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Topic: Logical conditional

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	ANSI and GNU Common Lisp Document - Dynamic Control of the Arrangement of Output (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each conditional newline defines two sections (one before it and one after it) and is associated with a third (the section immediately containing it).
		The section before a conditional newline consists of: all the output back to, but not including, (a) the previous conditional newline that is immediately contained in the same logical block; or if (a) is not applicable, (b) the beginning of the immediately containing logical block.
		's, the second and third conditional newlines are immediately contained in the section before the fourth conditional newline, and the fourth conditional newline is immediately contained in the section after the first conditional newline.
	www.cs.queensu.ca /software_docs/gnudev/gcl-ansi/gcl_1250.html (386 words)

	Logical conditional: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Logical conditional Logical conditional In logical calculus of mathematics,...is a binary logical operator connecting two statements, if p then q where p is a hypothesis...(φ ∨ ψ), (φ → χ), and (ψ → χ), we may infer χ....
		T The only difference from logical conditional is the case when the hypothesis is false but the conclusion...Intuitively, the logical operator works the same as the common English word and.
		...Logical conditional Logical conditional In logical calculus of mathematics,...is a binary logical operator connecting two statements, if p then q where p is a hypothesis...is used to indicate definitions, since definitions are supposed to be universally quantified...
	www.encyclopedian.com /ma/Material-implication.html (262 words)

	Material conditional - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In logic, the material conditional is a binary truth function ⊃ from truth-values to truth-values.
		The material conditional is also commonly referred to as material implication with the understanding that the antecedent (X) materially implies the consequent (Y).
		A distant approximation to the material conditional is the English construction 'if...then...', where the ellipses are to be filled with English sentences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logical_conditional (509 words)

	27.3. Dynamic Control of the Arrangement of Output
		If a logical block is broken up into a number of subsections by fill-style conditional newlines the basic effect is that the logical block is printed with as many subsections as possible on each line.
		When a line break is inserted by any type of conditional newline any blanks that immediately precede the conditional newline are omitted from the output and indentation is introduced at the beginning of the next line.
		If any of the three preceding conditions occurs the indicated output is printed on stream-symbol and the body is skipped along with the printing of the prefix and suffix.
	www.oopweb.com /LISP/Documents/cltl/Volume/node256.html (2713 words)

	SheerPower® 4GL A Guide to the SheerPower Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Conditional expressions are created by using either relational or logical operators.
		Logical operators are usually used on integers or expressions which yield an integer result such as conditional expressions.
		If a logical operator is used on a real expression, the expression is rounded and the resulting integer value is operated upon.
	www.ttinet.com /doc/sp4gl/sheerpower_012.html (1214 words)

	Conditional Statements and Material Implication
		By convention the first part of the conditional is termed the antecedent (also less often called the "implicans" or the "protasis"), and the second part of the conditional is the consequent (less often termed the "implicate" or "apodosis").
		Suppose we have the conditional statement, "If the match is struck, the match lights." By the above truth table, if we do not strike the match and the match lights, then the conditional would be false.
		Logical Conditional, a brief authoritative summary of conditionals and related concepts.
	philosophy.lander.edu /logic/conditional.html (829 words)

	Operators
		Bitwise operators takes two bit patterns of equal length, and produces another one of the same length by matching up corresponding bits (the first of each; the second of each; and so on) and performing the logical operation And, Or or Xor on each pair of corresponding bits.
		It's advisable to enclose a condition in parentheses.
		Logical operators will return 1 (True) if the statement is true, or 0 if (False).
	www.speqmath.com /usersguide/operators.html (290 words)

	Viviane Durand-Guerrier
		So, although propositional logic seems to be a rather arbitrary system, classical inference rules are legitimated with such logically valid conditionals; then it is a theory for valid inference, which is, according to Quine (1950) the main purpose of logic in her application to Sciences.
		So, for the teacher, the conditional statement is clearly the Russell's generalized conditional, and in the sentences number four to six, X is a quantified variable, which is not the case in the sentence three for which they expect the answer "CAN'T TELL".
		So it is not necessary to teach logic to young children; however it is necessary that teachers know enough logic to be able to analyze the reasoning processes playing in the classroom, and to build relevant situations for their pupils.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Info/People/gries/symposium/durand.htm (5322 words)

	CLHS: Section 22.2.1.1
		The actions of the pretty printer when a piece of output is too large to fit in the space available can be precisely controlled.
		Logical blocks nested within the output are specified by the macro pprint-logical-block.
		Conditional newline positions are specified by calls to pprint-newline.
	www.lispworks.com /documentation/HyperSpec/Body/22_baa.htm (353 words)

