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Topic: Logic gate

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Programmable logic device

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	Fluid chip does binary logic TRN 100604
		Logic gates convert one or two inputs into an output based on a rule.
		The researchers' microfluidic logic gates convert "flow" or "not flow" inputs to outputs of "dyed" or "not dyed" liquid.
		The NOT gate is the simplest logic gate because it only has one input and so all the channels can be flowing at the same rate, said Vestad.
	www.trnmag.com /Stories/2004/100604/Fluid_chip_does_binary_logic_100604.html (960 words)

	Logic gate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the NOT gate the output is the logical opposite of the input.
		The NOR gate is the NOT of an OR gate.
		Logic circuits are often classified in two groups: combinatorial logic, in which the outputs are continuous-time functions of the inputs, and sequential logic, in which the outputs depend on information stored by the circuits as well as on the inputs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logic_gate (2765 words)

	logic gate - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about logic gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Information is fed to a gate in the form of binary-coded input signals (logic value 0 stands for ‘off’ or ‘low-voltage pulse’, logic 1 for ‘on’ or ‘high-voltage’), and each combination of input signals yields a specific output (logic 0 or 1).
		The output of a NOT or inverter gate is the opposite of the signal received through its single input, and a NOR or NAND gate produces an output signal that is the opposite of the signal that would have been produced by an OR or AND gate, respectively.
		The properties of a logic gate, or of a combination of gates, may be defined and presented in the form of a diagram called a truth table, which lists the output that will be triggered by each of the possible combinations of input signals.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /logic%20gate (360 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Logic gate
		Category: Logic gates Ampheck, from Greek double-edged, is a term coined by Charles Sanders Peirce for either one of the pair of logically dual operators, variously referred to as Peirce arrows, Sheffer strokes, or NAND and NNOR.
		A logic gate is an arrangement of electronically-controlled switches used to calculate operations in Boolean algebra.
		In this article, the various types of logic gate are illustrated with drawings of their relay-and-switch implementations, although the reader should remember that these are electrically different from the semiconductor equivalents that are discussed later.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Logic-gate (5785 words)

	Logic gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this article, the various types of logic gate are illustrated with drawings of their relay-and-switchimplementations, although the reader should remember that these are electrically different from the semiconductor equivalentsthat are discussed later.
		Logic circuits are oftenclassified in two groups: combinatorial logic, in which the outputs are continuous-time functions of the inputs,and sequential logic, in which the outputs depend on informationstored by the circuit as well as on the inputs.
		The semiconductor logic gate, on the other hand, acts as a high-gain voltage amplifier, which sinks a tiny current at its input and produces a low-impedance voltage at its output.It is not possible for current to flow between the output and the input of a semiconductor logic gate.
	www.therfcc.org /logic-gate-42805.html (1222 words)

	Scientific American: How does a logic gate in a microchip work? A gate seems like a device that must swing open and ...
		In this case, the gate consists of a physical barrier whose position is controlled by a farmer.
		For the very brief interval that is required for a logic gate to switch (on the order of a nanosecond, or a billionth of a second), current will flow through a PMOS transistor from the positive power supply to the circuit.
		The larger the gate voltage, the larger is the concentration of electrons in the channel region.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=0005313C-5706-1C72-9EB7809EC588F2D7 (1129 words)

	Logic gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While semiconductor electronic logic (see later) is preferred most applications relays and switches are still in some industrial applications and for educational In this article the various types of gate are illustrated with drawings of their implementations although the reader should remember that are electrically different from the semiconductor equivalents are discussed later.
		circuits are often classified in two groups: combinatorial logic in which the outputs are continuous-time of the inputs and sequential logic in which the outputs depend on stored by the circuit as well as the inputs.
		Increasingly these fixed-function logic are being replaced by programmable logic devices which allow designers to pack a number of mixed logic gates into a integrated circuit.
	www.freeglossary.com /Logic_Gate (1734 words)

	CMOS Logic
		CMOS logic is a newer technology, based on the use of complementary MOS transistors to perform logic functions with almost no current required.
		CMOS gates are all based on the fundamental inverter circuit shown to the left.
		Since the gate is essentially an open circuit it draws no current, and the output voltage will be equal to either ground or to the power supply voltage, depending on which transistor is conducting.
	www.play-hookey.com /digital/electronics/cmos_gates.html (961 words)

