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Topic: Logical possibility

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	Logical possibility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philosophers generally consider logical possibility to be the broadest sort of subjunctive possibility in modal logic.
		While it is logically possible for the sky to be green, it is not logically possible for the sky to be both green and not green at the same time and in the same respect.
		For example, it may be logically possible for the laws of nature to be different from what they actually are.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logical_possibility (311 words)

	Possibility theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Possibility theory is a mathematical theory for dealing with certain types of uncertainty and is an alternative to probability theory.
		Note that unlike possibility, fuzzy logic is compositional with respect to both the union and the intersection operator.
		The operators of possibility theory can be seen as a hyper-cautious version of the operators of the transferable belief model, a modern development of the theory of evidence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Possibility_theory (754 words)

	Logical Consequence, Philosophical Considerations [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The concept of logical consequence is one of those whose introduction into a field of strict formal investigation was not a matter of arbitrary decision on the part of this or that investigator; in defining this concept efforts were made to adhere to the common usage of the language of everyday life.
		Such constants are called logical constants, and we say that the logical form of a sentence is a function of the logical constants that occur in the sentence and the pattern of the remaining expressions.
		The status of the deductive-theoretic approach to logic is not clear for, as Tarski argues in his (1936), deductive-theoretic accounts are unable to reflect the fact that, according to the common concept, logical consequence is not compact.
	www.iep.utm.edu /l/logcon.htm (6498 words)

	[No title]
		It is this subset of the totality of possible worlds that is relevant to assessing the truth value of the historian's claim (i.e., her claim is false if it is true that Mary is a mother while a virgin at one of these worlds).
		The appeal to meaning assignments in the standard approach to logical possibility in first-order logic reflects the fact that possible uses for variables, individual constants, and predicates are elements of possible situations to be countenanced in fixing the extension of logical possibility.
		This makes the logical possibility of a quantification p turns on the actual use of the quantifiers occurring in p, which results in fixing the domain of quantifiers in terms of their actual use, and not subject to change from one interpretation to the next.
	www.sorites.org /Issue_04/item4.htm (5613 words)

	Logical and Causal Possibility
		P1= It is not the case that all logically possible events are causally possible.
		According to P2, since it is causally possible, my car being blue is also logically possible (logical possibility is not "indexed" to a world like causal possibility is -- if X is logically possible, then it is logically possible in any possible world).
		Since it is logically possible, there must be some possible world where it is actually the case (where it turns out to be causally possible).
	www2.drury.edu /cpanza/introreview1-2.html (547 words)

	Logical Consequence, Model-Theoretic Conceptions [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The correctness of the model-theoretic characterization of logical consequence, and the adequacy of the notion of a logical constant it utilizes are matters of contemporary debate.
		A possible interpretation of the non-logical terminology of L according to which sentences are true or false is a reading of the non-logical terms according to which the sentences receive a truth-value (i.e., are either true or false) in a situation that is not ruled out by the semantic properties of the logical constants.
		The received view of logical consequence entails that the logical consequence relation in M turns on the nature of the logical constants in the relevant M-sentences.
	www.iep.utm.edu /l/logcon-m.htm (9582 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Logical possibility is the property of not contradicting the laws of logic.
		Possible conspirators were Joseph of Arimathea and Mary Magdalene, a longtime disciple [Lk 8:2] "out of whom [Jesus] had driven seven demons" [Mk 16:9, Lk 8:2] and who (unlike any apostle) attended both the crucifixion and entombment.
		Indeed, all of the conclusions of logic are binding on all possible minds, as logic is in fact the study of valid inference.
	humanknowledge.net /HumanKnowledge.txt (17891 words)

	Zombies according to Chalmers
		If zombies were logically possible, according to Chalmers, it would entail that phenomenal consciousness shared no necessary link with physical features in the world and, by extension, that consciousness would not be explainable reductively in physical terms.
		One set of properties (b-properties) supervene logically on another set (a-properties) if no two logically possible situations are identical with respect to their a-properties but distinct with respect to their b-properties.
		Chalmers, himself, rightly argues that the metaphysical possibility of such a system is irrelevant; all that is important to his case is that it is a coherent claim to say that such a system lacks conscious experience.
	www.geocities.com /cognoscento/document/zombies.htm (3085 words)

	Philosophy, et cetera: So Many Possibilities... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I would say that a claim is epistemically possible (def) if and only if it is logically possible within our most advanced scientific theories, given the (non-law) statements we accept about the actual state of the world.
		Incidentally, given Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and the use of possible worlds in quantum mechanics, I can't think of something that is epistemically impossible and logically possible (including a person running a ten-second mile, or something travelling faster than light).
		Second, note that logical possibility is also, in a sense, the kind of absolute framework for possibility that you reject.
	pixnaps.blogspot.com /2004/09/so-many-possibilities.html (1343 words)

	[No title]
		Logical modality examines the possible truth or necessity of a proposition according to logic.
		Logical necessity evaluates the truth of a proposition for all possible circumstances.
		The logical expression asserts that the proposition is compatible with the laws of logic, and is not necessarily false, regardless of whether or not the proposition is in fact true.
	www.ku.edu /~pyersqr/Ling331/Kearns3.htm (3845 words)

