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Topic: Logical connective

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	Logical connective - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In logic, a logical connective is a syntactic operation on sentences, or the symbol for such an operation, that corresponds to a logical operation on the logical values of those sentences.
		Logical operators are implemented as logic gates in digital circuits.
		The "logical equivalence" of "NAND alone", "NOR alone", and "NOT and AND" is similar to Turing equivalence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Connective (550 words)

	logic - definition by dict.die.net
		This involves the formalisation of logical arguments and proofs in terms of symbols representing propositions and logical connectives.
		Symbolic logic uses a meta-language concerned with truth, which may or may not have a corresponding expression in the world of objects called existance.
		In symbolic logic, arguments and proofs are made in terms of symbols representing propositions and logical connectives.
	dict.die.net /logic (540 words)

	Logical value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In logic and mathematics, a logical value, also called a truth value, is a value indicating to what extent a proposition is true.
		In classical logic, the only possible truth values are true and false.
		However, other values are possible in other logics: fuzzy logic and other forms of multi-valued logic use more truth values than simply true and false.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Truth_value (183 words)

	Logical Constants
		On this conception, logic is useful for the guidance and criticism of reasoning about any subject whatsoever—natural or artefactual, animate or inanimate, abstract or concrete, normative or descriptive, sensible or merely conceptual—because it is intimately connected somehow with the very conditions for thought or reasoning.
		Prior's (1960) example of a connective "tonk" whose rules permit inferring anything from anything is sometimes invoked as a decisive refutation of the idea that the senses of logical constants are fixed by their introduction and elimination rules.
		On their view, logic is concerned with validity simpliciter, not just validity that holds in virtue of a limited set of "logical forms." The logician's method for studying validity is to classify arguments by their forms, but these forms (and the logical constants that in part define them) are logic's tools, not its subject matter.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/logical-constants (11805 words)

	[No title]
		The meaning of the formulae and the justification of the rules are not part of the calculus and may not be relied upon in calculations.
		(logical) connectives words, such as "and","or", "if...then..", etc., that are used to connect atomic propositions in a compound one.
		implication the logical connective represented as "if...then..." or by an arrow ->.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Teaching/Courses/MathComp/logic/thes.html (1140 words)

	Chapter 1 Logical Connectives
		If a logical connective comes at the beginning of a clause, it is followed by a comma (pause).
		If a logical connective comes at the end of a clause, it is sometimes preceded by a comma (pause).
		If a logical connective comes between two main clauses, the clauses must be joined with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a coordinate connective to prevent a run-on sentence.
	homepage.mac.com /billgreene1/cgreene/logical.html (534 words)

	Phenomenon of Science: Chap. 6
		Aristotelian logic can express the concept of the aggregate of objects which are in a given relation, but it has no means for expressing the concept of the relation as such.
		In relation to Aristotelian logic, Hegel's dialectic acted as a destructive force-and not just because of its ''general'' revolutionary nature but also because it pointed out the many contradictions that arise when a description of phenomena which demands the language of relations is squeezed into the narrow framework of the language of attributes.
		When we say that "reddish-brown' is a one-place predicate, ''killed'' is a two-place predicate, ''distance'' is a function, ''and" is a logical connective, ''all'' is a quantifier, and so on, we are performing a semantic analysis of the concepts expressed in natural language.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /POS/Turchap6.html (7291 words)

	CHAPTER FOUR - THE LOGICAL SUFFIXES OF THE AYMARA LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although the logic of these paragraphs by Bertonio is not remarkable, one can at least be certain that the learned linguist gave a great deal of thought to the logical meaning of "sa" and "spalla" and identified them as adversative suffixes, as they were extremely useful in his religious mission.
		Connective statements in Aymara differ from those to which we are accustomed(sic) in that in the Qoya language the simple statements which make up the proposition must be modal, i.e, include a modal suffix.
		Following the method of logical analysis outlined in the preceding section, the kimsakus for the functors generated by the various logical suffixes of Aymara were obtained from the logical meaning of the statements to be analyzed.
	www.aymara.org /biblio/igr/igr4.html (12107 words)

