean Gum in dairy applications such as cream cheese, cheesecake and the like.
	www.ticgums.com /store/listing.asp?category=Cream (2930 words)

	MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: RECIPES (By Boomie O.)
		Allow the rice to simmer for about 15-20 minutes...the rice should be soft enough to eat, not so soft that it is sticky, and there should be little or no water at the bottom of the pot by the time the rice is finished.
		Soak some beans in a large container (some people recommend lightly grounding the beans first to make it easier to remove the skin) for about an hour or so.
		Prepare as you would prepare beans, but add the corn (off the cob) to the mixture about 20 minutes before the beans is cooked.
	www.motherlandnigeria.com /recipes.html (4444 words)

	LOCUST BEAN - Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		[n] long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
		algarroba, algarroba bean, carob, carob bean, locust pod
		bean, bean plant, carob bean tree, carob powder, carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, Saint-John's-bread
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/locust+bean (41 words)

	Honey Locust - DirtDoctor.com - Howard Garrett - The Dirt Doctor
		Legumes of the bean pods are 1/2 to 1-1/2 feet long and 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches wide.
		Honey locust tends to throw off limbs when in stress, especially during drought in the summer.
		Pods should be gathered from the ground or picked when brown and dry and planted in the fall or kept at about 41 degrees over the winter and planted in the spring.
	www.dirtdoctor.com /view_question.php?id=884 (288 words)

	Cargill Texturizing Solutions: Products Hydrocolloids Locust Bean Gum Overview
		The locust bean has been known for its thickening properties since ancient times: the Egyptians used locust bean paste to glue bandages onto mummies.
		However, it was only early in the 20th century that locust bean gum (LBG) became an industrial product.
		Originally from Syria and Asia Minor, the locust bean has been cultivated since antiquity in the Mediterranean basin.
	www.cargilltexturizing.com /products/hydrocolloids/locust/cts_prod_hydro_loc.shtml (174 words)

	TIC Gums: Effective, Affordable Alternative to Locust Bean Gum
		As manufacturers who work with the ingredient well know, locust bean gum prices have steadily increased over the past several months and are now nearly three times the previous level.
		To provide relief to food and beverage processors, TIC Gums is offering TIC Pretested Caragum 200 as a locust bean gum replacement that is as effective as it is affordable.
		"Most guar gum is twice as thick as locust bean gum, but this guar blend doesn't have that problem," he explains.
	www.foodprocessing.com /vendors/products/2005/215.html (381 words)

	Optimization of Oral Contrast Agents for MR Imaging of the Small Bowel -- Lauenstein et al. 228 (1): 279 -- Radiology
		On the basis of a comparison of the four additives, the best bowel distention was achieved with ingestion of water spiked with the combination of locust bean gum and mannitol.
		mannitol and that induced with locust bean gum was not significant.
		The oral administration of locust bean gum is known to
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/228/1/279 (3852 words)

	Guar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The guar bean or cluster bean is an annual legume, a plant of the pea and bean family.
		Guar can be eaten as a green bean, fed to cattle, or used as a green manure.
		Guar beans have a large endosperm that contains galactomannan gum, a substance which forms a gel in water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guar_bean (292 words)

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