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	Lombards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lombards were one of the tribes forming the Suebi, and during the 1st century AD they lived in northwest Germany.
		At the end of the 5th century Lombards settled in the area of what is now Austria, in the territory formerly occupied by the Rugians, and at the beginning of the 6th century they were settled in Pannonia (now Western Hungary and the Czech Republic) by the Emperor Justinian, in quality of foederati.
		In the summer of 569, the Lombards conquered the main Roman centre of northern Italy, Milan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lombards (1629 words)

	f. The Lombards and the Popes. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Lombards, always few in number, had associated other peoples (including Saxons and some Slavs) in their invasion, but even then they were not numerous enough to occupy the whole peninsula.
		Charlemagne, heir to the traditions of Pepin, having repudiated the daughter of the Lombard king, Desiderius, appeared in Italy to protect the pope.
		It was equally decisive in Italian history, for the papal victory over the Lombards terminated the last effective effort to establish unity and a centralized government until the end of the 19th century.
	www.bartleby.com /67/408.html (1565 words)

	Lombard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The extinct Lombardic language - a Germanic language spoken by the Lombards.
		The Lombard League - the alliance of some 30 cities in Northern Italy which existed off and on between 1167 and 1250 to counter Fredrick I and Fredrick II.
		Peter Lombard - a scholastic philosopher and bishop of the 12th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lombard (284 words)

	Lombards. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 584 the Lombard nobles united to elect Cleph’s son, Authari, as the new king in order to strengthen themselves against the enmity of the Franks, the Byzantines, and the popes.
		Charlemagne, Pepin’s successor, intervened, defeated the Lombards, and was crowned (774) with the Lombard crown at Pavia.
		The chief historian of the Lombards was Paul the Deacon.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Lombards.html (466 words)

	Kingdoms of Italy - The Lombards
		After being used as a mercenary army by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, the Lombards began to invade northern Italy after his death, diminishing the influence of the Byzantine Exarchate at Ravenna.
		Lombard territorial gains to the south of the Exarchate of Ravenna, are formalised in the shape of the duchies of Benevento and Spoleto.
		Rome is reduced to her ancient territory from Viterbo to Terracina, from Narni to the mouth of the Tiber.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/ItalyLombards.htm (178 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Lombards
		Lombards, Germanic people, originally settled along the lower Elbe River, who invaded and conquered northern and central Italy between 568 and 572....
		Lombard, village, DuPage County, northeastern Illinois, on the DuPage River, a primarily residential suburb of Chicago; settled 1833, incorporated...
		Lombard, Peter (1100?-1160), Italian theologian and bishop of Paris, whose Four Books of Sentences became the standard theological text of the...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lombards.html (99 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Chapter 46
		The Lombards, and their confederates, were united by their common attachment to a chief, who excelled in all the virtues and vices of a savage hero; and the vigilance of Alboin provided an ample magazine of offensive and defensive arms for the use of the expedition.
		With her daughter, the heiress of the Lombard throne, her two lovers, her trusty Gepidae, and the spoils of the palace of Verona, Rosamond descended the Adige and the Po, and was transported by a Greek vessel to the safe harbor of Ravenna.
		The remainder of Italy was possessed by the Lombards; and from Pavia, the royal seat, their kingdom was extended to the east, the north, and the west, as far as the confines of the Avars, the Bavarians, and the Franks of Austrasia and Burgundy.
	www.ccel.org /g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap45.htm (11136 words)

	Lombards
		The Lombard kingdom reached its height in the 7th and 8th cent.
		Pope Stephen II appealed to the Frankish King Pepin the Short, who invaded Italy; the Lombards lost the territories comprised in the Donation of Pepin to the papacy.
		Of the Lombard kingdom only the duchy of Benevento remained, and it was conquered in the 11th cent.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/L/Lombards.html (377 words)

	The Lombards
		For a whole generation, the Lombards behaved in the worst traditions of barbarian conquerors; murdering landlords and seizing their lands, plundering the countryside and taking the cities for themselves.
		Under this threat, and with the presence of hostile Slavs and Avars in Istria, the Lombards re-established a unified monarchy under Authari son of Cleph.
		Lombard rule in Italy was all but over, being finally destroyed in 773 by Pippin’s son, Charlemagne.
	www.fernweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /mf/lombards.htm (909 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lombardy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Geographically it was divided into eight regions:-Austria, to the north-east; Neustria, to the north-west; Flaminia and a portion of Emilia; Lombard Tuscia; the Duchy of Spoleto; the Duchies of Benevento and Salerno; Istria; the Exarchate of Ravenna, and the Pentapolis, a late conquest which did not remain long in the hands of the Longobards.
		The Lombard Duchy of Beneventum, after various divisions, was conquered by the Normans in the eleventh century, while the city of Beneventum passed (1051-52) under papal sway.
		The emperor placed the confederate towns under a ban, and with the help of a Saracen army, which he brought from Sicily, and of the troops of the Ghibelline cities, despite the interposition of Honorius III and Gregory IX, he laid waste the country of the League, and in 1247 defeated it at Cortenova.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09336b.htm (4720 words)

	Lombards
		Perhaps he didn’t know the extent of what he was doing, but I surmise that he knew exactly what would happen — he knew the condition of his troops, and knew what chaos would befall when they lost their leader and faced an organized and hot-blooded horde of foes.
		I think he knew well that he gave the Lombards Italy, and deemed it his last word against he complaining Romans, who had pleaded that they had preferred the rule of the Goths over the “eunuch general”.
		At last the Lombards broke through the defences, but as Alboin rode across the threshold of the gates, his steed stumbled and fell to the ground.
	www.geocities.com /gladril/Lombards.html (934 words)