	Supporting English Acquisition
		However, notice the relationship between the condition and the "consequence" when the above sentences are expressed using the conjunction
		However, the second two sentences express "negative conditions," which students (and teachers) must be particularly careful with.
		The complexity of such relationships and the associated sentence structures can be a significant problem for deaf students in both reading comprehension and written expression.
	www.rit.edu /~seawww/expressinglogical/el07conditional.html (227 words)

	Math Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The goal of this unit is to teach concepts in math logic including sentences and statements, logical connectors, conditional and biconditional statements, and equivalence and tautologies.
		To identify the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement.
		To construct a truth table for a compound statement to determine whether or not it is a tautology.
	www.mathgoodies.com /lessons/toc_vol9.html (451 words)

	Logical Conditional Element (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Removing a rule that generated logical support for a pattern entity, removes the logical support generated by that rule (but does not cause the removal of the pattern entity if no logical support remains).
		As mentioned in section 5.4.1.7, the logical CE can be used with an object pattern to create pattern entities which are logically dependent on changes to specific slots in the matching instance(s) rather than all slots.
		This cannot be accomplished with template facts because a change to a template fact slot actually involves the retraction of the old template fact and the assertion of a new one, whereas a change to an instance slot is done in place.
	www.csie.ntu.edu.tw /~sylee/courses/clips/bpg/node5.4.8.html (447 words)

	JavaScript Values, Expressions, and Operators
		If condition is true, the expression has the value of val1, Otherwise it has the value of val2.
		The logical "not" operator is a unary operator that negates its operand expression expr.
		A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a logical value based on whether the comparison is true or not.
	tinf2.vub.ac.be /~dvermeir/java/java_script/expr.html (1353 words)

	Lowter: Too Easy JavaScript - Control Structures [3]
		Conditional operators serve as a shortcut for if...else statements.
		The choice of using the conditional operator is your own, but make sure to well comment your code to make up for the shortcut.
		Logical operators are used alongside the conditional operators to create more complex logical operations.
	www.lowter.com /articles/221 (737 words)

	conditionals.html
		Thus, although all conditions contain by definition an element of doubt, the indicative mood is employed to express a relative degree of certainty, while the subjunctive mood is used for cases in which the outcome is either less certain or totally precluded by past or present circumstances.
		Conditional Sentences using the indicative mood and expressing a likely result are often referred to as Logical Conditional Sentences.
		In Future Conditions, the perfect tense may be substituted in the protasis in order to convey a sense of completion relative to the action of the apodosis.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~struck/classes/latin309/syntax/conditional.html (1112 words)

	Retrieving a Subset of Rows: Compound Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The conditions illustrated in the previous section are called simple conditions because each involves a single comparison.
		You combine conditions using the logical operators AND, OR, or NOT to connect conditional expressions.
		As with simple conditional expressions, the evaluation of a compound condition is either true or false, with true resulting in retrieval of a row and false resulting in no retrieval.
	www.thunderstone.com /site/texisman/node40.html (123 words)

	Raining Data - Online Technical Manual
		In logical (conditional) expressions, the "eq" symbol is an alternative to the "=" sign.
		The array element on the left side of the "=" sign is assigned the current value of the variable, "name".
		If the value of the variable "answer" is "quit", the expression evaluates to "true" and the statement following the "then" condition is executed.
	www.rainingdata.com /support/techpubs/0956head.html (113 words)

	Help: Conditional Expressions
		The commands DO (when used with the UNTIL or WHILE keyword), IF, IFF/ELSEIFF, and the variable function @IF evaluate a conditional expression, and perform a different action based on whether or not the expression is TRUE.
		Most of the examples below use the IF command, but conditional expressions could be used in the other cases above as well.
		Test conditions are always scanned from left to right – there is no implied order of precedence, as there is in some programming languages.
	www.jpsoft.com /help/conditionalexpressions.htm (1456 words)

	Writing C# Expressions
		The conditional logical operators operate much the same way as the Boolean logical operators with one exception in behavior: Once the first expression is evaluated and found to satisfy the results of the entire expression, the second expression is not evaluated.
		When using conditional AND and conditional OR operators, make sure a program does not depend upon evaluation of the right-hand side of the expression, because it may not be evaluated.
		A compound operator is a combination of the assignment operator and an arithmetic operator, bitwise logical operator, or Boolean logical operator.
	www.csharphelp.com /archives/archive169.html (4170 words)

	Conditional Global Variables – ExpressionEngine Documentation
		Logical operators have a precedence that determines in what order the parts of a conditional are parsed.
		Like PHP, you can use parentheses to group parts of a conditional together to have the part of the conditional between the parentheses evaluate before being compared to the part of the conditional outside the parentheses.
		All of the member variables may be used in conditionals with the addition of the prefix "logged_in_".
	eedocs.pmachine.com /templates/globals/conditionals.html (981 words)

