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	Lollardy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the late 14th century to early in the time of the English Reformation.
		The Lollards stated that the Catholic Church had been corrupted by temporal matters and that its claim to be the true church was not justified by its heredity.
		Lollards challenged the practice of clerical celibacy and believed priests should not hold political positions since temporal matters should not interfere with the priests’ spiritual mission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lollard (1471 words)

	Lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In addition, Lollard doctrine claimed that the principal duty of the priest is to preach and called for the Bible to be accessible to all people in their own language.
		The term Lollard derives from the middle Dutch word lollaert (meaning mumbler) and was applied by Wycliffe's opponents to his followers.
		Lollard ideas revived at the beginning of the 16th century and supported by leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/christ/west/loll.html (287 words)

	Medieval Church.org.uk: Lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOLLARDS, a title applied to the followers of Wiclif in England, though the terni was previously used of sectaries in Germany.
		Still the Lollard party owed much of its strength to powerful courtiers who were willing to use it as a means of striking at the political power of the prelates; and during the absence of Richard II.
		JOUN BADBY, a tailor of Evesham, was examined by the Bishop of Worcester for erroneous doctrine concerning the Eucharist.
	www.medievalchurch.org.uk /h_lollards.html (3434 words)

	§1. Simon Fish. II. Reformation Literature in England. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge History ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the former, we gather that Lollard works were reprinted, partly, it may be, for their supposed value, but, also, to show that the opinions held by their editors had been taught in England long before.
		The Lollard literature and controversies were thus swallowed up in the reformation, and, although a lower class of writings, such as that of Fish, still continued to be written and circulated, more literary interest belongs to a theological class that followed them.
		The new writings recalled, always in their exaggeration and sometimes in their violence, the old, but they were composed upon a larger scale; and the importance of single members of the class, and the numbers in which they were published, made this new movement more important than Lollardy had ever been.
	www.bartleby.com /213/0201.html (1026 words)

	Lollardy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most notable of these measures was the burning at the stake of John Badby, a layman and artisan who refused to renounce his Lollard views.
		Lollards were effectively absorbed into Protestantism during the, in which Lollardy played a role.
		Lollards in the Catholic Encyclopedia (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09333a.htm) - Lollardy as a heresy, from the Catholic perspective.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Lollardy (1219 words)

	The Lollards \| The Anabaptist Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lollard preaching called for personal responsibility rather than passive acceptance of clerical authority and expressed the doubts that were more widely felt about some of the seemingly superstitious and biblically unwarranted beliefs and practices of the church.
		Lollards stressed a common sense approach to faith and applied this to issues such as communion, where it seemed obvious that the bread remained bread, whatever the metaphysical explanations behind the traditional dogmas.
		Lollard preachers were a mission band that contrasted sharply with the maintenance orientation of the parish priests and the monks.
	www.anabaptistnetwork.com /book/view/28 (2045 words)

	John Oldcastle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		December 14, 1417), English Lollard leader, was son of Sir Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in Herefordshire.
		The design was to seize the king and his brothers during a Twelfth-night mumming at Eltham, and perhaps, as was alleged, to establish some sort of commonwealth.
		Henry, forewarned of their intention, removed to London, and when the Lollards assembled in force in St Giles's Fields on January 10 they were easily dispersed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Oldcastle (951 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lollards
		In the fifteenth century the Lollards became a more compact body with more definite negations, a change which can be explained by mere lapse of time which confirms a man in his beliefs and by the more energetic repression exercised by the ecclesiastical authorities.
		As the Lollards in the course of the fifteenth century became less and less of a learned body we find an increasing tendency to take the Bible in its most literal sense and to draw from it practical conclusions out of all harmony with contemporary life.
		Yet the activity of the Lollards during the first thirty years of the fifteenth century was great and their influence spread into parts of the country which had at first been unaffected.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09333a.htm (2960 words)

	Lollard Influence
		In Amersham a Lollard named Richard Sanders was so influential that neighbours who informed on him were deprived of their livelihoods.
		In the early fifteenth century William Brown, a glover from Woodstock, organised Lollards in Bladon, Hanborough, Kidlington, Kirtlington and Upper Heyford.
		In the Vale of White Horse Lollards are known to have been active in Buscot, Faringdon, Abingdon, Hanney, Wantage, Steventon, East Ginge and the Hendreds.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~hadland/tvp/tvp2.htm (692 words)

