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Topic: London Trams

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	TheTrams.co.uk: Trams in the UK
		Modern trams are quite different to the first generation of trams which served our towns and cities from the Victorian age until the middle of the last century.
		Tram and Light Rail systems use lightweight vehicles, which operate at lower speeds than conventional rail vehicles, and stops or stations are usually less substantial than heavy rail stations—some of the stops on the new Nottingham Express Transit are little more than a raised kerb and a next-tram indicator.
		Trams are only one of a number of transport modes in Greater London, which is also served by extensive heavy rail routes, an large heavy metro system (the London Underground) and a vast and comprehensive bus network.
	www.thetrams.co.uk /tramsinuk.php (1197 words)

	London Trams - Definition, explanation
		London Trams is an arm of Transport for London, which manages the second and current generation of tram services within London.
		West London Tram is a planned new system in West London from Shepherd's Bush to Uxbridge.
		Cross River Tram is a proposed new system in Central London from Kings Cross and Camden to Peckham and Brixton.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/lo/london_trams.php (145 words)

	Trams & Tramways
		Huddersfield and Bradford both changed from trams to trolleybuses in the late 1930âs and North London also changed to trolleybuses in 1938 one year after the introduction of the trolleybus in Newcastle.
		The decision to change from trams to trolleybuses in many towns was made to avoid the expense of maintaining or replacing the tram tracks.
		In central London trams were equipped with a âploughâ that ran in a conduit laid between the tracks,collecting power from a live conductor under the road.
	www.gebejay.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /tram.html (307 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Losses 'jeopardising tram plans'
		Seven light rail - or tram - systems have been built since 1980 and another 12 are being developed, with £1bn of government investment.
		Mr Darling told BBC Radio 4's Today programme tram usage had increased by 86% between 1997 and 2003, but that the government was taking a tough line on future funding.
		"The department has allowed tram systems to be built that have no through ticketing arrangements, unco-ordinated timetables, and trams have not been given priority over road traffic," he said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/3651587.stm (556 words)

	LRTA Links: System Sites - United Kingdom
		Blackpool Tram and Bus Photo Archive - Alan Robson's further collection of personal photos taken from the 1970's through the 1990's with roughly 100 tram photos (as of April 2004) including a wonderful set on the illuminated trams (often with the same car in different years).
		London - Underground - "It's all on the tube" website covering the entire Underground system with maps (lines and fare zones), first/last train times (by line), fares, service updates, journey planner (for the tube and Docklands), and passenger information tips (including their Customer Charter and Performance Plan 2000).
		London Underground Railway Society - Devoted to covering the past, present, and future of the London underground (in the broad sense that includes the Docklands Light Railway and relevant parts of the national rail network), the LURS publishes the monthly Underground News (sample issue on website) illustrated with both historical and current photos.
	www.lrta.org /links-systems-uk.html (4839 words)

	Links Page
		Modern, low floor trams, carrying up to 200 passengers, will run at frequent
		London Trams is responsible for managing the way tram services
		The department was formed in April 2001 and was rebranded as London
	www.trampower.co.uk /LinksPage.html (411 words)

	London Underground Tube Diary - Going Underground's Blog
		Transport for London is reported by the Independent to be close to reaching a deal with representatives from Nokia and O2 in order to produce a handset with a built-in Oyster card.
		London Underground is sorry to have to announce that further contracts for Miss Clarke are experiencing severe delays.
		Victorian Londoners clearly needed to recover from the early steaming and smoking underground tunnels.
	london-underground.blogspot.com (3972 words)

	YouTube - London's Last Tram 1952
		Question, does anyone know why Londons trams kept their headlight flout hoods right to the last.
		London's Last Tram ran on 6th July 1952 seen he...
		London's Last Tram ran on 6th July 1952 seen here at New Cross Depot.
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=pn9zANEaofE (429 words)

	West London Tram
		The West London Tram would be the biggest boost for public transport in West London for decades (with the possible exception of Crossrail).
		The real reason for their opposition is, we believe, that the tram might restrict their ability to drive and park their '4 by 4s' and 'people movers' wherever and whenever they want.
		The tram may impede their ability to drive their cars along and across the Uxbridge Road.
	www.wlfoet5.demon.co.uk /transport/trams/wltram.htm (622 words)

	London Trams - History of Tramlink (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trams are not new to the Croydon area as there was an old London tram service that used to run through the town along the A23 which was London Road, North End and High Street.
		The trams continued until 1951 when they were closed and cleared away to make room for buses and cars.
		It wasn't until 1986, when a study of Greater London transport was undertaken by London Transport and British Rail, that the re-introduction of the tram was seriously considered.
	www.dlr.co.uk /trams/abouttrams/companyinformation/ci_history_trams.shtml (261 words)

