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Topic: Loiasis

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	First Assist Health - powered by medicdirect.co.uk
		Loiasis is infection caused by a filarial worm, loa loa.
		Loiasis is found in West and Central Africa, and in fact the skin swellings that occur in this infection are named calabar swellings after a town in eastern Nigeria.
		Loiasis is diagnosed on the basis of recent travel to a high risk area, and the presence of microfilariae in day time blood samples.
	fa.medicdirect.co.uk /clinics/default.asp?step=4&pid=2232 (633 words)

	Loiasis -
		Loa loa filariasis (also loiasis and African eyeworm) is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm, loa loa filaria.
		Human loiasis geographical distribution is restricted to the rain forest and swamp forest areas of West Africa, being especially common in Cameroon and on the Ogowe River.
		Episodic angioedema (Calabar swellings) in the arms and legs, caused by immune reactions are common.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-L/Loiasis.html (694 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource
		The most common and characteristic findings in loiasis are Calabar swellings, which are focal regions of angioedema, usually located in the extremities.
		A membranous glomerulonephritis, which is probably immune mediated, occurs in many individuals, with hematuria and proteinuria in 22% of patients with loiasis.
		Loiasis may be one cause of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter26/clinical11.htm (279 words)

	IISMAS onlus - Letture Scientifiche
		One of the most frequent filariases in Africa is loiasis, or loaiasis, responsible for a large number of nematode infestations on that continent, where it represents a major public health problem, together with O.volvulus and M. perstans infestation4.
		A diagnosis of loiasis was made and treatment with albendazole was started and doses were increased from 50 to 400 mg/d for 1 week and 600mg/d for the following 21 days, in combination with betamethasone 2 mg/d.
		A diagnosis of loiasis should always to be considered in patients from endemic areas who complaining of pruritus symptoms that do not relate to allergies, difficult social conditions or housing problems.
	www.iismas.it /letture/loasis.htm (2382 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Loiasis
		Human loiasis in a Cameroonian village: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial of a three-day albendazole regimen.
		Because of the life-threatening, post-treatment reactions that have occurred in patients with loiasis treated with ivermectin, evaluation of a short-course albendazole regimen was undertaken in a Loa-endemic region of Cameroon.
		Loiasis, caused by the filarial parasite Loa loa, is endemic in West and Central Africa.
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Loiasis (879 words)

	Loiasis
		Loiasis is prevalent in West and Central Africa...
		Human loiasis is confined to the rain forest and swamp forest areas of West Africa.
		Loiasis is caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa which is transmitted to humans by...
	www.eastcairn.com /Diseases/loiasis.html (450 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		Of patients with confirmed loiasis, ~10-20% (both natives of and visitors to endemic areas) experience migration of the adult worm across the conjunctiva, i.e., so-called "eyeworm".
		Immunologic correlates of the hyperresponsive syndrome of loiasis.
		Loiasis in endemic and nonendemic populations: immunologically mediated differences in clinical presentation.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=385 (832 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Loiasis - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Loiasis: A disease caused by the Loa Loa eye worm which work there way through the skin to the eye where they cause irritation and congestion.
		Loiasis is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Loiasis, or a subtype of Loiasis, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/loiasis_printer.htm (263 words)

	Loiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Human occult loiasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the use of a nest...
		IngentaConnect Loiasis: the individual factors associated with the presence of m...
		Loiasis in an expatriate American child: diagnostic and treatment difficulties -...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /disease/153.html (187 words)

	Hyperthermia Garland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Loiasis is any abnormal condition of the body that causes rectal itching, cervical pain, or sensitivity to light.
		Sometimes Loiasis is used broadly to include broken thumb, broken jaw, feelings of mad or harried.
		Illness or eye injury, although often used to mean Loiasis, can also refer to a person's perception of their health, regardless of whether they in fact have Loiasis.
	www.secure-choice.com /1-loclg/Hyperthermia-Garland.php (732 words)

	filariasis
		Loiasis (loa loa) is caused by the nematode Loa loa (African eye worm), transmitted by Chrysops (red) flies, and occurs in tropical Africa.
		Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is caused by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by Simulium flflies, and occurs primarily in equatorial Africa (and also in South America and the Middle East).
		Signs and Symptoms: Loiasis is often asymptomatic among indigenous people of endemic areas, but more problematic among non-indigenous persons who are infected.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/filariasis.htm (1204 words)

	NEJM -- Loiasis
		Quantification of loiasis with the use of thick blood films and filtration yielded high levels of parasites — 5000 microfilariae per milliliter.
		The malaria was successfully treated with artemether and lumefantrine, and the asymptomatic loiasis was not treated initially, given the risk of severe side effects such as encephalopathy and death.
		She remained asymptomatic from the loiasis and was afterward given a three-week course of albendazole to decrease the parasite burden before treatment with diethylcarbamazine was initiated.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/355/7/e6 (231 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Loiasis is endemic in West and Central Africa, and is found particularly in the "rain forest areas of the Sudan, the basin of the Congo, and [throughout] West Africa to include Cameroon and Nigeria (Markell, et al., pg 321).
		To the left is another map from the aforementioned website of the Foci of Loiasis infection.
		An estimated 9 to 70% of adults in hyperendemic areas are infected, and the total infected is estimated 13 million people.
	stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2004/Loiasis/epidemiology.htm (147 words)

