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	[No title]
		Loihi is a submarine volcano 30 km south of the south shore of the Big Island of Hawaii.
		Loihi is located on the southern flanks of Mauna Loa and has two rift zones, the larger of the two extending to the south and the smaller extending to the north (22).
		There is a large caldera on Loihi's summit, which is 2.8 km wide and 3.7 km long, and there are three calderas (formed from collapsing) on the southern part of the summit (4).
	people.colgate.edu /erampe (282 words)

	Hot spot hydrothermal
		Loihi Seamount, the youngest of the Hawaiian volcanoes, is located 28 km off the SE coast of Hawaii.
		LOIHI — A large swarm of >4000 earthquakes occurred at Loihi Seamount in the summer of 1996.
		LOIHI - Sulfide and sulfate minerals collected from Pele's Pit on Loihi Seamount in October 1996 with the Pisces V submersible are the first occurrence of high-temperature hydrothermal mineralization documented for ocean island volcanoes.
	www.mbari.org /volcanism/Hawaii/HR-Hydrothermal.htm (1136 words)

	StarBulletin.com \| News \| /2005/12/08/
		HILO » Loihi seamount, the small underwater volcano off the southeastern coast of the Big Island, experienced a swarm of 45 small earthquakes Tuesday night and yesterday morning, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said.
		Loihi has not been erupting, and there is nothing to indicate that the swarm represents an eruption, he said.
		While periodic lava flows mean Loihi is growing, the little mountain is not expected to reach the surface of the sea for another 150,000 years, the observatory said.
	starbulletin.com /2005/12/08/news/story05.html (677 words)

	[No title]
		Because Loihi is a submarine volcano and no one has actually witnessed an eruption, it is hard to describe exactly what occurs during an eruption.
		From submersible dives immediately after the 1996 eruption, it is clear that seismic events on Loihi can result in crater collapse; the reworking of hydrothermal systems, resulting in hydrothermal vents in different locations; and eruption of lava, as seen through the presence of pillow lavas and limu o pele on Loihi's summit (15, 16).
		In order for crater collapse to happen on Loihi as a result of a single earthquake, the magnitude would have to be at least 6.5, but the largest single event was only M 5, so Pele’s Peak collapsed to form Pele’s Pit as a result of the series of earthquakes during the second phase (15).
	people.colgate.edu /erampe/history.htm (1198 words)

	Loihi Web Page By: Tyler Ryan, Geology 101, Student Paper, Pima CC
		Loihi Web Page By: Tyler Ryan, Geology 101, Student Paper, Pima CC By: Tyler Ryan Geology 101 Student Paper PIMA CC Loihi is the youngest volcano associated with the Hawaiian chain and is located 15 miles (28 km) southeast of Kilauea volcano.
		Lo`ihi is built on the seafloor that slopes about 5 degrees beneath the seamount.
		The reason why I chose to do my reasearch project on Loihi the newly occuring volcano that is active as we speak a few miles off the the south eastern side of the Big Island is because I was born and raised on the Island of Hawai'i.
	geology.wcedu.pima.edu /~tryan/loihivolcano1.html (1938 words)

	PlanetPapers - Hawaiian Volcanoes
		Loihi Seamount, sometimes known as the “youngest volcano” in the Hawaiian chain, is an undersea mountain rising more then three thousand meters above the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
		Before the 1970’s, Loihi was not known to be an active volcano.
		Later, it was revealed that the Loihi was a young, active volcano.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1758.php (1365 words)

	Hawaii's future island "Loihi" - UrbanPlanet.org
		Loihi seamount, sometimes known as the "youngest volcano" in the Hawaiian chain, is an undersea mountain rising more than 3000 meters above the floor of the Pacific Ocean (Loihi is the red-capped nub that is pointed out in the of the image above).
		Loihi sits submerged in the Pacific off of the south-eastern coast of the Big Island of Hawaii (this is the grey area labeled "Hawaii" at the top of the image).
		It is common on the summit of Loihi.
	www.urbanplanet.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=3271 (951 words)