	Logic gate 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Start the Logic gate 1 article or add a request for it.
		Look for "Logic gate 1" in the Wikimedia Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Promotional articles about yourself, your friends, your company or products; or articles written as part of a marketing or promotional campaign, may be deleted in accordance with our deletion policies.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/logic_gate_1 (188 words)

	What is logic gate? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: OR, NOR, NOT, AND, XOR, NAND
		A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit.
		In most logic gates, the low state is approximately zero volts (0 V), while the high state is approximately five volts positive (+5 V).
		The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true," the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213512,00.html (538 words)

	Definition of Logic Gate
		Logic gates perform basic logical functions and are the are the fundamental building blocks of digital integrated circuits.
		Most logic gates take an input of two binary values, and output a single value of a 1 or 0.
		The maximum number of logic gates on an integrated circuit is determined by the size of the chip divided by the size of the logic gates.
	www.sharpened.net /glossary/definition.php?logicgate (275 words)

	Magnets open the gate to nanoscale logic (June 2002) - News - nanotechweb.org
		A nanometre-scale logic gate that works at room temperature and is made entirely from metal has been developed by UK physicists.
		Logic operations - such as NOT, AND, OR and XOR - are carried out in existing electronic circuits by semiconductor devices including diodes and transistors.
		The electron density of a metal, however, is higher than it is in a semiconductor, so a metallic logic gate could be made smaller than a semiconductor logic gate.
	www.nanotechweb.org /articles/news/1/6/8/1 (598 words)

	Experiment Demonstrates Transistorless Funtional Logic Gate
		A functioning logic gate -- the most basic element of digital computers -- that is based on a transistorless approach to computing called quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is reported by University of Notre Dame researchers in the April 9 issue of Science.
		In this experiment, the logic gate consists of a cell, composed of four quantum dots connected in a ring by tunnel junctions, and two single dot electrometers.
		The device was operated by applying inputs to the gates of the cell, and the logic AND and OR operations was verified by using the electrometer outputs.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-04/UoND-EDTF-090499.php (449 words)

	Carbon Nanotube Inter- and Intramolecular Logic Gates
		The nanotubes are side-bonded to these electrodes and the conductive backside of the Si wafer is used as the gate.
		The NOT gate is a fundamental one in that, along with the "AND" gate, it can be used to generate all other logic gates.
		To use a logical gate as part of a more complicated computing system, a gain (output/input ratio) of one is required.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?nalefd/asap/html/nl015606f.html (1996 words)

	Tesla's Invention of the Electronic Logic Gate \| Tesla FAQ No. 24 \| Interesting Facts About Nikola Tesla
		It is a little known fact that Nikola Tesla is the acknowledged inventor of the electronic AND logic gate circuit, a critical element of every digital computer.
		In New York City in the mid 1890s Tesla's work was focused on the development of an independent remotely-controlled device—the "telautomaton." These efforts led him to devise methods for selectively activating any of several wireless receivers (he called this "the art of individualization") that involved multiple transmissions on separate frequencies.
		After World War II when computer hardware manufacturers attempted to patent digital logic gates in general, the U.S. Patent Office asserted Tesla's turn-of-the-century priority in their electrical implementation.
	www.tfcbooks.com /teslafaq/q&a_024.htm (299 words)

	logic gate - a Whatis.com definition
		A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit.
		The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true," the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator.
		As IC technology advances, the required physical volume for each individual logic gate decreases and digital devices of the same or smaller size become capable of performing ever-more-complicated operations at ever-increasing speeds.
	searchoracle.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid41_gci213512,00.html (487 words)

	Logic Gate - Dictionary Definition and Meaning of Logic Gate
		Different gates implement different Boolean functions: AND, OR, NAND, NOR (these may take two or more inputs) NOT (one input), XOR (two inputs).
		NOT, NAND and NOR are often constructed from single transistors and the other gates made from combinations of these basic ones.
		Gates with state, such as latches and flip-flops, are constructed by feeding some of their outputs back to their inputs.
	www.wordiq.com /reference/logic+gate (210 words)

	Phased Logic Gate Implementations
		This netlist is translated to a netlist of phased logic gates that operate correctly without a global clock.
		For barrier gates that implement synchronous functions, the output must be set to a particular value (set or reset) during reset, this implies "set" or "clear" type inputs, or a "reset value" input, in addition to the reset.
		The focus of the work done at Union is to investigate PL gate designs that optimize power and performance, to verify gate designs, and to develop new gate designs for token flow control and phase multiplication and division.
	doc.union.edu /PL (608 words)