	Croydon Tramlink - The Unofficial Site
		Trams are powered electrically at 750vdc by overhead wires and have a max speed of 80kph (50mph).
		Each tram can carry over 200 people with 70 seated - If you consider the road space needed for 200 people in private cars and then think about the road space used by a single tram, you'll get some idea about the effectiveness of these trams to move people.
		Croydon has 24 trams of which 21 are needed for the peak service between 0700 and 1900 Monday to Saturday.
	www.croydon-tramlink.co.uk /info/trams/index.shtml (564 words)

	last tram week
		For trams were friendly vehicles and in their heyday were a cause for civic pride, a symbol of up-to-date thinking at the Town Hall.
		In the London area the tramways reached a maximum of 345 route miles served by over 2,600 cars — the largest network in the country — but after the successful introduction of trolleybuses by the London United Tramways in 1931 and the formation of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, tramscrapping began in earnest.
		In every case, except one, the changeover from trams to buses was made on a Saturday night, the buses taking over on Sunday morning; in some districts official ‘last trams’ were run and people made a night of it, civic dignitaries and local organisations contributing to the ceremonies.
	www.yellins.co.uk /transporthistory/trolley/ltw.html (731 words)

	trams
		It ran underground between the tram lines through a concrete conduit which had a small open slot along the rope so that the cable could be gripped by the mechanism on the small man-operated tractor or "gripper" car; it was this car that pulled the passenger tramcar.
		The last tram tracks to be laid in the Brixton area, in 1912 with overhead wire, were along Effra Road and Dulwich Road to connect Brixton centre directly with Norwood Road.
		It was the Board's policy to replace all trams by trolleybuses and by 1940 nearly all the remaining trams in North London and the outer southern suburbs disappeared.
	www.brixtonsociety.org.uk /trams.htm (2655 words)

	Trams in their last years
		Tram on route 72 [1] at Well Hall Roundabout, served by Eltham tram routes 44, 46 76, the 44 and 46 going to Eltham and the 72 going along the road seen straight on in the photograph.
		Tram 1931 (the one driven by King George V to re-open the Kingsway Subway in 1931) under Charing Cross railway bridge (Hungerford Bridge) on route 40, "Savoy St. Strand".
		Tram on route 38 to Embankment via Westminster leaving single-track section in Plumstead High St. Here, there are only 2 wires in each direction: the trams use one of the trolleybus wires.
	dewi.ca /trains/london/trams.html (3059 words)

	Who runs what - London Life, GLA
		Transport for London Street Management is responsible for running and improving 580km of London's most important roads – the Red Routes (also known as the Transport for London Road Network TLRN), which can be identified by the red road markings or signs at the side of the road.
		The Central London Partnership is working with local authorities, Transport for London, central government, businesses and utility companies to minimise the disruptive effects of street works.
		The Port of London Authority (PLA) is responsible for navigational safety, and manages the use of the Thames for commercial shipping and private boats.
	www.london.gov.uk /london-life/transport-and-travel/main-agencies.jsp (499 words)

	British Trams Online - News April 2006
		No other trams are expected to be returned to service from the mothballed fleet, although there are expected to be plenty of all over advert changes with the news that the Pleasure Beach are withdrawing their advertising contracts.
		Considering the fact that the tram was preserved way back in 1959, and that its launch has been much anticipated for the past few years, the lack of publicity surrounding its official launch was very disappointing, and I suspect that quite a few people will be gutted to find out that they have missed it.
		The report concludes that the immediate cause was the tram driver not reacting to a track-side warning that the points were incorrectly set and failing to stop the tram before reaching the points.
	www.britishtramsonline.co.uk /newsapr06.html (10661 words)

	London travel guide - Wikitravel
		London went from strength to strength and, with the rise of England to first European, then global prominence, the city became a great centre of government, industry and culture.
		London's long association with the theatre, for example, can be traced back to the English Renaissance (witness the Rose Theatre and Shakespeare's Globe) and great playwrights, like Shakespeare, who made London their home.
		London is easily the largest city in England, eight times larger than its 'second' city, Birmingham, and dominates the economic, political, and social life of the United Kingdom (much to the annoyance of people in "the provinces" - i.e.
	wikitravel.org /en/London (13461 words)

	British Trams Online - Features: Croydon Tramlink - Today and Tomorrow
		This led London Transport and Croydon Council to submit the Croydon Tramlink Bill to Parliament in November 1991 as a private member’s procedure and this was finally approved on 21 July 1994 after the third reading.
		The trams used on Tramlink were built by Bombardier (who are part of the Tramtrack Croydon Ltd group) in Austria and are designated CR-4000, based on the K-4000 trams of Cologne, Germany.
		There are 24 trams in the fleet (numbered from 2530 - the last original London tram was numbered 2529) and the maximum number of these that need to be in service at any one time is 24.
	www.britishtramsonline.co.uk /tramlink.html (1872 words)

	DPTAC: Door to Door - a travel guide for disabled people
		The stations on the London rail network often serve train lines that are built on embankments, and sometimes the stations themselves are also at a high level with physical access by flights of steps.
		The DLR operates between Bank Station in the City of London and the East of London, as far as Lewisham south of the Thames and Beckton and Stratford north of the Thames.
		Where DLR meets with the London Underground and National Rail stations, the connection is usually fully accessible, although it is advisable to check that is the case, and that any onward destination station is also accessible.
	www.dptac.gov.uk /door-to-door/08/index.htm (2925 words)