	Human occult loiasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction -- Toure ...
		Human occult loiasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction -- Toure et al.
		Human occult loiasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction
		The development of control strategies for loiasis is of crucial importance in endemic areas and depends heavily on the accurate identification of occult-infected individuals.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/abstract/59/1/144 (396 words)

	All Things Network - Your Source For loiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Loa loa filariasis (also loiasis and African eyeworm) is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode...
		Loiasis: A disease caused by the Loa Loa eye worm which work there way through the skin to...
		Loiasis: The disease caused by the eye worm known as loa loa, a parasite that...
	www.all-things-health.net /common-diseases/results.php?searchterm=loiasis (460 words)

	Filaria Journal \| Full text \| Combined Utilisation of Rapid Assessment Procedures for Loiasis (RAPLOA) and ...
		RAPLOA (Rapid Assessment Procedure for loiasis), a newly developed rapid assessment procedure for loiasis that relates the prevalence of key clinical manifestation of loiasis (history of eye worm) to the level of endemicity of the infection (prevalence of high intensity), is a very useful tool to identify areas at potential risk of L.
		The specific objectives were to (i) provide information on the prevalence and intensity of loiasis and onchocerciasis in an area where data was scarce, (ii) validate RAPLOA in different sites from where it was originally developed and (iii) to reinforce the validity of nodule palpation in an area of co-endemicity L.
		The two tools have several similarities in their methodological approaches: they are carried out on individuals (adults or nearly-adults) of both sexes, who have been resident in a community for a long period of time, their sample size requirements are not conflicting, the exercises of interview and nodule palpation are very simply to execute.
	www.filariajournal.com /content/4/1/2 (4797 words)

	[No title]
		In areas covered by the program where loiasis is also endemic, some patients with high levels of Loa loa microfilaremia develop encephalitis upon treatment with ivermectin (Gardon et al., 1997).
		A double-blind, placebo-controlled trail of Albenazole in subjects with loiasis found that the drug was capable of reducing levels of microfilariae, eosinophils, and anti-filarial IgG (Klion et al., 1993) at a dose of 200 mg twice daily for 21 days.
		Albendazole therapy appears to be effective in treating some loiasis patients that have remained uncured after multiple courses of DEC treatment (Klion et al., 1994).
	stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2001/loiasis/loiasistherapy.html (905 words)

	Loiasis
		Loiasis DESCRIPTION: A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa.
		Human occult loiasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the...
		Loiasis is caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa which is transmitted to humans by day-biting Chrysops flies (see picture below taken...
	www.medicality.org.uk /diseases/loiasis.php (195 words)

	Final Report No.66 - Onchocerciasis: RAPLOA: a new, effective mechanism for identifying loiasis endemicity
		A multicentre study was carried out to evaluate the use of specific clinical symptoms in the rapid assessment of loiasis endemicity.
		The study showed that a simple rapid assessment procedure based on a restricted definition of Eye Worm can effectively identify communities where the endemicity of loiasis is high and where there is thus a risk of severe adverse reactions to ivermectin treatment.
		Results demonstrate that RAPLOA is a rapid and simple tool for the assessment of the prevalence and intensity of loiasis at the community level.
	wwwlive.who.ch /tdr/research/finalreps/no68.htm (549 words)

	UpToDate Loiasis and mansonella infections
		Although loiasis is not commonly associated with severe disease in either residents or visitors to endemic regions, it is a frequent reason for presenting for medical care in certain areas.
		It is sometimes called "eyeworm" because the adult parasite may be found migrating across the subconjunctiva of the eye.
		Infection appears to be occult in a large proportion of patients and remains undiagnosed; thus, the epidemiology of loiasis in many areas has not been clearly defined.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=parasite/14719 (398 words)

	CDC - Letter - Doxycycline and Eradication of Microfilaremia in Patients with Loiasis
		We report two patients with loiasis in whom no Wolbachial DNA was detected in microfilariae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for whom 6 weeks of doxycycline failed to eradicate the microfilaremia.
		We conclude that doxycycline may not be an efficient therapy for loiasis.
		Filariae are responsible of 150 million infections worldwide, some of them devastating diseases such as elephantiasis (caused by Bancroftian and Brugian filariasis) and blindness (caused by onchocerciasis).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no3_supp/brouqui_letter.htm (929 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		RAPLOA (Rapid Assessment Procedure for loiasis), a newly developed rapid assessment procedure for loiasis that relates the prevalence of key clinical manifestation of loiasis (history of eye worm) to the level of endemicity of the infection (prevalence of high intensity), is a very useful tool to identify areas at potential risk of
		We worked in 10 communities of a forest area presumed co-endemic for loiasis and onchocerciasis in the North-West Province of Cameroon where the mass-treatment with ivermectin had not been carried out.
		For the first time, this study has demonstrated that the two rapid assessment procedures for loiasis and onchocerciasis can be carried out simultaneously by a survey team, in which a single individual can administer the questionnaire for RAPLOA and perform the nodule palpation for REA.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=115832&toc=y (503 words)

