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Topic: Lollardry

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	Lollardry on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It denied transubstantiation; it condemned the use of sacramentals, images, prayers for the dead, and auricular confession; it spoke out against all war; and it attacked clerical celibacy and the chastity vows of nuns as unnatural.
		At its peak just before the turn of the century, Lollardry appealed to members of the middle and upper classes as well as to those of the lower; Oxford became an intellectual center of Lollardry.
		Finally, although Lollardry knew nothing of Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by faith, it did in effect proclaim the direct responsibility of the individual soul to God—the essential idea of the Reformation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Lollardr.asp (585 words)

	Tarpley B1
		Contemporary with this was the rise of Lollardry, the prototype of English Protestantism promoted by John Wycliffe, the Oxford scholastic.
		Lollardry as a social phenomenon had a specific Venetian pedigree, best seen through the prevalence among the Lollard rank and file of the belief that the soul is not immortal and dies with the body.
		Lollardry kept going for centuries as an underground religion for the disinherited kept going by itinerant preachers.
	www.abjpress.com /tarpb1.html (7338 words)

	Jerome of Prague - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was born in Prague to a wealthy family; after taking his bachelor's degree at the University of Prague in 1398, he secured in 1399 permission to travel.
		In 1401 he returned to Prague, but in 1402 visited England, and in Oxford copied out the Dialogus and Trialogus of John Wyclif, and thus evinced his interest in Lollardry.
		He also became an ardent and outspoken advocate of realism (as opposed to nominalism) and from then on Wyclifism and realism were charges which were constantly getting him into trouble.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jerome_of_Prague (691 words)

	John Fastolf - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Besides his share in his wife's property he had large estates in Norfolk and Suffolk, and a house at Southwark, where he also owned the Boar's Head Inn.
		There is some reason to suppose that Fastolf favoured Lollardry, and this circumstance with the tradition of his braggart cowardice may have suggested the use of his name for the boon companion of Prince Hal, when Shakespeare found it expedient to drop that of Oldcastle.
		In the first two folios the name of the historical character in the first part of Henry VI is given as Falstaffe not Fastolf.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/John_Fastolf (695 words)

	Faith & Freedom
		The tendency of Lollardry and its children was to constantly tear away at authoritarian structures, to undermine hierarchy, and to decentralize.
		When Henry IV came to the throne in 1399, he began a systematic campaign to suppress Lollardry.
		Soon it was obvious that Lollardry was incompatible with the monarchical Anglican religious structure.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/cdf/ff/chap04.html (4680 words)

	Communalism (2) (Rexroth)
		Lollardry went on all through the Wars of the Roses, always providing the throne with a ready-made justification for economic attacks upon the Church.
		The archbishop immediately moved to the attack and secured the condemnation of Lollardry and all of Wycliffe’s books by Pope Alexander V and another papal bull prohibiting preaching in all independent chapels.
		Hus continued to preach and was excommunicated by the archbishop, whereupon he appealed to the new pope, John XXIII, who was soon to prove himself one of the most corrupt and depraved in the history of the papacy.
	www.bopsecrets.org /rexroth/communalism2.htm (12725 words)

	lollardry - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		LOLLARDRY lol yoordre or Lollardy, medieval English movement...unnatural.
		At its peak just before the turn of the century, Lollardry appealed to members of the middle and upper classes as...of the lower; Oxford became an intellectual center of Lollardry.
		Several factors the revival of Lollardry, anticlericalism, the influence of humanism, and burgeoning...
	www.questia.com /search/lollardry (556 words)

	Baptists and Congregational Pioneers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Revised by his disciple, Purvey, in 1388, it was circulated in fragmentary manuscripts and became the fountainhead of Lollardry.
		It was passed from hand to hand, read by the “vulgar and by women,” until it was complained that they knew more of the Bible than did the priests themselves.
		As with a magic wand, it called Lollardry into being, and though the new faith was stamped out in fire and blood, and though the desolating Wars of the Roses turned men’s thoughts in other.
	www.reformedreader.org /history/shakespeare/bacpch01.htm (3201 words)

	Draf out of my Fest: Chaucer and the Lollards
		Because Wyclif was not altogether an original thinker2 beliefs identified as Lollardry might be derived from a number of different sources.
		Nevertheless, the progress of Lollardry in the late fourteenth century represents a cultural movement which influenced the creation and reception of The Canterbury Tales.
		As to the question of Chaucer's Lollardry, it would probably be difficult to find an Englishman of any social class in the late fourteenth century who did not share some Lollard sympathies, whether rationalist theology or nationalist politics.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/sowing.htm (6042 words)

	John de Montacute
		The status of the proposers was itself a sufficient safeguard against views subversive of property, which had no place in the Lollard programme.
		The poet Gower, through opposed to Lollardry, gave voice to the same feeling against perpetual war, and the efforts of the clergy to keep it alive.
		These articles of Lollard belief were drawn up by Stury, Montagu, and their friends, and solemnly presented to Parliament, while other copies were nailed to the door of St. Paul's for the benefit of the citizens.
	www.montaguemillennium.com /familyresearch/h_1400_john.htm (930 words)