	Lombards
		, Pepin's successor, intervened, defeated the Lombards, and was crowned (774) with the Lombard crown at Pavia.
		Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century
		Lombard League - Lombard League, an alliance formed in 1167 among the communes of Lombardy to resist Holy Roman...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0830194.html (435 words)

	LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI - Online Information article about LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI
		It was the beginning of peace between the Lombards and the Catholic clergy.
		The Lombards were still to the Italians a " foul and horrid " race.
		To the Lombards the conquest was the destruction of their legal and social supremacy.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LOB_LUP/LOMBARDS_or_LANGOBARDI.html (5954 words)

	Lombards - History for Kids!
		In 568 AD, the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and conquered it from the Romans who had been ruling there.
		The Lombards ruled northern Italy for about two hundred years, until they were conquered by the Frankish king Charlemagne in 774 AD.
		The Lombards were relatively new to Roman culture, and their leaders were not as educated as most Roman leaders were.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/medieval/history/earlymiddle/lombards.htm (191 words)

	The Lombards
		The Lombards, or Langobards, were a Germanic tribe that began in southern Sweden and worked their way down into Italy.
		When the Lombards --whose original name, Langobards, refers to their long beards-- descended on Italy in the 6th century, they had to deal with several earlier waves of German invaders (particularly the Goths) as well as the resurgent Eastern Romans (who were a power in Italy into the 8th century).
		Perhaps most importantly, the Lombards got involved in political arguments with the Pope, and this was what caused the papacy to call upon the Franks for aid.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/westeurope/Lombards.html (370 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		The Lombard promised to give up the cities of the exarchate and of the Pentapolis, which had been last conquered, to make no further attacks upon or to evacuate the Duchy of Rome and the districts of Venetia and Istria, and acknowledged the sovereignty of the Franks.
		Adrian I complained that the Lombard king Desiderius had invaded the territories of the States of the Church, and reminded Charlemagne of the promise made at Quiercy.
		When these at the time of Leo IX advanced into the Lombard Duchy of Benevento, the Beneventans sought to defend themselves against them by expelling the reigning prince and electing the pope in 1051 as their sovereign.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm (12122 words)

	Early Lombards - DBA III/2 by Gian Luca Giorgi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lombards or Langobards (Long-Beards?) were a western germanic tribe like the Alamnnic, Saxons and Franks.
		487 : The Lombards or Winli (Warriors), occupy the territory at north of Danube, Austria and Moravia.
		This is the decision of 35 Dukes of Lombard Kingdom.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/III2 (432 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Lombards - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic group that entered the late Roman Empire.
		They were known to the Romans from as early as AD 98, however, when the historian Tacitus mentioned them in his Germania.
		When they entered Italy the Lombards were partly still pagan, partly Arian Christians, and hence got along very badly with the Roman Catholic Church.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/lo/Lombard (358 words)

	Alboin, King of the Lombards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With the decline of the Huns following the death of Attila, 453, the Lombards had moved to ascendency in the area known as Pannonia, centered around modern-day Hungary.
		Residents of the Italian countryside fled at the Lombards' approach.
		Alboin himself, however, soon fell to an old grudge: he was murdered in 573, apparently at the instigation of his wife Rosamund, who never accepted her husband's habit of drinking from her father's skull.
	www.boglewood.com /timeline/alboin.html (276 words)

	1260 Days, and the Lombards
		In 605 a truce was arranged between the emperor and the Lombards.
		But it is interesting that it was WHEN the Lombards had "settled" into a civilized system and had embraced Christianity, that the Popes (Stephen II and later Hadrian I) moved to have the Franks come in and "defeat" Lombards, so they wouldn't gain the temporal rule of Rome.
		A Catholic prince succeeded to the crown of the Lombards in 626.
	www.geocities.com /mydedication2000/bacchiocchi2.html (2202 words)

	8th Century Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since the Lombards were Catholic the Pope was able to gain an audience with the King.
		As Pepin was awaiting the crown over the Lombards, Pope Gregory II had to return his attention back to the Empire as Emperor Constantine V called another Council at Nicea in 750 in order to settle the matter of iconoclasm.
		The Host was to be seen as the body of Christ appearing in the church, and was to be thought of as the supreme relic, to be eaten for spiritual nourishment.
	mystichearth.celestials.org /gobb_vol4iss11/Pg21.htm (1207 words)

	Lombard'sLair
		Racketeer, The (1929) (as Carol Lombard) ~~ Rhoda Philbrooke
		Carole Lombard (1908-1942) was the undisputed queen of screwball comedy in the 1930s.
		Lombard is apparent in this terrific tribute to the "Profane Angel." He details Lombard's life and times, and dishes some delicious backstage gossip.
	www.meredy.com /carolelombard (1132 words)

	Langobards (Lombards) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Langobards (or Lombards) were a Germanic tribe that began in southern Sweden and worked their way down into Italy by the 6th century.
		When the Lombards --whose original name, Langobards, refers to their long beards-- descended on Italy in the 6th century, they had to deal with several earier waves of German invaders (particularly the Goths) as well as the resurgent Eastern Romans (who were a power in Italy into the 8th century).
		The Lombards, unlike earlier Germans, had not maintained the ancient Roman forms of government during their domination of the Peninsula, not did the Lombard duchies which survived the Frankish onslaught in the South.
	www.hyw.com /Books/History/Langobar.htm (429 words)

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