	§17. The Lollards; Wyclif’s Personality. II. Religious Movements in the Fourteenth Century. Vol. 2. The End ...
		The Lollard party in parliament was, at one time, strong, and, more than once, brought forward suggestions of sweeping changes and confiscation.
		The chief result of Oldcastle’s life was, thus, a strangely confused impression upon literature, but his Lollardism had been driven back by Arundel’s strong action and the wider sweep of domestic politics into the lowlier paths of the national life.
		It is certain that, while like him in denying transubstantiation, the later Lollards were not like him in their positive view of the Eucharist; his views upon endowment might reappear again and again in parliament, but had no permanent effect.
	www.bartleby.com /212/0217.html (1009 words)

	English Dissenters: Lollards
		Lollards promoted the reading of the Holy Scripture in the vernacular as the means for knowing the true Word of God.
		Lollards questioned the current state of the Church, and criticized many of its practices and for its wealth.
		Prosecution as a Lollard was often a catch all term for many types of heresy during this period including some who may have held various reformed ideals or Lutheran views.
	www.exlibris.org /nonconform/engdis/lollards.html (3155 words)

	WILLIAM TYNDALE Covenant Theologian, Christian Martyr Part 1: Background and Early Biography
		Crucial to his thesis is the persistence of Lollard presence, doctrines, and sympathies among a broad base of the English population throughout the fifteenth and into the sixteenth centuries.
		“Lollard” is a pejorative word coined by an Irish Cistercian monk for the followers of John Wyclif, a scholar at Oxford during the late fourteenth century who believed that the Bible was the sole sure basis of belief and practice, and that it ought to be placed in the hands of the people.
		Hunne, a Lollard sympathizer, found himself in trouble for refusing to pay burial fees, was dressed down publicly by the priest, and when he turned to the ecclesiastical authorities to complain, he found himself in prison.
	www.thirdmill.org /files/english/html/ch/CH.h.Grisham.Tyndale.1.html (4516 words)

	[No title]
		Emphasizing the importance of lay knowledge of the Bible, the Lollard movement (as it was called) grew in pockets around southern England, but by 1413, after John Oldcastle's uprising failed, the movement lost its political force.
		Margery Kempe was repeatedly brought in for questioning under suspicion of being a Lollard, primarily because she seemed to be preaching.
		Lollard Polemic, which is probably the section of most interest to this list and includes a sermon on the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy and tracts on Images and Pilgrimages, Mendicancy, and Miracle Plays; and IV.
	www.bhsu.edu /artssciences/asfaculty/dsalomon/mystic-l/9806.html (1218 words)

	Complete Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Early Tudor heresy was largely inspired by Wycliffite and Lollard survival, particularly in the Chilterns, London, Essex and Kent.
		Lollard beliefs included a tendency to Biblical fundamentalism, an insistence upon the importance of preaching and the vernacular bible, anti-clericalism and condemnation of ritual aspects of worship.
		During the later years of Henry VIII their traditional Lollard beliefs tended to merge with imported Lutheran ideas.
	tudorhistory.org /glossaries/general/l.html (410 words)

	The Lollard Society: Paper Calls
		Lollards were far from resolutely literal interpreters of the bible, as they have often been portrayed.
		Papers on fifteenth-century poetry and the politics in which it is enmeshed: Lollard writing in verse, antiLollard verse, political positions expressed in verse, poetry that addresses heresy whether directly, obliquely, or tangentially...
		This joint session, organized by the Medieval and Renaissance Drama Society and the Lollard Society, invites papers on devotional works read in the fifteenth century that treat any such topics, and that consider their implications for the study of drama, heresy, or indeed any other aspects of fifteenth century religious culture.
	lollardsociety.org /calls.html (870 words)

	ORB - Florilegium urbanum - Religion - Town authorities accused of abetting Lollardy
		Upon which the mayor hastily arose, along with many Lollards – both of the town and of the countryside – and with force and arms, in infringement of the peace, and tried to seize Richard and kill him in the church.
		And some of the armed Lollards prepared an ambush for Richard outside the church, intending to kill him; Richard was escorted out of the church by some of his friends, but they immediately took him back inside, alarmed by the enemies waiting outside.
		The Lollards meanwhile were so infuriated and ill-willed towards Richard that they would have killed him, and he escaped only with difficulty, being secretly conveyed to the vestry, to protect his life, until the uproar had died down.
	www.the-orb.net /encyclop/culture/towns/florilegium/community/cmreli09.html (2967 words)

	Welcome to the Lollard Society
		The origin of the term "lollard," however, is obscure.
		The medieval church of the later Middle Ages believed that their crop had to be constantly watched and regularly weeded--sometimes, if necessary, with fire--to avoid heretical infestations.
		The Lollards soon took to the term in the same way that many groups take on pejorative labels, however amorphous the group, or poorly the labels may fit.
	lollardsociety.org (306 words)