	Citations: Almost any quantum logic gate is universal - Lloyd (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The proofs for universality of two qubit gates rely on two properties of a general Hamiltonian H which produces entanglement between two qubits.
		BMP 99] have recently shown that the set consisting of a Hadamard gate, a c NOT gate, and a phase rotation gate of angle =4 is universal.
		We can define the depth of this circuit as the number of layers, where each layer consists of gates operating on mutually disjoint sets of qubits; that is, each qubit interacts with at most one other qubit at a time.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/31698/0 (1495 words)

	Digital Logic
		Logic example, you can see that in order to get light through the house: the left-front door OR the right-front door (or both) must be Open.
		A NOT or Inversion is usually indicated by a Bubble, on either the input or the output of a logic gate symbol.
		The convention (which is not always adhered to) is that a POSITIVE Gate Inversion is indicated by a bubble on the output, and with Negative logic the bubble is at the input.
	www.williamson-labs.com /480_logic.htm (658 words)

	PhysicsWeb - Quantum logic gate lights up
		Classical computers deal with binary logic and the bits being processed must be either "0" or "1".
		In particular they showed that the quantum-dot system behaves like a controlled-NOT gate in which the value of one qubit is reversed (the NOT operation) if - and only if - the value of the other qubit is 1.
		Although it will not be possible to scale up the system, the group says that many of the ideas and techniques they have developed could be useful in other approaches to quantum computing based on the optical control of electron-spin qubits in quantum dots.
	www.physics.lsa.umich.edu /nea/news/articles/August03/logic.htm (462 words)

	Logic gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Warwick university's very own logic society whos aim is to increase and stimulate interest in logic and philosophy of logic at the university.
		Institute of Logic and the Philosophy of Science, Leipzig - Substructural and non-classical logics, modal logic, proof-theoretic semantics, philosophy of logic, philosophy of language.
		Infinitary Logic is a branch of formal logic where finitary formulae are replaced by potentially infinitary mathematical entities.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Discrete_logic (4252 words)

	Logic gate - InformationBlast
		Nikola Tesla first filed the patents on an AND logic gate in 1899.
		Claude E. Shannon introduced the use of Boolean algebra in the analysis and design of switching cicuits in 1937.
		For instance, in a voltage representation the most common convention is positive logic, where the more positive voltage level is taken to represent a logical one.
	www.informationblast.com /Logic_gate.html (856 words)

	The Goldfish Online
		I had suspected that there would be a large number of logic devices using mechanic principals, but a search for mechanical logic devices didn't get many hits.
		I originally considered using a clockwise rotation of an axle for logical 1 and anti-clockwise rotation for logical 0.
		The natural follow on from these is clocked logic, half and full adders and ultimately a genuine "computer" device.
	goldfish.ikaruga.co.uk /logic.html (421 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Boolean Logic Works"
		There are three, five or seven simple gates that you need to learn about, depending on how you want to count them (you will see why in a moment).
		The final two gates that are sometimes added to the list are the XOR and XNOR gates, also known as "exclusive or" and "exclusive nor" gates, respectively.
		Since there is a well-understood symbol for XOR gates, it is generally easier to think of XOR as a "standard gate" and use it in the same way as AND and OR in circuit diagrams.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /boolean1.htm (571 words)

	Interactive Web Database, Information Management - GATE Find4Me (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		GATE provides flexibilty by allowing you to search database based on hyperlink selections, form submissions or simply because a page was loaded.
		GATE has a built in database abstraction layer that allows 3rd party databases to be integrated right into GATE itself.
		GATE naturally limits corruption to the record being written, but enough corruption will cause various portions of the database to be unaccessable.
	gate.cookware.com /cw_find4me.html (18597 words)

	logic gate, twisted molecule, cardiac - Elemental Discoveries - 01/98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We still seem to be quite some way from a real chemical computer but the same team has recently taken an important step forward in the development of their molecular AND gate they have made it fully digital.
		de Silva's team built their logical molecule from a crown ether - a ring of alternating oxygen and carbon atoms - the sodium detector - and a fluorescent anthracene unit that can bind a hydrogen ion acting as the second input.
		Their previous attempt on the AND gate illustrated the principles explains AP but was not entirely successful because only a weak output signal was produced.
	www.sciencebase.com /jan98_iss.html (1229 words)

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