	Science News Online - Past Issues - News Feature - 10/12/96
		Called Loihi, the submerged mountain is "essentially an island in the womb," says Alexander Malahoff, an oceanographer at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and a leader of the submersible expedition, which continues through Oct. 12.
		The seafloor around Loihi and the other Hawaiian volcanoes is littered with debris from immense prehistoric landslides, one of which produced waves more than 1,000 feet high (SN: 4/8/95, p.
		To monitor geologic unrest on Loihi, Malahoff and his colleagues plan to place seismometers and chemical sensors on a stable section of the summit and connect them to the island of Hawaii via fiber-optic cable.
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arch/10_12_96/fob1.htm (601 words)

	MBARI - Mapping Program
		The Loihi Seamount survey covers the summit and rift zones, but not the steep flanks of the volcano.
		The new data show that there are few cones, none of which are flat-topped, on Loihi’s rift zones compared to the rifts of the other surveyed volcanoes.
		The 1996 collapse pit in the southwestern part of the summit platform (1996 Loihi Science Team, 1997; Davis and Clague, 1998) is clearly seen, as are the two older collapse pits.
	www.mbari.org /data/mapping/hawaii/loihi.htm (129 words)

	Volcano Books
		Loihi is the youngest of the Hawaiian volcanoes.
		Loihi could become an island, but this process would take thousands of years.
		Loihi was discovered in 1954, along with four other seamounts: Papa`u, Wini, `Apu`upu`u, and Hohonu.
	www.vibrationdata.com /VolcanoBooks.htm (948 words)

	Eruptions of Hawaiian Volcanoes [USGS] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi rises 10,100 feet above the ocean floor to within 3,100 feet of the water surface.
		Examination of samples dredged from Loihi indicates that the pillow-lava fragments have fresh glassy crusts, indicative of their recent formation.
		In fact, the occurrence of earthquake swarms at Loihi during 1971- 1972, 1975, and 1984-85 suggests major submarine eruptions or magma intrusions into the upper part of Loihi.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/hawaii/page45.html (247 words)

	Lo`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i
		Lo`ihi Seamount is an active volcano built on the seafloor south of Kilauea about 30 km from shore.
		An eruption at Lo`ihi has yet to be observed, but scientists from the University of Hawai`i have recently made many submersible dives to the volcano and deployed instruments on its summit to study Lo`ihi in much greater detail.
		Lo`ihi page, maintained by the Hawaii Center for Volcanology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai`i in Manoa.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /volcanoes/loihi (445 words)

	RESULTS FROM NOVEL SEAMLESS EXTREMOPHILE SAMPLING AND INCUBATION SYSTEMS USED IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, LOIHI SUBMARINE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi submarine volcano is a hot spot volcano located at a water depth of 990 m, 34 km south of the Island of Hawaii, constructed through volcanism along a summit rift that terminates at the southern end at a water depth of 5,500 m.
		Hydrothermal activity and the presence of microbial mats at numerous vents mark the summit and upper portions of the south rift of Loihi.
		Visual observations of the Loihi summit using the submersible Pisces V after the earthquakes showed a fractured, faulted terrain covered by talus and the complete disappearance of a 300-meter high hydrothermally active summit cone into a newly formed 300-meter deep, 1,000-meter-wide pit crater.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_38449.htm (443 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although the new Loihi lavas are similar isotopically and geochemically to recent Kilauea lavas and their mantle conduits appear to converge at depth, important distinctions exist in trace element ratios between the recent lavas from these volcanoes which preclude common parental magmas for these two active volcanoes.
		Loihi's recent tholeiitic lavas have mineralogic evidence signifying that they crystallized at moderate depths (9 km) within the volcano, which is about 1 km below the earthquakes hypocenter from the 1996 swarm.
		Taken together, the petrologic and seismic evidence indicates that Loihi's current magma chamber is considerably deeper than the shallow magma chamber (3-4 km) in each of the adjoining active shield volcanoes to the north.
	www.es.mq.edu.au /geology/BVabs97.html (370 words)

	Loihi Event Response Expedition Rock Geochemistry
		All previous Loihi samples have had a coating of some secondary material on the glass, produced over time by the rock having sat on the sea floor.
		Loihi also has erupted alkalic basalts in the past but they are usually aphyric and strongly vesicular.
		They may be true but this new information indicates that there is another magma storage area deeper within Loihi that may be located near the base of the oceanic crust, and which was a key factor for the composition of these newer lavas.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /GG/HCV/loihirockchem.html (1577 words)

