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Topic: Login spoofing

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	Spoofing
		ARP Spoofing ARP Spoofing is a skill used by IP traffic on the LAN.
		Login spoofing Login spoofing is a technique used to obtain a user's attacker.
		Spoofing attacks A spoofing attack is a computing network term that means to deprive a service by fooling someone or som...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/spoofing.html (79 words)

	G4 - Feature - What is Email Spoofing?
		Email spoofing is the practice of changing your name in email so that it looks like the email came from somewhere or someone else.
		Spoofing is generally used by spammers as a first defense against people finding out who they are.
		Spoofing can be a legitimate and helpful tool for someone with more than one email account.
	www.g4tv.com /techtvvault/features/17167/What_is_Email_Spoofing.html (219 words)

	CERT Advisory CA-1995-01 IP Spoofing Attacks and Hijacked Terminal Connections
		This description summarizes both the IP spoofing technique that can lead to root access on a system and the tool that intruders are using to take over open terminal and login connections after they get root access.
		If the IP spoofing attack has succeeded on one of your systems, you may get a log entry on the victim machine showing a remote access; on the apparent source machine, there will be no corresponding entry for initiating that remote access.
		The best method of preventing the IP spoofing problem is to install a filtering router that restricts the input to your external interface (known as an input filter) by not allowing a packet through if it has a source address from your internal network.
	www.cert.org /advisories/CA-1995-01.html (3075 words)

	Login spoofing
		Login spoofing is a technique used to obtain a user's password.
		Users should be instructed to report login prompts that appear without having pressed this secure attention key.
		Login spoofing can be considered a form of social engineering.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/login_spoofing (208 words)

	Secure attention key - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The secure attention key is a special key combination to be entered before a login screen is presented, for example Control-Alt-Delete for Windows, Control-Alt-Pause or the SysRq K sequence for Linux, or Control-X Control-R for AIX.
		Only the kernel, which is the part of the operating system that interacts directly with the hardware, can detect whether the secure attention key has been pressed, so it cannot be intercepted by third party programs.
		The secure attention key is used to prevent login spoofing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secure_attention_key (153 words)

	Authentication Tab (Device) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Regardless of the success of the 802.1X login attempt, no new MAC authentication logins may occur on the port until 1) the link is toggled; 2) the user executes an 802.1X logout; or 3) the 802.1X session is terminated administratively.
		The user accesses the login web page where the username field is automatically filled in with the specified Guest Name.
		The user accesses the login web page, where the username field is automatically filled in with the specified Guest Name, and the password field is masked out with asterisks.
	www.enterasys.com /support/manuals/Pol_Mgr1_7-web/docs/p_tab_devauth.html (1797 words)

	The SSH (Secure Shell) Remote Login Protocol
		RFC1034] spoofing can only be used to pretend to be a host for which the attacker has the private host key.
		IP spoofing is restricted to closing a connection (by encryption, host keys, and the special random cookie).
		IP spoofing is possible for those who can hear packets going out from the server.
	java-hush.sourceforge.net /prot-1.5.html (8949 words)

	[No title]
		Description This description summarizes both the IP spoofing technique that can lead to root access on a system and the tool that intruders are using to take over open terminal and login connections after they get root access.
		Hijacking tool When the intruder attaches to an existing terminal or login connection, users may detect unusual activity, such as commands appearing on their terminal that they did not type or a blank window that will no longer respond to their commands.
		B. Prevention IP spoofing The best method of preventing the IP spoofing problem is to install a filtering router that restricts the input to your external interface (known as an input filter) by not allowing a packet through if it has a source address from your internal network.
	www.deter.com /unix/papers/cert_ip_spoof.txt (1413 words)

	[No title]
		IP source address spoofing and TCP sequence number prediction were used to gain initial access to a dis- kless workstation being used mostly as an X terminal.
		I highly recommend Steve Bellovin's paper and posts on IP spoofing, as he describes in more detail the semantics of the TCP handshake, as well as making some suggestions on how to defeat this at- tack.
		After root access had been gained via IP address spoofing, a kernel module named "tap-2.01" was compiled and installed on x-terminal: x-terminal% modstat Id Type Loadaddr Size B-major C-major Sysnum Mod Name 1 Pdrv ff050000 1000 59.
	mitnik.h1.ru /ping.htm (795 words)

	www.phrack.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		TTY spoofing is often looked at as being lame, and some don't even consider it a "hacking technique." People usually completely overlook it, and many others don't even know about it, or know HOW to do it.
		TTY spoofing is either installing a Trojan horse type program to sit and watch a certain (or multiple) tty and wait for a user to login.
		Now that you know WHAT tty spoofing is and the general idea behind WHY it works, I'll start to tell you the many ways it can be done.
	www.phrack.org /show.php?p=41&a=8 (2067 words)