	[CTRL] HOW THE VENETIAN SYSTEM WAS TRANSPLANTED INTO ENGLAND
		Lollardy contained a strong dose of primitive socialism; Lollard leaders like John Ball and "Jack Straw" preached social revolution with slogans like "When Adam delved and Eve span, Who was then the gentleman?" This is the ultimate source of that communism which David Urquhardt taught Karl Marx five centuries later.
		Finally, Lollardry spread into central Europe through the medium of the Husites of Bohemia and caused a series of wars of religion there.
		In seventeenth-century England there was a slogan to the effect that Wycliffe begat Hus, Hus begat Luther, and Luther begat truth.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg07351.html (7549 words)

	Sir John Oldcastle - ultimatepubguide.com
		You'll be as surprised as I am to learn there is actually a word called 'Lollardry' (or Lollardy), and you'll be as equally enthralled (or disinterested) to learn that Lollardry was a movement for ecclesiastical reform, which undoubtedly weakened the English medieval church's hold on the people.
		Sir John Oldcastle was a leader of Lollardry and friend of Henry V who was condemned for heresy in the early 15th century, escaped from the Tower of London, was recaptured and executed by hanging over a slow fire.
		Some people would consider execution by hanging over a slow fire a much more preferable experience than setting foot in a JD Wetherspoon establishment, but if you're a hardened elbow-bender, a surveyor of the highway, a piss-head, you'll be familiar with the Wetherspoon experience from which the Sir John Oldcastle pub in Farringdon deviates little.
	ultimatepubguide.com /pubs/info.phtml?pub_id=100 (513 words)

	Khorsabad : search word
		So ecclesiastical pretensions on the one hand, and of an attempt to revive and Chaucer no doubt with the rest.
		But it would require positive to sympathy with LOLLARDRY, in the vague but sufficiently intelligible reign.
		Richard II himself, whose patronage of Chaucer is certain, in the John of Gaunt's yet more politic son, to whom Chaucer owed the prosperity soon as he became a king.
	www.searchword.org /kh/khorsabad.html (432 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Lollardry @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		LOLLARDRY [Lollardry] or Lollardy, medieval English movement for ecclesiastical reform, led by John Wyclif, whose "poor priests" spread his ideas about the countryside in the late 14th cent.
		The church in England was ridden with abuses, especially in the ownership and management of great ecclesiastical properties, and its apparent wealth stood in stark contrast to the miserable poverty of most of the common people.
		Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Lollardr&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (508 words)

	The Fire of Love and the Mending of Life - BIOGRAPHICAL
		These are drawn from the Legenda or Lections, given in the special Office, which the nuns of Hampole prepared in the hope of his canonization.
		This did not take place because of the unsettled state of the church, due to the rise of Lollardry, although, from the note prefixed to it, the Office seems to have been used privately.
		The Miracula were included in it, and were arranged to be read as Lections during the octave of the Feast.
	biblestudy.churches.net /CCEL/R/ROLLE/FIRE/FIRE06.HTM (807 words)

	England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		While Lollardry was effectively stamped out in the early 1400's, it re-emerged with a vengeance when Protestantism was introduced into England in the 1510's.
		The most important thing about Lollardry and the general anti-clericalism of the fourteenth century is that it founded a new culture deliberately resistant to the dominant, homogenizing culture of the church.
		This new anti-clerical culture led a number of theologians, writers, and poets in England to begin to speculate about the nature of society, government, economics and human institutions and to forge radically new ideas on all these fronts.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/MA/ENGLAND.HTM (5600 words)

	Find A Grave - Saint Giles in the Fields
		Writer of some of the finest erotic English poetry ('To his Coy mistress', 'The Garden'), he was also a secretary of Oliver Cromwell and a Member of Parliament.
		Sir John Oldcastle the Lollard (1878?-1417) of Lollardry was hanged & burnt here.
		He married the heiress of Lord Cobham in 1408 and was known as Òthe good Lord Cobham.Ó Under the rule of Henry IV he performed valuable military service, especially in Wales, where he became a friend of the prince of Wales (later Henry V).
	www.findagrave.com /php/famous.php?page=cem&FScemeteryid=658408 (436 words)

	lollards or lollardy or lollardry - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		...lol yoordre or Lollardy, medieval English...of the century, Lollardry appealed to members...persecution the Lollards tended to fanaticism...Finally, although Lollardry knew nothing of...See J. Gairdner, Lollardy and the Reformation...Thomson, The Later Lollards, 1414 1520 (1965...
		In England the Lollards (see Lollardry) formed the link between Wyclif and the Protestant...Reform (1964); J. Carrick, Wycliffe and the Lollards (1977); L. Hall, The Perilous Vision of John...
		Research Topics on: lollards or lollardy or lollardry
	www.questia.com /search/lollards%20or%20lollardy%20or%20lollardry (1364 words)