	Geekpedia • Programming tutorial (printer friendly) Introducing operators
		Logical operators are similar to the comparison operators, and comparison operators are usually used with logical operators.
		Logical operators compare the result of an expression and return ‘true’ or ‘false’.
		The simplest logical operator is the NOT (or negation) operator.
	www.geekpedia.com /prog_ttrls_print.php?id=23 (2137 words)

	TWO NEW TOOLS FOR MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY WITH APPLICATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		PI is even more obviously theory-oriented because (A←B) is the set/event analog of the logical conditional (or logical implication) a←b defined as ~(a ^ ~b) which reduces to ~a V b where ~ is negation (not), ^ is conjunction (and), V is disjunction (or).
		Logic is more theory-oriented than data-oriented and is fundamental to mathematics and thereby to quantitative sciences, at least in the above deductive forms with a, b propositions.
		This is also partly due to the fact that conditional probability as above is interpreted as the probability of B given (or fixing) A, that is to say with A fixed or constant, for example the probability of some result given the data.
	www.sociology.org /content/2005/tier1/doctorow.html (1432 words)

	Amazon.com: Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking: Books: D.Q. Mcinerny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		McInerny recommends that people hone their logical thinking skills by using them in real life situations, but perhaps one of the best ways his audience can learn to clearly express their views is by examining the crisp, articulate writing in this slender but richly informative guide.
		Being logical presupposes our having a sensitivity to language and a knack for its effective use, for logic and language are inseparable.
		this primer on informal logic is fairly good, and it's worth reading, but there are a few places wherein the logic is a little bit sloppy, but again, overall it is worth the price and it does have generally helpful concepts.
	www.amazon.com /Being-Logical-Guide-Good-Thinking/dp/0812971159 (2284 words)

	39 Extensionals: Features, Oppositions, Eductions
		In extensional conditionals, it is the (general, singular or particular) quantity which expresses the (extensional) necessity, existence or possibility of the relationship, so that it is essential to the relation.
		The connection, for general conditionals, is a general denial of the conjunction of the antecedent modality with the negation of the consequent modality.
		Once the similarities between extensional conditioning, and natural or temporal conditioning, are understood, all their attributes and properties can be predicted by analogy, if only we switch our focus to the appropriate modal type.
	www.thelogician.net /2_future_logic/2_chapter_39.htm (3821 words)

	[No title]
		As noted earlier, however, there are a number of important differences between the syllogistic logic we have studied so far and symbolic logic, which will be our concern for the remander of the logic component of this course.
		Thus the logical form of this proposition is a negation.
		In every logic course I have ever given--and this often happens on examinations!--someone misreads a proposition such as "He will be acquitted if he has a good lawyer" by reversing antecedent and consequent.
	condor.depaul.edu /~mlarrabe/logic/wk6b.htm (1106 words)

	Sample Chapter from Faster Smarter Beginning Programming by Jim Buyens
		Logical operators work strictly with Boolean (that is, True/False) operands.
		The fact that Not, And, Or, and Xor are logical operators in some situations and bitwise operators in others can be confusing, especially if you get in the habit of coding numeric values where Visual Basic.NET expects Boolean ones.
		Logical operators manipulate the results of one or two Boolean expressions.
	www.microsoft.com /mspress/books/sampchap/6189.aspx (5739 words)

	Java Operators with Primitives and Objects > Bitwise and Logical Operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The term logical expression refers to an expression in which all of the operands can be reduced to boolean primitives.
		However, the conditional operators check the value of the left operand first and do not evaluate the right operand if it is not needed to determine the logical result.
		These conditional logical operators, also known as short circuit logical operators, are used frequently in Java programming.
	www.samspublishing.com /articles/article.asp?p=101368&seqNum=5 (1449 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The logical conditional element provides a truth maintenance capability for pattern entities (facts or instances) created by rules which use the logical CE.
		The pattern entities matching the LHS logical patterns provide logical support to the facts and instance created by the RHS of the rule.
		If a pattern entity is created without logical support (e.g., from a deffacts, definstaces, as a top-level command, or from a rule without any logical patterns), then the pattern entity has unconditional support.
	scalab.uc3m.es /~docweb/ia/CLIPS_REFERENCIA/5.4.8_Logical_Conditional_Element.html (427 words)

	logic
		A true conditional is a conditional statement that leads to a true conclusion.
		In other words, if the conditional statement is true then the conclusion of the statement must be true to be a true conditional.
		A reverse conditional is when the "if" and the "then" parts of a conditional are switched to form a new statement, which also is a conditional statement, and can be called the converse of the original statement.
	www.efn.org /~kinne/geogirls/info/logic.html (857 words)

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