	Categories and Logical Forms in Kant's Metaphysical Deduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since transcendental logic is concerned with such an a priori origin, it could not by limited only to the analytical study of pure relations between judgmental forms and of abstracting formal logical rules from such relations.
		Since transcendental logic is the investigation of the necessary condition of possibility of logical forms, and since Kant has already spelled out the logical forms in the Table, it is natural to assume that there has to be an account of the necessary condition of possibility of the Table itself.
		The distinction between transcendental and general logic figures essentially in the relation, since the task of transcendental logic is to seek the justifying origin for the role of general logic as a source of rational knowledge.
	pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th /~hsoraj/web/Kant.html (5585 words)

	Some thoughts on Omnipotence as Logical Possibility
		Although it is true that both "x and ~x" are possible by definition, one cannot therefore deduce that both are possible as actualities at the same time and in the same respect.
		The bottom line logically, however, is that one cannot deduce from the fact that x is possible and that ~x is possible, that the actuality of both at the same time is possible.
		It is not meant to be a proof for omnipotence, and much less for theism, then a beginning of a discussion that might lead towards a discussion of the oneness and the manyness of being and resolving some of the classical paradoxes that those who have critiqued theism accuse it of supporting.
	www.geocities.com /jsmacdonaldjr/omnipotence.html (1524 words)

	Mathematical Scepticism: the Cartesian Approach
		In the escalation of "dogmatic"[6] beliefs and sceptical doubts, the logical possibility of (DA) can override the contingent truth of any type of empirical knowledge, but is still defeated by the logical necessity of mathematical knowledge, though in a sense that will have to be carefully clarified in a moment.
		The first three arguments show that one-to-one logically consistent counterfactuals are constructible: given P, a corresponding benchmark shows that it is always logically possible to wonder whether ¬ P may be the case.
		In this case, what is still theoretically constructible—what is still conceivable as logically possible, at least according to Descartes—is a metaphysical hypothesis that can act as the premise of a logically possible inference to the effect that no logically necessary truth is ever absolutely reliable.
	www.wolfson.oxford.ac.uk /~floridi/ms.htm (13865 words)

	particularism.html
		In my view it is possible, although extremely unlikely, that somone could respond to the Light which is available to all people and receive salvation.
		It is for this reason that it is on the one hand logically possible to receive salvation through Jesus in the way He enlightens every person, yet it remains preferable to defend and share the gospel with as many people as possible.
		This logical possibility seems to be permitted by the text, however, I am hesitant to express certainty on whether or not this how God works.
	apologetics.johndepoe.com /particularism.html (2029 words)

	[No title]
		We often say that something is possible "in principle" if we want to ignore some physical limitations that are accidental consequences of physical laws.
		For example, it is possible, in principle, to make a material with a yield-strength a million times that of steel.
		In contrast, it is not possible, even in principle, to know at the same time both the position and momentum of an electron to better than the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle.
	www.supersaturated.com /journal/tom/2000-11-17:14:52.html (1125 words)

	Game Theory
		Hobbes pushes the logic of this argument to a very strong conclusion, arguing that it implies not only a government with the right and the power to enforce cooperation, but an ‘undivided’ government in which the arbitrary will of a single ruler must impose absolute obligation on all.
		If the possibility of departures from rationality is taken seriously, then we have an argument for eliminating weakly dominated strategies: Player I thereby insures herself against her worst outcome, s2-t2.
		If there is even a remote possibility that a player may make a mistake—that her ‘hand may tremble’—then no contradiction is introduced by a player's using a backward induction argument that requires the hypothetical assumption that another player has taken a path that a rational player could not choose.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/game-theory (20520 words)

	Menorrhagia: Overlooked Causes of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
		The EDS diagnosis provided a logical reason for my bleeding problems, and perhaps those of some of my female relatives, too, but it still did not provide any solutions, since EDS is considered an incurable genetic disorder.
		Perhaps this is because their vitamin K levels are decreasing along with their estrogen levels as they approach menopause, and their heavy periods are simply a sign of this increasing vitamin K deficiency.
		Checking for a vitamin K deficiency and other known causes of menorrhagia would be a logical first step consideration in the treatment of the disorder, and perhaps would help to decrease the amount of unnecessary hysterectomies done in the U.S. each year.
	www.ctds.info /menorrhagia.html (3038 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To determine if a sentence is a logical truth, it must be true in all circumstances.
		A logical possibility is always a tautological possibility but not vice versa.ó´`¨Exercise¡ þ¨ÝCreate sentences that are logically possible but are not TW-possible tautologically possible but are not logically possible not tautologically possible.
		If two sentences are logically equivalent, then they are TW-equivalent but not vice versa.ó·d¨Exercise¡ þ¨ÙCreate pairs of sentences that are TW-equivalent but are not logically equivalent, logically equivalent but are not TT-equivalent, not TT-equivalent.
	www.cs.pitt.edu /~utp/cs1502/notes/s06-logic-of-boolean-connectives.ppt (1214 words)

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