	What Is Protestantism?
		Particularly since the Oxford movement of the 19th cent., many Anglicans have rejected the word Protestant because they tend to agree with Roman Catholicism on most doctrinal points, rejecting, however, the primacy of the pope (England, Church of; Episcopal Church; Ireland, Church of).
		In addition, there have been several groups commonly called Protestant but historically preceding the rise of Protestantism (Hussites; Lollardry; Waldenses).
		Protestantism has largely been adopted by the peoples of NW Europe and their descendants, excepting the southern Germans, Irish, French, and Belgians; there have been important Protestant minorities in France, Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland.
	www.dwilliamso.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /protestantism.htm (1077 words)

	Herefordshire -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Richard's Castle in the north and Ewyas Harold in the southwest were the first Norman fortresses erected on English soil, and Wigmore, Clifford, Weobley, Hereford, and Kilpeck were all Norman strongholds.
		John Wycliffe's reformist religious teachings were influential in Herefordshire, and Lollardry was widespread at the end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th.
		During the Wars of the Roses the county supported the Yorkist cause, led by Edward, earl of March, afterward Edward IV.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9040132 (1097 words)

	Noble Army
		The influence of Wyclif and his Lollards far outlasted their brief life span.
		Lollardry was strong in England for centuries, and, when Lutheranism arrived in England in 1523, the Bishop of London wrote to Erasmus, "It is no question of some pernicious novelty.
		It is only that new arms are being added to the great band of Wycliffite heresies." Through the reign of Henry VIII and during the persecutions of Bloody Mary, many who suffered were from strong Lollard areas.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/dodone/NA6.html (2731 words)

	Karl Kautsky: Thomas More and his Utopia (Pt.2, Ch.4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its leader was treacherously slain, the insurgents were disbanded, their ringleaders executed, and Lollardry was cruelly persecuted.
		Of the two sections which composed it, the handicraftsmen were then an unruly element, defiant and self-conscious and never shirking a fight.
		But like the peasant, the artisan, or at least the artisan of the country towns, lived and worked much more in his community than in the State, and however rebellious and stubborn in his local affairs, he exercised no permanent influence upon national affairs.
	www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/1888/more/ch08.htm (9934 words)

	William Tyndale (MLA FORMAT)
		All of this was due to the teachings of the "Lollardry." These people were followers
		With Tyndale being a "Lollardry" he asked the Bishop for a letter
		though Bishop Tusntal was believed to be supportive of the Lollardry cause he still would not
	www.termpapers24.com /religion/William%20Tyndale%20(MLA%20FORMAT).htm (1212 words)

	WHKMLA : History of England : Revolts - Wat Tyler 1381, the Lollards 1414
		However, royal policy regarding the taxation of the peasants became more cautious.
		The LOLLARDRY was a movement aiming at church reform, originating at Oxford, emerged from the teaching of JOHN WYCLIF.
		Declared a heretic movement and persecuted, a group of Lollards lead by SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE in 1414 rebelled, the rebellion easily subdued.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/britain/wattyler.html (288 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lollardry (Protestant Denominations) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Protestant Denominations > Lollardry
		Lollardry[lol´yoordrE] Pronunciation Key or Lollardy, medieval English movement for ecclesiastical reform, led by John Wyclif, whose "poor priests" spread his ideas about the countryside in the late 14th cent.
		Finally, although Lollardry knew nothing of Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by faith, it did in effect proclaim the direct responsibility of the individual soul to God : the essential idea of the Reformation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lollardr.html (544 words)

	Emergency Reading with Short-wave Radio
		So I chose that one and read about a disastrous French Crusade of 1397 - new word of the day: Lollardy.
		Lollardry or Lollardy - medieval English movement for church reform, led by John Wyclif, whose "poor priests" spread his ideas in the late 14th century.
		Opposed to the great wealth of the church, Lollards taught that the clergy should be poor, that believers could interpret the Bible for themselves, that the doctrine of transubstantiation was false, and that clerical and monastic celibacy was unnatural.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/1226/19980818.htm (438 words)

	Lollardry - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Lollardry - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
		Lollardry or Lollardy, medieval English movement for ecclesiastical reform, led by John Wyclif
		THE HISTORY CHANNEL and BIOGRAPHY are trademarks of AandE Television Networks used under license ©2004 AandE Television Networks.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Lollardr (593 words)

	Dr. Gene Scott Bible Collection Tour, Station 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 14th Century England, Queen Anne of Bohemia, Richard II's wife, became a follower.
		In Tyndale's day, John Colet and Sir John Walsh were leaders of "Lollardry," though the vast majority are known today only by their tombstones - over 1000 were burned between 1400 and 1557 in England alone.
		The "Lollards" were a company of committed men and women whose cries of freedom were heralded by their slogans "He set me free" and "If God be for us, who can be against us." The "Lollard's" strategy was to avoid detection, and to wield influence by placing bright young men in the Universities.
	www.drgenescott.com /stn14.htm (1859 words)

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