	Loihi Volcano, Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi is the youngest member of the Hawaiian volcanic chain, rising to slightly higher than 980 m below sea level.
		An arcuate chain of small cones on the W edge of the summit extends N and S of the pit craters and merges into the crests of Loihi's prominent N and S rift zones.
		Continued volcanism is expected to eventually build a new island at Loihi; time estimates for the summit to reach the surface range from roughly 10,000 to 100,000 years.
	users.bendnet.com /bjensen/volcano/eastpacific/hawaii-loihi.html (210 words)

	Hawaii Volcanoes
		Loihi is still beneath sea level about 20 miles off the southeast flank of the island.
		On October 12, 1997, the cable was laid and scientists discovered that Loihi was in full eruption.
		In the past, instrument experiments had to be dropped off at the seamount and later physically picked up by a submersible research vessel to recover the data.
	www.msjsoftware.com /articles/article.asp?ID=31130 (263 words)

	John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi is the next addition to the Hawaiian island chain, as covered in the Science News reader article Hawaii's Next Island Suffers Setback.
		Loihi is giving scientists a first-time ever view of how the islands of the Pacific ocean formed.
		Scientists have used a submersible to view Loihi directly and have plans to place seismometers (to study earthquakes) and chemical sensors on the summit for the collection of additional data.
	www.wiley.com /college/herenow/vol/Home.html (448 words)

	Loihi Submarine Volcano: A unique, natural extremophile laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi submarine volcano is the most recent expression of the hotspot that produces the Hawaiian Island chain (Fig.
		Loihi arises from the submarine slopes of Mauna Loa and is growing along its active SE-rift zone by the extrusion of pillow lava and tubular basalts.
		The experiment will use Pisces V to collect the organisms and bring them to the surface in a newly designed extremophile sampler that will maintain the pressure and temperature of their natural environment until they are transferred to a shore based extremophile bioreactor.
	www.oar.noaa.gov /spotlite/archive/spot_loihi.html (618 words)

	Error Analysis for T-Phase Locations
		Note that the statistics above were computed from the NOAA's hydrophone data which are independent of the results from the Loihi web-site.
		Different standard deviations (0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, and 1 for STD) were used for the random number generator to produce numbers as errors, and these errors were added to the arrival times.
		As the indicated before, the hydrophones' positions at figures 2 to 4 are not ideal, and they can, for some cases, create a local solution (local minimum) for the least-squares procedure when computing the T-Phase event lcoation.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /vents/staff/lau/tphase/error_analysis.html (3002 words)

	Loihi Seamount (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi is the youngest volcano associated with the Hawaiian chain and is located 15 miles (28 km) southeast of Kilauea volcano.
		Two rift zones extend to the north and southeast.
		If Loihi erupts at rates comparable to Kilauea and Mauna Loa, it will reach sea level in a few tens of thousands of years.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/hawaii/loihi.html (80 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Loihi is the youngest volcano associated with the Hawaiian chain.
		Loihi is located 15 miles south-east of Kilauea.
		Loihi is expected to reach sea level in a few tens of thousands of years.
	www.bisdragons.com /students2001/oceans/hotspots/facts.html (398 words)

	CNN - New Hawaiian island forming - Sept 16, 1996
		Loihi, pronounced low-EE-Hee and meaning "long" or "tall" in Hawaiian, juts like a spur from the side of the "Big Island" of Hawaii, about 20 miles off the southern shore.
		"When we look at Loihi, we see what the Big Island used to be like when it was under the sea, what Oahu was like, what all the other islands were like," Malahoff said.
		Hawaii's islands formed as great sections of the ocean floor passed over a hot spot beneath the earth's crust that punctured the ocean floor, creating volcanoes spewing molten rock.
	www.cnn.com /EARTH/9609/16/loihi (384 words)

	SCIENTISTS OBSERVE COLLAPSED DOME OF UNDERSEA VOLCANO LOIHI
		The recent collapse of the lava dome of the underwater volcano Loihi off Hawaii has created a murky crater a half mile across and a thousand feet deep, and given scientists in a research mini-sub a close-up look at the ongoing birth of the next Hawaiian island, according to researchers just back from the site.
		The water in the volcano is very turbid, with visibility down to about a meter in most places, clouded by a combination of dissolved minerals in the water and huge floating mats of chemosynthetic bacteria.
		Both collected samples of the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can be indicators of the type of inorganic material ejected from the vents, for follow-up studies in their laboratory.
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /pr96/oct96/noaa96-69.html (544 words)

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