	Draf out of my Fest: Chaucer and the Lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although the Lollards had no such consistent explicit position towards the value of the emerging vernacular poetry represented by Chaucer, Gower, Langland, the Pearl poet, etc., a position may be inferred from their views on the related issues of the use of images, and the use of didactic fables in the preaching of friars.13
		The Lollards in anticipation of the Puritans of the following two centuries argued that the presence of artificial images in the church both imposed erroneous ideas on the imagination of the laity14 and distracted from the focus of the inward wits on the truth of scripture.
		The questions of the worship of images and the practice of pilgrimages are always spoken of together in Lollard texts, and are part of a continuous discourse running from the eighth century iconoclastic controversy of the eastern church through the Puritan reformation of the seventeenth century.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/sowing.htm (6042 words)

	Who were the Lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lollards believed that all Christians were priests and that any lay Christian could preach the gospel; during Margery's lifetime women Lollards did in fact spread the gospel in English translation.
		She regularly engaged in practices that the Lollards abhorred, including fasting, confession, pilgrimages, and the use of images in worship.
		Margery was imprisoned by the mayor of Leicester, and released by the bishop of Lincoln, himself a former Lollard.
	www.tcnj.edu /~graham/lollards.html (420 words)

	lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Lollards were the most significant heretical group in England before the Reformation.
		Followers of Wyclif came to be known as "Lollards." Perhaps the name was derived from the Dutch term lollaerd, meaning mumbler.
		Lollard sermon from the 4th Sunday in Lent.
	mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr /link/med/heresy/lollards/lollards.htm (214 words)

	Lollardy - TheBestLinks.com - Archbishop of Canterbury, Anabaptist, Crime, Consubstantiation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England.
		However, as the movement developed and became increasingly hostile to hierarchical power and authority, the secular powers began to see it as a threat to their own prerogatives as well as those of the Church.
		This change in policy was also affected by the removal of John of Gaunt from the scene, when he left England in pursuit of the throne of Castile, which he claimed through his second wife.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Lollard.html (554 words)

	BBC - History - Lollards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John Wyclif and his Lollard followers were the first recognised critics of the established church since the fifth century.
		The Lollards who followed Wyclif derived their name from the medieval Dutch words meaning 'to mutter' (probably reflecting their style of worship, which was based on reading the scriptures).
		The most important Lollards were a group of knights who were part of the king's court.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/state/church_reformation/lollards_01.shtml (389 words)

	Pierre Samuel Dupont + John Oldcastle and the Lollard Heresy
		It was also on this date, December 14, 1417, that Sir John Oldcastle, a leader of the Lollard religious sect, was hanged and burned in Britain.
		The Lollard name is of unknown origin and meaning, but signified a return to a simpler creed.
		It is characteristic of the teaching of European history that it assumes the general populace acquiesced in all the ideas of a church that diverged radically from the organization founded under the original gospels.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/1214almanac.htm (752 words)

	A Welsh Succession of Primitive Baptist Faith and Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While it cannot be proven Lollard actually went to Olchon, it is known that the European Anabaptist went to Wales.
		Elder Thomas notes that Lollard was aware of the existence of Olchon before arriving in Wales.
		Lollard's appearance in Wales cannot be interpreted as the point of introduction of Baptist sentiment to English soil.
	www.reformedreader.org /history/ivey/ch05.htm (2522 words)

	Hist of Christ'n Church 6 (ii.vi.vi) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As early as 1300 Lollard heretics were classed by the authorities with the Beghards, Beguines, Fratricelli, Swestriones and even the Flagellants, as under the Church’s ban.
		The 15th century furnished a great number of Lollard trials and a number of Lollard martyrs, and their number was added to in the early years of the 16th century.
		Our knowledge of the tenets and practices of the Lollards is derived from their Twelve Conclusions and other Lollard documents, the records of their trials and from the Repressor for over-much Blaming of the Clergy, an English treatise written by Dr. Pecock, bishop of Chichester, and finished 1455.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc6.ii.vi.vi.html (2306 words)

	Wycliffe, John
		The date of his birth unknown, John Wycliffe was born at Wycliffe in Yorkshire, educated and worked at Oxford, and died while at Mass on December 31, 1384.
		Further to a discussion of a unique Lollard sect vocabulary, the project of vernacular theology required the invention or re-appropriation of words in order to carry on theological discussion in English.
		Thus the Lollards both introduced or reinforced new theological terminology in the vernacular and endowed certain other words with altered semantic force.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6361russell.htm (904 words)

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