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Topic: Lokaksema

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Lokaksema
		Lokaksema (Ch: æ”¯å¨è¿¦è°¶ Zhi Loujiachanï¼ sometimes abbreviated æ”¯è°¶ Zhi Chan), born around 147 CE, The name "Lokaksema"?title=translates into 'welfare of the world' in Sanskrit.
		Lokaksema came from Gandhara to the court of the Han dynasty at the capital Loyang as early as 150 and worked there between 178 and 189.
		Lokaksema's translation activities, as well as those of the Parthians An Shih Kao and An Hsuan slightly earlier, or the Yuezhi Dharmaraksa (around 286 CE) illustrate the key role Central Asians had in propagating the Buddhist faith to the countries of Eastern Asia.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Lokaksema (360 words)

	Lokaksema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lokaksema (Ch: &25903;&23044;&36838;&35894; Zhi Loujiachan&65292; sometimes abbreviated &25903;&35894; Zhi Chan), born around 147 CE, is the earliest known Buddhist monk to have translated Mahayana Buddhist scriptures into the Chinese language.
		The Council probably marked the official recognition of the pantheistic Mahayana Buddhism and its scission with Nikaya Buddhism, opening the way to prozelitism by monks such as Lokaksema.
		Lokaksema came from Gandhara to the court of the Han dynasty at the capital Loyang and worked there between 178 and 189.
	lokaksema.mindbit.com (267 words)

	Mahayana Encyclopedia Article @ Knelt.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The first known Mahayana texts are translations made into Chinese by the Kushan monk Lokaksema in the Chinese capital of Luoyang, between 178 and 189 CE.
		Lokaksema's work includes the translation of the Pratyutpanna Sutra, containing the first known mentions of the Buddha Amitabha and his Pure Land, said to be at the origin of Pure Land practice in China, and the first known translations of the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, a founding text of Mahayana Buddhism.
		The formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism has been dated to around the middle of the 2nd century CE, when the Kushan emperor Kanishka convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Gandhara, which confirmed the formal scission of Mahayana Buddhism from the traditional Nikaya schools of Buddhism.
	www.knelt.org /encyclopedia/Mahayana (2231 words)

	Yuezhi - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Benefiting from this territorial expansion, the Yuezhi/Kushans were among the first to introduce Buddhism to northern and northeastern Asia, by direct missionary efforts and the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
		Major Yuezhi missionary and translators included Lokaksema and Dharmaraksa, who went to China and established translation bureaus, thereby being at the center of the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism.
		The Chinese kept referring to the Kushans as Da Yuezhi throughout the centuries.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Yuezhi (2992 words)

	The Ultimate Kushan Empire Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Kushans are again recorded to have sent presents to the Chinese court in 158-159 CE during the reign of the Chinese emperor Han Huan.
		Following these interactions, cultural exhanges further increased, and Kushan Buddhist missionaries, such as Lokaksema, became active in the Chinese capital cities of Loyang and sometimes Nanjing, where they particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work.
		They were the first recorded promoters of Hinayana and Mahayana scriptures in China, greatly contributing to the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Kushan (1310 words)

	Gandhara (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-3.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The [[Kushan Lokaksema (Ch: &25903;&35894;, Zhi Chan), First translator of a Mahayana sutra into Chinese.]] Gandharan Buddhist missionaries were active, with other monks from Central Asia, from the 2nd century CE in the Chinese capital of Loyang, and particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work.
		Lokaksema, a Kushan and the First to translate Mahayana scriptures into Chinese (167-186).
		Zhi Qian (220-252), a Kushan monk whose grandfather had settled in China during 168-190.
	gandhara.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (768 words)

	Buddhist Art - ReligionFacts
		However, extensive contacts started in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin, with the missionary efforts of a great number of Central Asian Buddhist monks to Chinese lands.
		The first missionaries and translators of Buddhists scriptures into Chinese, such as Lokaksema, were either Parthian, Kushan, Sogdian or Kuchean.
		Central Asian missionary efforts along the Silk Road were accompanied by a flux of artistic influences, visible in the development of Serindian art from the 2nd through the 11th century CE in the Tarim Basin, modern Xinjiang.
	www.religionfacts.com /buddhism/things/buddhist_art.htm (4033 words)

	CHAPTER X
		It can be seen that the Hinayana practices expounded by the An Shi Gao lineage were assimilated to the popular religious practices and thought of the day which then used them to explicate Buddhism.
		The prajna concept taught by the Lokaksema lineage held as its most important truth the "return of the spirit to its original perfection and union with the Way." In this we see already the influence of the philosophy of the Laozi (Lao Tzu)
		the disciple of Lokaksema's disciple Zhi Lian, re-translated the Prajnaparamita sutra as the Ta Ming Du Wu Ji Jing.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-3/chapter_x.htm (3053 words)

	China
		Foremost among those involved in this work was An Shih-kao, a Parthian, who arrived in Lo Yang c.148, and worked with a team of non-Mahayana monks.
		However, he did have contemporaries who were engaged in translating Mahayana sutras, notably An-hsuan, another Parthian, and Lokaksema, an Indo-scythian (post-168), eleven of whose translations have survived.
		Translations from this early period all suggest a minority interest, perhaps from amongst some fringe cult groups, and in which there was probably no clear differentiation between lay and ordained.
	www.quangduc.com /English/China.html (3188 words)

	The Holy Order of O:N:E:
		Written in Kharosthi script, the scrolls are believed to be the oldest Buddhist manuscripts as well as the oldest Indian manuscripts known to exist, estimated at nearly 2000 years old.
		Pure Land Buddhism is the largest sect of Buddhism in the east and is based upon certain "Pure Land sutras (scriptures)" first brought to China around 150 by the Parthian monk An Shih Kao and the Kushan monk Lokaksema.
		These sutras describe Amitabha, one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas, and his heaven-like Pure Land, called Sukhavati.
	essenes.net /new/kushan.html (275 words)

	My Work from the Chapter "The Vedic Religion And Varna Dharma", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org:
		I am also extremely concerned about the fact that, if the Vedic tradition which has been maintained like a chain from generation to generation is broken, it may not be possible to create the tradition all over again.
		The good arising in a subtle from the sound of the Vedas and the performance of sacrifices is not the only benefit that constitutes "lokaksema" or the welfare of mankind.
		From Vedanta are derived lofty truths that can bring Atmic uplift to people belonging to all countries.
	www.kamakoti.org /hindudharma/part3/chap10.htm (4545 words)

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