	Diethylcarbamazine Citrate Drug Information, Professional
		Loiasis (treatment)—Diethylcarbamazine is indicated as a primary agent in the treatment of loiasis caused by Loa loa.
		Microfilarial blood concentrations (may be required prior to and periodically during therapy with diethylcarbamazine; in loiasis, retinal hemorrhage and encephalopathy may occur with very high microfilarial blood concentrations
		However, it is sometimes difficult to determine whether these reactions are caused by the death of microfilariae or by diethylcarbamazine itself.
	www.drugs.com /MMX/Diethylcarbamazine_Citrate.html (1455 words)

	Increased frequency of Th2-type cytokine-producing T cells in microfilaremic loiasis -- Winkler et al. 60 (4): 680 -- ...
		Increased frequency of Th2-type cytokine-producing T cells in microfilaremic loiasis -- Winkler et al.
		Increased frequency of Th2-type cytokine-producing T cells in microfilaremic loiasis
		The frequency of cytokine-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed in 28 subjects with microfilaremic loiasis and in 14 amicrofilaremic individuals.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/abstract/60/4/680 (238 words)

	Loiasis
		Loiasis, a filarial disease of subcutaneous tissues...the organism Loa loa (African eye worm).
		Loiasis is prevalent in West and Central Africa...Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging Volume III:1 Loiasis,....
		Overview Loiasis occurs in forested parts of West-Central Africa: Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, CAR, Sudan, and Zaire and...
	www.health-nexus.com /loiasis.htm (92 words)

	[No title]
		An alternative potential therapy for loiasis is albendazole.
		The worm was extracted and sent form examination in the Parasitology laboratory where it was identified as the filarial nematode Loa Loa.
		Loiasis is caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa which is transmitted to humans by day-biting Chrysops flies.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /microbiology/newsletter/Vol24No09Loaloa.doc (931 words)

	Filariasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Recently, a 'new' filarial syndrome has been described as one of clinical and immunologic hyper-responsiveness found in expatriate visitors to regions endemic for loiasis.
		This clinical syndrome is, of course, not really new, nor is it limited to loiasis, as similar clinical descriptions of patients with onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and other filarial infections also have been recorded previously.
		Instead of developing the commonly described chronic clinical manifestations of their filarial infections, individuals who have grown up outside of the endemic regions and then moved to these regions and acquired a filarial infection manifest prominent signs and symptoms of inflammatory (including allergic) reactions to the mature or maturing parasites.
	www.filariasis.org /index.pl?iid=1774 (186 words)

	Loiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		When bitten by the fly, a host is infected by the larvae which migrate to the subcutaneous tissues and muscles where they develop into adult forms a year later.
		The clinical features of loiasis include subcutaneous swellings and if the eyes are involved, irritation and impaired vision.
		The adult worms, macroscopic in size, are troublesome when passing through the orbital conjunctivae or across the bridge of the nose.
	hsc.unm.edu /pathology/MedLab/loaloa.shtml (117 words)

	Loiasis cures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The greatest demand of world wide web shopper is to overcome the obstruction which prevent access to advice.
		There is no need to spent money to discover the data for loiasis cures you need.
		In the coming years, we'll be refining our search capability and introducing new systems for subscriber to seek knowledge.
	www.best-cures.org /loiasis-cures.html (616 words)

	Loiasis Health Diseases Conditions Disorders Information
		Loa loa filariasis (also known as loiasis) is a disease caused by the worm loa loa filaria A...Find thousands of free online definitions and reference guides at TheFreeDictionary.com.
		Loiasis - Loiasis, a filarial disease of subcutaneous tissues...the organism Loa loa (African eye worm).
		related to the intensity of loiasis infection: the risk of developing marked or serious reactions...
	www.health-medication.com /diseases/Loiasis.htm (346 words)

	Citysearch Attorneys
		Or, perhaps you are looking for a Loiasis treatment or an alternative cure? You can find people through Google that offer these services as well.
		Need a(n) Loiasis lawyer, attorney, or law firm for a(n) Loiasis case? There are plenty of online resources you can turn to.
		If you want to file a(n) Loiasis lawsuit or seek Loiasis legal advice, you should go to Lawyers.com (http://www.lawyers.com) or Martindale-Hubbell (http://www.martindale-hubbell.com) and find the name of a lawyer who specializes in the appropriate area of law.
	www.stilltheking.com /resources3081.htm (181 words)

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