	[No title]
		Spoofing often implies the misuse of a physical hardware address for some purpose other than what it is intended for.
		While other types of spoofing attacks attempt to confuse the actual source with injected information, the spoofing login attack is not intended to confuse anything.
		Spoofing login is aimed strictly at gaining authentication secrets which can be used at another time.
	developer.novell.com /research/appnotes/1997/november/06/apv.htm (7260 words)

	USENIX ;login: - Trends in Computer Attacks
		IP spoofing is the act of injecting into an IP network packets with a source address other than that assigned to the sending host.
		When attackers spoof IP packets they do not see the response packets from the target unless the attackers are attached to the same broadcast network as the host they are spoofing, or they are located somewhere along the route the packets travel back to the spoofed host.
		Smurfing is an attack that involves spoofing a number of ICMP echo (ping) packets with the victim's address as the source address and a directed broadcast address as the recipient.
	www.usenix.org /publications/login/1998-5/levy.html (2674 words)

	[No title]
		There seems to be a lot of confusion about the IP address spoofing and connection hijacking attacks described by John Markoff's 1/23/95 NYT article, and CERT advisory CA-95:01.
		IP source address spoofing and TCP sequence number prediction were used to gain initial access to a diskless workstation being used mostly as an X terminal.
		I highly recommend Steve Bellovin's paper and posts on IP spoofing, as he describes in more detail the semantics of the TCP handshake, as well as making some suggestions on how to defeat this attack.
	staff.washington.edu /dittrich/talks/agora/shimomura-25jan95.html (793 words)

	Microsoft denies spoofing is a security flaw :: Open Source, Linux News & Software :: OSDir.com
		Microsoft has denied that a spoofing technique available on its Internet Explorer browser is a security vulnerability.
		The software giant accepted the possibility that spoofing could occur on version six of IE, but rejected claims that this was a security flaw."
		Spoofing is one of the OLDEST secuity flaws
	osdir.com /Article2254.phtml (197 words)

	[No title]
		IP and/or DNS [RFC1034] spoofing can only be used to pretend to be a host for which the attacker has the private host key.
		X11 authentication spoofing works by initially sending fake (random) authentication data to the server, and interpreting the first packet sent by the X11 client after the connection has been opened.
		If encryption is not used, IP spoofing is possible for those who can hear packets going out from the server.
	www.massconfusion.com /ssh/ssh_rfc.txt (9821 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rlogin allows a user to login remotely from one host to another, and, if the target machine trusts the other, rlogin will allow the convienience of not prompting for a password.
		A 4 Z(b) ---PSH---> A [...] The attacking host spoofs her IP address to be that of the trusted host (which should still be in the death-throes of the D.O.S. attack) and sends it's connection request to port 513 on the target (1).
		At (2), the target responds to the spoofed connection request with a SYN/ACK, which will make it's way to the trusted host (which, if it could process the incoming TCP segment, it would consider it an error, and immediately send a RST to the target).
	www.networkcommand.com /docs/ipspoof.txt (2952 words)

	Knowledge?... -- IP Spoofing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		If you'd have only the slightest clue on what spoofing really is and how it is achieved, you would maybe understand how silly sounds "e-mail spoofing" (Spoofing is when attackers authenticate one machine to another by forging packets from a trusted host.
		IP and ARP are pretty much the same since they both concentrate on authenticating on a machine which runs on some type of R services (rlogin, rsh, rcp and rcmd), which specify remote hosts and users that are considered "trusted".
		So all in all it is really hard to spoof, and I hope you now realize that the name "email spoofing" is just plain dumb).
	www.voy.com /4074/6.html (1585 words)

	SecurityDocs: Exploits & Weaknesses in Password Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The login boundary is affected by three factors: the strength of the data provided by the user, the integrity of the data transmitted at the boundary, and safe communications at the boundary.
		Login guessing attacks are thwarted by configuring the operating system to limit the number of failed login attempts allowed for each user.
		A failed login attempt at an unauthorized terminal is usually not counted against the failed login threshold.
	www.securitydocs.com /library/2714 (14408 words)

	Internet Address Spoofing and Hijacked Session Attacks
		These attacks are based on the exploitation of two separate vulnerabilities: forging or spoofing the source address of IP packets and hijacking already established login sessions.
		The IP spoofing attacks are very similar to those described in section 2 of "Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite" by Steve Bellovin.
		Currently, the best defense against IP spoofing attacks is to filter packets as they enter your router from the Internet, blocking any packet that claims to have originated inside your local domain.
	ciac.llnl.gov /ciac/bulletins/f-08.shtml (1255 words)