	Underground History - Kingsway Underpass
		With the increase in use of the car in the late 1940s and 1950s the popularity of the tram system rapidly waned and over small number of years in the 1950s virtually the whole network was disbanded, with the last tram leaving Kingsway tunnel itself on the 5th July 1952.
		The tram underpass originally ran from the Holborn entrance, though a subterranean station at Holborn and then down the length of the Kingsway, passing through another station at Aldwych before finally emerging to the surface immediately under Waterloo Bridge.
		Part of the Holborn tram stop had been converted for use as London's flood control centre in 1974, which was in use until the Thames Flood barrier was installed and commissioned in 1984.
	underground-history.co.uk /kwupass.php (2048 words)

	From omnibus to ecobus, 1851-1875, 3rd page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trams (known as street railways) were introduced to Britain by the American, George Francis Train.
		Bus and tram companies employed flsmiths, vets, ostlers (stablemen), conductors and coachbuilders to look after their horses and vehicles.
		London's horses produced approximately 1000 tonnes of dung a day, which was collected by dung carts and deposited in huge dung heaps, much of it sent to market gardens such as the Lee Valley in Essex.
	www.ltmuseum.co.uk /learning/online_resources/ecobus_omnibus/pg/1851b.htm (399 words)

	BBC - London - Travel - Tram and bus fares free for 16 and 17-year-olds
		The Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, announced that from September around 130,000 16 and 17 year olds living in London in full-time education or unwaged training can apply for a 16-17 year old Oyster photocard, offering them free travel on the capital's bus and tram network.
		The scheme follows the abolition of fares on buses and trams for under 16s and for under 11s on the Tube.
		All 16 and 17 year olds not in full-time education or who reside outside London will continue to be able to apply for a half-fare concession on adult rate Oyster single fares, and 7-day, monthly and longer period Travelcards, Bus Passes and Tube only season tickets.
	www.bbc.co.uk /london/content/articles/2006/08/31/tram_tube_fares_feature.shtml (632 words)

	London Trams - Types of Trams (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This tram in Freiburg, shows how trams are very people friendly and very safe to run through busy streets.
		This tram in Melbourne, shows how trams run through the busy streets in Melbourne with the people happily carrying on with their daily lives.
		This tram shows how trams can blend in with their surrondings with the beautiful trees in the background.
	www.dlr.co.uk /trams/abouttrams/companyinformation/ci_types.shtml (196 words)

	Chapter Four - London, England - Asset Management - International Programs - FHWA
		Transport for London committed a substantial amount of funding to TLRN to reduce the backlog of maintenance needs, which it inherited when TfL was created.
		London's approach to pavement condition data collection is based on the Detailed Visual Inspection (DVI) regime of UKPMS.
		Transport for London officials have concluded from the experience with this approach that treating pavements with condition index scores of 50 to 70 is the most cost-effective way to prolong pavement life.
	international.fhwa.dot.gov /assetmanagement/chp4_c_london.htm (2781 words)

	Valerie's UK Videos & DVDs - BUSES, TRAMS & TROLLEYBUSES
		A selection of archive film recounting the full story of Blackpool's trams from the closure of the Marton Route in October 1962 to the arrival of the first new tram for over 30 years in April 1984.
		Trams and trolleybuses throughout the city including the final tram route; new dual-door trolleys; Cardiff's flat fare system; new extension to Ely; trolley to Pengam; doodlebug to Pier Head; over Clarence Bridge to Tiger Bay; Llandaff Fields; Roath Park and Gabalfa.
		A record of the variety of trams, buses, trains and ships to be seen in and around Sunderland in the 1950s and 1960s.
	website.lineone.net /~rhaywood/trams1.html (2053 words)

	London Green Party - News
		The Green Party’s London Assembly transport speaker Jenny Jones, is supporting the proposed West London tram after meeting with Transport for London (TfL) to discuss local concerns.
		Jenny also raised the case for extra buses as an alternative to the West London Tram project and was assured that this would happen if TfL turned down the tram scheme at their July Board meeting.
		However, the extra buses would not be as reliable as trams unless they had priority through the pinch points, which also involves diverting the traffic.
	london.greenparty.org.uk /news/58 (467 words)

	NetControl.net Archive of ::Trams on the World Wide Web - UK (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The London Transport (LT) museum houses a wide variety of transportation from London; it is located in the heart of London at Covent Garden, which is a short walk from Trafalgar Square or Charing Cross Road.
		This tram passed to LT in 1933; it is shown in its final operating livery which includes fled-out headlights, which remained after World War 2.
		Tram driving lessons are also available every Friday and Saturday morning during the season, except July 19th to August 24th.
	www.netcontrol.net /archives-98/182002/index.shtml (3214 words)

	Preserved London Trams (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Car 106 is a London County Council B class car, and was one of 100 such trams.
		Built in 1911/12 for the LCC car 1622 a class E1 tram is seen in London Transport livery.
		It made an early exit from London going to Sunderland in February 1937.
	www.yellins.com /moderntransport/preserved/london-trams.html (186 words)

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