	Citations: The Cardinality Operator: A New Logical Connective and Its Application to Constraint Logic Programming - Van ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The representation of CCSPs as explicit binary CSP constraints and the cost of that representation is examined in section 2.
		Each of these variables ranges between 1 and S Gamma S i 1 where S is the size of the master square and S i is the size of square i.
		Logical connectives (prefixed with #) can also be used freely in cc(FD) and are interpreted as abbreviations for cardinality formulas.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/413853/0 (1254 words)

	Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, because logic is nearly always presented linguistically, an understanding of the mechanisms of cognition and language is required for an accurate account of logical performance.
		The development of logical reasoning is inextricably tied to the development of language because connectives such as AND, OR, and NOT have both a logical and conversational meaning.
		We know that children's logical reasoning performance improves across development within three areas of abilities: (a) to represent logical statements, (b) to evaluate evidence, and (c) to determine when evidence is necessary.
	www.gvsu.edu /psych/index.cfm?id=24E89DD2-9271-A5AC-20F9E6D17D59651C (1477 words)

	WoLLIC'99 - Title and Abstract of Invited Talks
		The guiding idea is that a logical connective should be homogeneous and local, that is, it should behave similarly on similar structures and its global behavior should be locally determined.
		A logical connective should operate on truth values, that is, sections of \mbox{\boldmath $\Omega$}, in such a way that it is uniformly defined on the set of sections (homogeneous) and respects restriction in this sheaf (local).
		Section 4 is devoted to the classification of connectives in the categories of cHa's, complete Boolean algebras, sober topological spaces and topological spaces in general.
	www.di.ufpe.br /~wollic/wollic99/abstracts.html (1232 words)

	[No title]
		gai PA2 hex digit C digit/number: hex digit C (decimal 12) [twelve] ganai GA* fore only if logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if (with gi) gau BAI with active agent gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent...
		logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question je'o BY1 Hebrew shift shift letterals to Hebrew alphabet je'u UI3 truth discursive: truth - falsity (cf.
		logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question ji'a UI3b in addition discursive: additionally (cf.
	www.lojban.org /publications/wordlists/cmavo.txt (5275 words)

	Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 14
		The fundamentals of ordinary logic (there are variant logics, which aren't addressed in this book) include the notions of a “sentence”, (sometimes called a “statement” or “proposition”), which asserts a truth or falsehood, and a small set of “truth functions”, which combine two sentences to create a new sentence.
		This rule is true in general for every different kind of logical connection in Lojban; all of them, with one exception (see Section 12), can always be transformed into a logical connection between sentences that expresses the same truth function.
		In logical terms, however, “but” is the same as “and”; the difference is that the sentence after a “but” is felt to be in tension or opposition to the sentence before it.
	xahlee.org /lojban/hrefgram/chapter14.html (12453 words)

	Vocabulary
		logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if
		logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question
		logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker
	ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/lessvocab.html (1247 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Two SL-sentences are logically equivalent if the values under their main connectives in the truth table are exactly the same.
		A sentence that is neither logically true nor logically false s said to be logically indeterminate (or contingent).
		The set is consistent if there is a row in the truth table which has a T under the main connective of every sentence in the set.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/muralir/philr/philrlogic3.doc (337 words)

	Sau La Lodtua: 94/3
		The logical problem posed by respectively is still unsolved, in spite of the introduction of ordered lists; ordered lists are only part of a solution the final form of which is not yet clear.
		The same effect can be achieved with logically connected arguments (in fact, arguments connected with and and or can be thought of as expressing implicit universal and existential quantification (respectively) over finite sets).
		One solution, foreshadowed in the approach of (1d), is to introduce a new series of logical connectives, constructing non-designating arguments with different distribution rules than those of the conventional logical connectives.
	www.loglan.org /Lodtua/lodtua-94-3.html (1789 words)

	logic - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		The study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning.
		n 1: the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference 2: reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic" 3: the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war" 4: a system of reasoning [syn: logical system, system of logic]
		logical arguments and proofs in terms of symbols
	dictionary.reference.com /search?q=logic (432 words)

	[No title]
		intervals in non-logical connectives; include boundaries ke'i GAhO exclusive interval open interval bracket marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; exclude boundaries ge'u GEhU end GOI elidable terminator: end relative/modal phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases ne GOI incidental phrase non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with...
		logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conn question je'i JA tanru conn ?
		logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question ge'i GA fore conn ?
	satirist.org /lojban/cilre/flash/cmavo (806 words)