	AusCERT - ESB-97.022 -- SNI Advisory on TCP Spoofing
		TCP sequence number prediction attacks have most commonly been implemented by opening a series of connections to the target host, and attempting to predict the sequence number which will be used next.
		Host C spoofing Host A --> Host B in.rshd We now have an established connection, the accept() call completes, and control is now passed to the in.rshd daemon.
		Knowing this sequence number, we can now send a spoofed packet without the source routing options enabled, pretending to originate from Host A, and our command will be executed.
	www.auscert.org.au /render.html?it=159 (2032 words)

	Why u shouldnt post up peoples ip address!!! -- Mile high Street Luge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Spoofing is the creation of TCP/IP packets using somebody else's IP address.
		However, IP spoofing is an integral part of many network attacks that do not need to see responses (blind spoofing).
		A > >4 Z(b) ---PSH---> A > >[...] > >The attacking host spoofs her IP address to be that of >the trusted >host (which should still be in the death-throes of the >D.O.S. attack) >and sends it's connection request to port 513 on the >target (1).
	www.voy.com /20723/18.html (6141 words)

	How to Spoof-proof Your Logins
		Another potential spoofing problem occurs because it's easy to write scripts that log in using the same user account from many different Web browsers.
		The login or the user-creation process must include logic whereby the application compares the letters drawn onto an image with some text by the user after reading the characters in the image.
		The application must protect itself from multiple-request spoofing attacks by validating the match between the captcha characters and the user's response on the client rather than on the server.
	www.devx.com /dotnet/Article/21308/1954?pf=true (2549 words)

	WordPress Support Thread: spoofing login (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hello, I have noticed the login name is stored in the cookie once you are logged in.
		Is there a way to get the current logged in user, without being worried about someone spoofing a login (without knowing the password) by changing the cookie? (I have been using get_currentuserinfo() to get the logged in user's information.
		Everything is from the database except the login.
	wordpress.org /support/rss.php?topic=20696 (72 words)

	Login Spoof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a short shell script that captures a user's login password.
		It does this by spoofing the regular login screen.
		Their password is rejected and the script ends, calling the login program, but not before emailing the login and password information to another account.
	jeays.net /files/spoof.htm (145 words)

	[No title]
		Ylonen [Page 14] Internet-Draft SSH (Secure Shell) Remote Login Protocol 15 Nov 1995 All exchange is asynchronous; either side can send at any time, and there are no acknowledgements (TCP/IP already provides reliable tran- sport, and the packet protocol protects against tampering or IP spoofing).
		The Ylonen [Page 28] Internet-Draft SSH (Secure Shell) Remote Login Protocol 15 Nov 1995 server then responds with success if access was granted, or failure if the client gave a wrong response.
		o IP spoofing is restricted to closing a connection (by encryp- tion, host keys, and the special random cookie).
	www.watersprings.org /pub/id/draft-ylonen-ssh-protocol-00.txt (9634 words)

	spoofing login « WordPress Support
		I have noticed the login name is stored in the cookie once you are logged in.
		Is there a way to get the current logged in user, without being worried about someone spoofing a login (without knowing the password) by changing the cookie?
		Oh, I found wp_login() I think that works.
	wordpress.org /support/topic/20696 (138 words)

	Gadget Trail » Do It Yourself Caller ID Spoofing
		Spoofing Caller ID information is really simple these days.
		Spoofing Caller ID using a NuFone account certainly violates their Terms of Service and will probably get your account suspended or terminated.
		There may also be other legal issues with spoofing Caller ID, but I’m not a lawyer.
	www.gadgettrail.com /2005/01/06/do-it-yourself-caller-id-spoofing (418 words)

	Tsutomu's January 25 Post to Usenet
		The apparent purpose of these probes was to determine if there might be some kind of trust relationship amongst these systems which could be exploited with an IP spoofing attack.
		The spoofing machine now has a one-way connection to x-terminal.shell which appears to be from server.login.
		After root access had been gained via IP address spoofing, a kernel module named "tap-2.01" was compiled and installed on x-terminal:
	www.takedown.com /coverage/tsu-post.html (959 words)

	mikx - browser security research
		It can display any real login website in a frameset (that looks like a frameless page) and works as a "man-in-the-middle" attack when the user submits his login data.
		It is in most cases transparent, meaning the login process isn't interrupted at all (if the server accepts the form data as GET).
		The NoScript Version is a little limited: you can focus the underlying "real" login forms when clicking exactly on their border and there is currently no forward to do the login after the data got phished (it's possible using a server side header redirect but not implemented).
	www.mikx.de /index.php?p=2 (501 words)

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