	No Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A logic program is a set of Horn clauses, each containing exactly one positive literal (and zero or more negative literals).
		But much of the power of logic programming derives from the fact that resolution can be generalized to effectively handle clauses with variables.
		A discussion of these aspects of logical programming is beyond the scope of this course.
	www.cs.sunysb.edu /~cse113/ref/lecture6/lecture6.html (1118 words)

	Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 10
		That system is a separate topic, explained in Chapter 14 and touched on only in summary here.
		To say that Terry strokes the cat and later strokes the rabbit, we can combine a logical connective with a tense connective by placing the logical connective first, then the tense, and then the cmavo “bo”, thus:
		Examples 17.4 through 17.6, there is also a form of tensed logical connective with “ke...
	xahlee.org /lojban/hrefgram2/c10-s17.html (555 words)

	Raymond Jennings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		My particular interest in modal logic is in its applications to the problems of information extraction from inconsistent data; in deontic logic to representations of consequentialist policy determination strategies; in conditional logic to applications in medical and industrial diagnosis.
		As may be guessed, here the subject of interest is inference, and language processing and production, particularly information storage and syntactic understanding.
		I currently supervise work in the development of early Greek logic (Ph.D.), utilitarian models for deontic logic (M.A.), the semantics of visualization (M.A./Ph.D.).
	www.sfu.ca /philosophy/jennings.htm (284 words)

	Quotable Quotes: Refuting Logic with Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		[L]ogical words in everyday languages like English are ambiguous, often denoting several formal logical concepts.
		The English word or can sometimes mean the logical connective OR (A or B or both) and can sometimes mean the logical connective XOR (exclusive A or B but not both).
		But as implied in the quotation above, logic based on language doesn't necessarily lead to a logical conclusion.
	quotes.edonn.com /archives/000219.php (153 words)

	main operator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When a compound statement expresses more than one relationship between the truth values of individual statements, then more than one logical connective will be used.
		is the connective that expresses the main relationship of the sentence.
		The main connective ties all of the sentence elements together.
	www.csulb.edu /~cwallis/170/mainop.html (251 words)

	Why didn't I think of that before? More connectives
		First, we consider forethought connectives: these are used to identify the logical relation between two terms by being placed in front of the first term, rather than in between the two.
		So if we're going to use logical connectives in Lojban, and are obligated to pull NOT!-tricks like this, the Lojban listener can understandably get frustrated.
		You still need a word separating the two terms, to show what is being logically connected; but now you know in advance what that logical connection is.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less14.html (694 words)

	ExpressDB.v200.help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The logical connective for the que ry is "and".
		Information items such as SG D information as well as gene names and feature descriptions, and the feature names used in the load file, even when they differ from those in current use, may also be selected in the second step, and selection conditions related to them may be specified in the third.
		The first option is the logical connective to be applied to all individual specified selection conditions: and or or.
	salt2.med.harvard.edu /ExpressDB/ExpressDB.v200.help.htm (5269 words)

	Language Log: Descent into the advice literature
		Both illustrate the unfortunate consequences of approaching matters of usage through (largely unarticulated) "theory", rather than by observing the practice of the relevant speakers and writers.
		While one of them advised against using "while" as a logical connective, I promptly found two such usages in the introduction to the same book.
		In the case of logical while (and its sibling, logical since), there are two supporting assumptions: that any potential for ambiguity should be avoided, and that words should be used in their historically "original" meanings.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002246.html#more (680 words)

	Non-logical connectives
		We haven't said much about sets; and because sets are fairly abstract entities, as entities go, you don't often have occasion to talk about them.
		You can use non-logical connectives in forethought mode, too: the forethought connective is the non-logical connective followed by
		Which logical or non-logical connective would you use to translate the emphasised phrases in the following sentences?
	ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less14nonlog.html (529 words)

	logic from FOLDOC
		, mathematics> A branch of philosophy and mathematics that deals with the formal principles, methods and criteria of validity of inference, reasoning and knowledge.
		Symbolic logic uses a meta-language concerned with truth, which may or may not have a corresponding expression in the world of objects called existence.
		Nearby terms: Loebner Prize « Loewenheim-Skolem theorem « logarithmus dualis « logic » logical axiom » logical complement » logical empiricist
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?logic (399 words)

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